Kurikulum Merdeka Rangkuman IPA Kelas 9 Bab 1

[Music]

Hi everyone, welcome back to the

education portal channel. On this occasion,

we will discuss the summary of the

9th grade science material, chapter 1, which is about growth

and development. This material is already in the

Merdeka curriculum.

Yes, let's start with the difference between

growth and development.

Do you know the difference between

growth and development? Growth

or growth is a process

that can be measured using a measuring system, it can be

weight, height, and

so on. While development is the process of

restraining the desires of various

aspects of a baby who can

crawl from birth to maturity. In

development and growth, it becomes

known and

so on. Next, the

human life cycle

is broadly divided into babies,

children, teenagers, and adults.

We will discuss one by one,

yes, we start with the

human baby period. It is not suddenly

born directly from the mother's womb. The

initial stage before becoming a baby is of course

due to fertilization where there

is a meeting between sperm cells and

mature egg cells. After

fertilization, the cells will turn

into zygotes that are ready to develop and

continue to divide through the process of mitosis. The

zygote is now in the morula phase, which is

an increase in the number of cells without increasing

cell mass. From the morula phase, cells continue to

divide until a cavity is formed

called the blastula flap while the cells are

called

blastocysts after the blastula phase the cells

then enter the gastrola phase and

then develop into an embryo

after 8 weeks the embryo develops

into a vetus or fetus at this stage the

formation of the

vetus's body organs continues to develop until

finally it is born into a baby

well you can pay attention to the chart

below for more details Yes starting from

day zero to the

fifth day that is the development process of the

baby from fertilization to

blastocyst after the baby is born into the world

it cannot immediately speak yes there are

stages of development of the baby

from 1 to 15 months well you can

also read it In the section below this is in the

textbook too you can also read more ee

for more details you can also read in the next textbook childhood

childhood begins at

the age of 2 years and the development of

physical movements and coordination begins to develop

rapidly every year has

different skill developments at the age of 3 years it begins to be

able to maintain balance when standing

on one leg turning or stopping

suddenly or quickly jumping

as high as 37 to 60 cm up and down

stairs without assistance and kicking a

ball at the age of 4 years can control

movements and respond when given

instructions up and down stairs with

alternating steps climbing ropes or

hanging from the crossbar imitating following

and enjoying the movements that are imitated at the

age of 5 years can do

constant movements with short rest periods

participate in social physical games

together

then ride a two-wheeled bicycle with

walking aids in a straight line forward

and backward jumping on one

leg and walking on a

balance board then adolescence and

puberty adolescence is a phase of

change from children to adults

puberty begins when children are

9 years old to 15 years old puberty is

characterized by sexual development

in the form of the start of the activation of

reproductive hormones characteristics of puberty in men

growth of hair on the face

deepening voice growth of the Adam's apple growth of armpit hair growth

pubic hair growth penis

enlargement thesis start producing

sperm then characteristics of puberty in

women hair growth in the armpits breasts

enlarge hips enlarge pubic hair growth

and menstruation well the characteristics of

puberty in men and women

must be memorized yes usually it will

come out in the next exam

adulthood at the age of 30 years humans will

experience signs of aging such as

the growth of white hair or reduced

muscle mass in middle age 40

to 50 years old women will stop

experiencing menstruation which is called

menopause while in men

sperm production will decrease but

by implementing a healthy lifestyle

it is hoped that adult men and women can

remain active throughout their lives

next we go into the

growth and development of

animals after we study humans

we move on to animals first yes we know

that animals can reproduce in

three ways namely laying eggs laying eggs

and giving birth to eggs is

called ovipar giving birth is called

vivipar laying eggs and giving birth is

ovoivipar this is from elementary school

yes all of them must go through the

fertilization stage which produces embryos

in oviparous animals the contents of the egg

are the nutrients needed

by the embryo to develop vertebrate animal eggs

that live on land such as

reptiles and birds have an

egg structure called

amniotic eggs Well here are

the parts of the egg you

can read and also memorize it

Well each of the functions of

these parts is the

egg shell functions to protect

maintain moisture and allow

gas exchange if the membrane

functions to protect the

inside of the egg albumen functions

as a place for gas exchange

between oxygen and carbon dioxide

if the yolk functions to

provide food supply to the embryo

amniotic fluid its function is as an

embryo pad and as a

moisture guard if the allantois is useful

for storing dirt from the

embryo Then for

ovoipipar animals the embryo develops in the

egg in the mother's body

until finally the egg is ready to be hatched and

then born if for

vipipar animals the embryo develops in the

mother's body which is connected through the placenta

well After studying about each

type of animal we also know

that there are some animals that may

look the same when the young and adult phases are the

same,

for example shrimp well as

below you can see from the

egg phase e after hatching to adulthood, it's the same

but there are also young phases and

adult phases change drastically like

butterflies Do you still remember

what

metamorphosis is called metamorphosis is a

change in body shape in

living things in stages from the young phase

to

adulthood metamorphosis itself there are two

yes there are perfect and imperfect

to make it easy to remember

perfect metamorphosis must go through the pupa

while if

imperfect metamorphosis does not go through the

pupa Well here is a picture of

the difference between perfect and

imperfect metamorphosis you can see

that imperfect does not have a pupa if

perfect it must go through the pupa remember Pupa

is a cocoon, yes, this

has been

studied since elementary school. Next, we will go into

the growth and development of

plants. Many plants start

their life phase from seeds. Inside the seeds

there are plant embryos. If they fall

in suitable conditions, the seeds will

start to grow into plants.

These embryos have Cika, the parts of

plants such as roots, stems, and leaves.

The embryo grows using

its food reserves in the

cotyledons. The seeds are covered by a

very hard seed coat that serves

to protect the embryo from drying out

when the plant grows taller. So

this growth is called

primary growth. Primary growth is related

to primary meristem cells in

plants. Meristem cells are cells

that actively divide. Well, these are the

cells that must be memorized.

Well, here is a picture that

shows the meristem cells found

in plants. You can memorize them too.

After experiencing primary growth and

development, it will enter

secondary growth and development.

What is meant by secondary growth and

development is when the plant

grows wider or the diameter of the stem

gets bigger. This is because the

secondary meristem division is

located in the

cambium. So, what are the factors that

can influence the growth and

development of plants? There are two factors.

There are internal and external factors.

Internal factors are factors that come from

within the body. Plants themselves, for example,

genetics and hormones, while

external factors must come from outside the

plant body. External factors can be

several conditions, such as sunlight,

water, soil, humidity, temperature and

nutrition. Well, maybe that's enough.

Thank you for watching the

learning video until the end. Hopefully it will be

useful for all of us. Don't forget to like,

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