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Chemical Bonds and Their Types Hi friends, have you ever wondered why salt is hard but easily destroyed or rotten? Why can cables send electricity? Even why our bodies can be arranged from various types of different substances? All these interesting phenomena and many more are not separated from one basic and important concept in chemistry, namely chemical bonds.
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Now, this time we will learn about chemical bonds and their types. How are chemical bonds formed? And why is this concept important to learn? All objects around us, both solid, liquid, and gas, are made up of atoms that are linked to each other. Why are atoms linked to each other? The main reason is to achieve stability.
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However, there are also atoms that are already stable, so they are very rarely linked to other atoms. These atoms are known as noble gases, consisting of helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon atoms. Why are noble gases stable? It turns out that the outer skin or valence skin of noble gas atoms is filled with 2 electrons or 8 electrons.
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Therefore, to achieve a stable state, other atoms will form an electron configuration such as noble gas, where the outer skin is filled with two electrons or duplexes and eight electrons or octets. Atoms will interact by releasing, receiving, or dividing electrons. The bond that occurs from the interaction between atoms is what is called a chemical bond.
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There are three types of chemical bonds that we will discuss in this video, namely ion bonds, covalent bonds, and metal bonds. Now let's discuss the first type of chemical bond, namely ion bonds. An example of a substance formed through ion bonds is saltwater. Saltwater is formed from an ion bond between a sodium atom and a chlorine atom. How can an ion bond be formed?
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The basic principle of ion binding is to accept electrons. Imagine, there is an atom of sodium that has one extra electron in its outer skin and an atom of chlorine that lacks one electron to achieve stability. What happens? The sodium atom gives one of its electrons to the chlorine atom.
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After giving one electron, the atom of sodium turns into a positive ion Na+ while chlorine that receives one electron turns into a negative ion Cl-. These two different ions will attract each other to form an ion bond. The interaction of attraction between positive and negative ions does not only occur in one pair.
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There is NaCl, each Na+ ion is surrounded by 6 Cl-mins ions. Likewise, the interaction of these ions forms a very neat and orderly arrangement in the form of crystal crystals. This orderly and strong arrangement is what causes ion elements such as kitchen salt to generally be dense at room temperature and have very high melting points.
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But, even though it is strong, this crystal has a weakness against mechanical interference. Try taking a salt ball and hitting it with a spoon. What happens? It will break. Why? Because when we hit it, the position of the ions in the crystal crystal slightly moves. When the ions with the same content become close, they will reject each other strongly. This rejection is what causes the salt crystal to crack and eventually break.
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The second type of chemical bond that we will discuss is the covalent bond. An example of a substance formed through a covalent bond is a water molecule. Then, how does this covalent bond happen? Covalent bonds occur when atoms share electrons so that their outer skin is filled with 2 or 8 electrons.
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If only one electron pair is used together, it is called a single covalent bond, as in the formation of a hydrogen molecule. If two electron pairs are used together, it is called a covalent bond of two, for example in the oxygen molecule. And if three electron pairs are used together, it is called a covalent bond of three, as in the nitrogen molecule.
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In addition to the number of electrons that are divided, the covalent bonds are also grouped based on the polarity or distribution of the electrons, namely the polar covalent bonds and the non-polar covalent bonds. In the polar covalent bonds, there is a significant difference in electronegativity between the atoms that are bound.
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For example, in the hydrogen chloride molecule, where chlorine atoms are more electronegative than hydrogen, so that electrons will be more attracted to chlorine. As a result, chlorine atoms will be slightly negative and hydrogen will be slightly positive. Meanwhile, in the nonpolar covalent bond, both atoms have the same electronegativity, or almost the same.
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For example, in chlorine molecules, where the two chlorine atoms attract electrons with the same strength, so that there is no significant difference in mass. Then there are two types of other covalent bonds, namely coordination covalent bonds. In coordination covalent bonds, one atom gives its electron pair to be used together, while the other atom only accepts.
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For example, in the molecule HNO3, where the atom N gives its electron pair to be used together with the atom O, forming a covalent coordination bond. The third type of chemical bond is metal bond. Metal bonds are formed between metal atoms, both of the same kind and of different types. Different from ion bonds or covalent bonds, metal bonds are explained by the model called electron ocean.
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Imagine a neat array of atoms, but their valence electrons are not strongly bound to a certain atom. On the contrary, these electrons are free to move, like oceans around the core of the atoms of the metal. This free movement of electrons is what gives unique characteristics to metals, such as good electric and heat transmitters, have a glowing effect, and can be planted or shaped.
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For example, when we make iron, the atoms are indeed shifting, but the electron waves still unite them, so that the iron does not break, but only changes shape. This also explains why metal wires can be bent without breaking, because the metal bond remains intact. Well, that was the discussion about the types of chemical bonds, namely ion bonds, covalent bonds, and metal bonds.
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Why is it important to learn chemistry? Chemistry is the basis of the formation of various substances around us, starting from water, salt, to our own body. By understanding chemistry, we know why a substance has a certain shape and nature. The concept of chemistry is also applied in various fields, such as making new materials, food processing, drug development,
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to environmentally friendly technology. Now, let's try to answer the following questions: 1. The easiest combination of elements to form an ion bond is? 2. The substance that has a single covalent bond, multiple, and three-dimensional in sequence is? 3. The correct reason for metal to be used as a power supply is?
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Write your answer in the comments column. If you want to practice the topic of chemical bonds and their types, let's visit the website kejarcita.id or download the Kejar Cita application on the Play Store. Like and share this video with other friends. Kejar Cita, Kejar Ilmu, Rai Cita.
