Teori Arab Masuknya Islam Ke Nusantara | Video Pembelajaran

After we discuss the history of Islamic civilization in the Arab world and the Middle East,

from the history of the Prophet Muhammad,

Khulafaur Rashidin, the caliphate of the Umayyad State to the Ottoman Turks,

now we turn to the History of Indonesia.

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ARAB THEORY, THE ENTRY OF ISLAM INTO THE ARCHIPELAGO

According to several existing theories, Islamic teachings entered Indonesia through people from various nations.

Some of them came to the archipelago to trade while preaching.

There are also scholars or religious scholars who did come to the archipelago to spread the teachings of Islam.

Despite the debates and discussions that later arose,

there are 4 theories related to the entry of Islam in Indonesia, including the Theory of India (Gujarat),

Arabic Theory (Mecca), Persian Theory (Iran), and Chinese Theory.

Which can be watched later on the link in the description.

In this discussion, we will discuss Arabic theory first.

Arab or Middle Eastern theory itself was pioneered by some historians,

among them are Crawfurd, Keijzer, Naimann, de Hollander, and there are also several Indonesian historians such as

Hasjmi, Al-Attas, Buya Hamka, and Mukti Ali.

Buya Hamka in his book entitled "History of Muslims",

said that Islam entered the archipelago in the 7th century AD.

Hamka himself used a source from the Tang Dynasty Chinese news which said that on the west coast of Sumatra

Arab entrepreneurs have been found.

So, Hamka concluded in his Arabic theory that Islam entered the archipelago from its original area, namely Arabia.

The Arab theory is also shared by Ahmad Mansur Suryanegara,

who says in his book, "Fire of History" Volume 1, that Islam entered Southeast Asia brought by Arab entrepreneurs

in the first century AH or the 7th century AD.

The Arabs are a nation that has constantly established trade relations abroad.

This is because Arabs are intermediary entrepreneurs between Europe and African countries, India, Southeast Asia,

and the Far East namely Japan and China.

Meanwhile, according to Jajat Burhanudin in his book, "Islam in the Current History of Indonesia", also wrote several statements

about the entry of Islam into the archipelago seen from Chinese records.

The text is evidence of the development of long-distance trade that connected Sriwijaya with the Muslim world in the Middle East

and Persia to China in the East from the 7th century AD.

Statements related to the entry of Islam into the archipelago which made Arabia its carrier state,

referring to sources from Chinese records, which say that Islam already existed in Indonesia in the 7th century AD

precisely in the Sumatra region in the development of the Sriwijaya Kingdom's maritime trade.

However, in line with the weaknesses experienced by Srivijaya in the 13th century,

Muslim traders and missionaries turned their support to the Islamic-style kingdom,

namely Samudera Pasai which is located on the northeast coast of Aceh.

That's in Sumatra, how about in Java?

Islam entered Java only in the 11th century AD.

Evidenced by archaeological findings in the form of the tombstone of Fatimah bint Maimun in Leran, Gresik which dates to 475 H (1082 AD).

which can be used as evidence that Islam has existed in Java since before the 11th century.

Azyumardi Azra in "Network of Ulama in the Middle East and the Archipelago of the XVII and XVIII Centuries: Tracing the Roots of Islamic Reform in Indonesia",

stated that the Middle East, namely Arabia and Persia, had enough knowledge of the archipelago because of these Middle Eastern Muslims

making certain ports in the archipelago as stopover centers.

In the first phase, from the end of the 8th century to the 12th century, the Middle East's relations with the Archipelago were related to trade.

Then the next phase until the end of the 15th century the relationship between the two looks wider.

It was only from the 16th century to the 17th century that the Middle East's relationship with the Archipelago became more political than religious.

At this point, the question is, who is the carrier of Islam in the archipelago based on Arab theory?

Most books say that Islam came to Indonesia brought by traders.

As Marwati Djoened Poesponegoro wrote in the book "Indonesian National History" Volume III,

and also by Bernard Vlekke in his book, "Nuantara: History of Indonesia", which was translated by Samsudin Berlian.

They wrote how shipping and trade had an active role in the process of spreading Islam to the archipelago.

In the reign of the Sriwijaya Kingdom of the 7th and 8th centuries,

The Straits of Malacca has been passed by Muslim traders in their voyages to Southeast Asia and East Asia.

Later in this book, it is written that in that century there were already Muslim settlements in the Sumatra area.

However, many other historians doubt the ability of traders to spread Islam.

Merchants are still traders, their main concern is business, not the spread of religion.

Azyumardi Azra, for example, in his book, mentions that professional teachers or Sufis

is a propagator of Islam in the archipelago, including Java.

The Sufis succeeded in Islamizing the people of the archipelago in large numbers since at least the 13th century AD.

The main factor in the success of the Sufis in spreading Islam in the archipelago,

namely its ability to present Islam in an attractive packaging.

In particular by emphasizing conformity with Islam or continuity.

The statement about the Sufis who are more important in playing a role in Islamization in the archipelago,

especially Java, it is also written in Alwi Shihab's work, "Sufistic Islam: The First Islam and Its Influence Until Now in Indonesia".

According to him, Islam in the archipelago is mostly played by Sufis, because the Sufis are more compromising

and full of love. So that human beings are more inclined to be open and cosmopolitan.

In addition to the spread of Islam in the archipelago written by Indonesian and foreign historians,

Local historians also have their own views on who the spreaders of Islam to the archipelago were.

Local sources mostly link the propagator of Islam with Walisongo.

They took part in the process of Islamization, especially in Java.

However, the spread of Islam in Java by Walisongo only occurred around the 14th century AD.

That is a brief discussion of the Arab Theory of the entry of Islam into the archipelago.

Look forward to the next discussion on the Gujarat, Persian, and Chinese Theories of the entry of Islam into the Archipelago.

That is all and thank you.