MENGENAL DAN MEMPROMOSIKAN PRODUK PANGAN LOKAL INDONESIA

Asalamualaikum warahmatullahi

wabarakatuh. Good morning, strong students of

State Vocational School 1 Surabaya. Meeting again

with Mrs. Vina while learning

Indonesian.

[Music]

This time we will study Indonesian language material for

grade 11 semester 1, getting to know

and promoting local Indonesian food products

.

As an agricultural and maritime country,

Indonesia has

abundant natural resources. One of them is a

variety of plant and animal food ingredients.

[Music]

Various types of food, medicinal,

and industrial plants grow abundantly in

Indonesian soil. However, along with development in

various regions,

agricultural land is decreasing every year.

This will certainly be a problem

for food security in Indonesia.

How do you deal with

this problem? What do you think about

this? You can express

your opinion regarding this problem in the

form of argumentative text.

You are familiar with

argumentative text, right?

How to express opinions in the

form of argumentative text?

You can make it by

studying the material in this chapter

first. Let's study with

enthusiasm.

Argumentative text can be used to

convey a response to an

event or phenomenon that is currently

occurring. Argumentative text is composed of the

author's opinion based on facts.

Argumentative texts require data and

facts that function to support the

arguments presented by the author.

The text is arranged in a correct structure

so that readers can easily understand the contents of the

text.

[Music]

Critical reading of argumentative text.

Critical reading is an activity

used to obtain

important information. In critical reading, you are

not only required to know the contents of the

text. You must also be able to understand,

analyze, conclude, and evaluate

the contents of the reading so that your understanding of the

reading is optimal.

One type of text that can be read

to obtain information is

argumentative text.

The word argumentation or argumentative

comes from the basic word argument which

according to KBBI means a reason to

strengthen or reject an opinion,

position or idea.

An argumentative text is a text that

aims to convey opinions or

ideas about an event,

problem or phenomenon.

[Music]

Usually argumentative texts are used

as a basis for debate activities.

Argumentative text can be used as a

reason to strengthen or reject

an opinion, position or idea.

Even though this text emphasizes the

author's arguments or opinions about

something, the text must still contain

facts.

Facts are used as the author's basis

for argument. The

characteristics of argumentative text are

as follows. One, it contains facts

presented to provide proof

to the reader. Usually presented in the

form of graphs, images, news facts,

or expert opinion quotes.

Two, explain opinions that can

convince and influence listeners or

readers.

Three, it contains ideas or thoughts

conveyed by the author. Four, include

reasons in the form of data, facts and

other supporting arguments. L contains sources of ideas

in the form of experiences, observations, or

research.

Six, opinions are conveyed by

formulating problems logically,

analytically and critically.

Seven, there is a closing sentence with a

universal delivery or

providing a general and

comprehensive conclusion regarding the solution to the

problem. The

aim of argumentative text is for

the reader to accept or be influenced

by the writing that is written.

Moreover, everyone has

different views or attitudes on

any matter, especially views

related to the wider community.

Therefore, argumentative text

aims to provide a person's viewpoint

accompanied by facts and data that are

considered correct.

Argumentative text consists of three

parts. Let's discuss them one by one.

First, the introduction. The

introduction contains the arguments that will be

presented by showing the basis

or foundation of an argument that

will be presented by the author.

This section is very important because it

aims to convey arguments that

can attract attention and convince

readers.

Two, the body of the argument. The body of the argument

contains opinions that focus on efforts

to prove the opinion or idea

that was presented at the beginning or

introductory section.

To further convince readers, the writing

presented can be in the form of data,

facts, and logical reasons that can

support the author's opinion.

Argumentative sentences must be arranged in a

neat and attractive form based on the

results of analysis according to facts, experiments

and observations.

Three, conclusion. The argumentative text

ends with a conclusion. In an

argumentative paragraph, the conclusion can

be a summary from the author.

The purpose of the conclusion section is to

show the reader that the ideas

or opinions given are

true and can be trusted.

[Music]

Main ideas and supporting ideas in

argumentative text.

Text is a collection of several

paragraphs arranged systematically.

There is a relationship between paragraphs in one text

.

In general, paragraphs are formed from two

elements, namely main ideas and supporting ideas.

The main idea is an idea

conveyed by the author in a

topic in a paragraph.

The main idea also has other names, namely

main idea, main idea or

main thought. The main idea is found in the

main sentence.

As for explanatory ideas, they are thoughts

used to explain or

describe the main idea in a paragraph. There

can be more than one explanatory idea in a paragraph

. In one paragraph

there is only one main idea. By

understanding the main idea, you can

understand the core problem in a

paragraph.

Meanwhile, for writers, the main idea

functions to make it easier to develop

a paragraph. The main idea is found in the

main sentence. However, the

main sentence in a paragraph is not always

at the beginning of the paragraph. So, you must

first find the main sentence

to find the main idea of ​​the paragraph.

Supporting ideas are used to

explain the main idea in a paragraph.

These explanatory ideas are expressed

in explanatory sentences. As

an explanation, in one paragraph,

there are at least two explanatory sentences.

Explanatory sentences are used to explain the

main idea. In simple terms, an

explanatory sentence is a sentence that contains

additional information.

Explanatory sentences function to

support or strengthen the main idea in the

main sentence.

Explanatory sentences are special

in a piece of writing or paragraph.

The form of explanatory sentences is usually in the form of

data,

examples, facts or opinions that

support the main sentence.

In this way, readers can easily

understand the author's meaning.

Based on the location of the main idea,

paragraphs are divided into three types.

Let's discuss them one by one.

Deductive paragraph. A deductive paragraph

is a paragraph whose main idea is at

the beginning of the paragraph. The ideas in

this type of paragraph are developed from general to

specific. The main sentence of a deductive paragraph is

at the beginning of the paragraph, while the

explanatory sentence is after the

main sentence. So, the type of deductive paragraph

has the following characteristics, namely the

main idea or main idea in the form of a

general statement.

Two, the induction paragraph. An inductive paragraph

is a paragraph whose main idea is at

the end of the paragraph. An inductive paragraph begins

by presenting

explanations and

then ends with a topic sentence.

Induction paragraphs can be divided into

three types, namely generalization, analogy,

and causality.

Three, mixed paragraphs. A

mixed paragraph is a paragraph where the

main idea is at the beginning and end of the

paragraph. This type of paragraph begins

by stating the main problem,

followed by explanatory sentences,

then ends with another main sentence

as an explanation.

Factual sentences and opinion sentences in

argumentative texts. An

argumentative paragraph contains arguments or

opinions presented by the writer

regarding a problem or phenomenon that is

currently occurring. So, in an

argumentative paragraph, the author's opinion is the

main thing. However, the opinion

expressed by the author must be

accompanied by clear explanations of evidence and reasons

.

The arguments presented in the text

must be based on data and facts that

can be accounted for.

From this explanation, it can

be concluded that argumentative text

consists of facts and opinions. Both

must be delivered in a balanced manner.

[Music]

Facts. A fact is a condition or

event that is real or

something that really exists and

happens. Facts are objective

so that the information in them is not

influenced by a person's or

personal opinion.

Thus, the content of the factual writing is only

based on the truth and does not

use mere assumptions.

The characteristics of the facts are as follows. One,

the source comes from events or incidents

or things or objects around us.

Therefore, facts are always

factual or according to reality or what is

.

Two, the truth can be proven

according to the incident, event, thing or

object that is expressed or reported.

Three, collected from

trusted sources.

four are objective, namely data that is

actually not made up and is not

influenced by personal opinions or views

.

Five can usually answer the

5W + 1

6 question formula. Disclosure in the form of

news sentences or statements. Consider the

following example.

Opinion. Opinion is the author's opinion

based on facts. Opinion

is not a fact. If it

can be proven or verified in the future,

the opinion will turn into reality

or fact. Opinion sentences are sentences

from the author's point of view.

The characteristics of opinion are as follows. One,

the source is obtained from a

person's understanding of facts or anything

that is then expressed in a

statement.

Therefore, opinions can be right or

wrong. Two, the truth of an opinion depends

on two things, namely the truth of the facts and

their understanding. Therefore, the truth of

an opinion is relative, that is, it depends on the

truth of the facts, their understanding and

their expression.

Three, it is subjective and usually

accompanied by opinions, suggestions and

explanatory descriptions. Four, the thoughts or

opinions of a person or group. Five,

use the words in my opinion,

in my opinion, or based on

my knowledge. Because opinion sentences

are a form of personal opinion. Six,

the incident is not certain or the information

contained has not been proven

to be true. so it usually starts with

words like I think, it

seems, and I feel when

writing argumentative text.

You have learned the characteristics, objectives,

and structure of argumentative texts.

Next, you can learn to write

argumentative texts.

The main purpose of argumentative text is to

express the author's views on

a problem or

event. This is what makes argumentative texts

have diverse ways of thinking in

viewing the same problem.

Therefore, the author's opinion must be

supported by data and facts that can be

accounted for. the truth.

The use of sentences in writing text

must also be paid attention to carefully.

Good and correct sentences can

make it easier for readers to understand the explanation

given.

Argumentative paragraphs are composed of

several interrelated sentences

. The sentences in a

paragraph must meet the requirements of unity

or cohesiveness and coherence or coherence

so that they can be understood well by

readers.

Cohesion is the integration of form.

Coherence is a unity of

meaning. Unity and coherence

are also characteristics of a good paragraph. This means that

if a paragraph only has one of

these requirements or does not have

both, the paragraph is considered

less good.

[Music]

Cohesion. Cohesion is the harmonious

relationship between elements in a discourse or

paragraph so that a proper understanding is created

. Another definition of cohesion

is the connection between elements in a

syntactic structure or discourse structure

which is characterized by conjunctions,

repetition, substitution and omission.

Cohesion can be in the form of reference,

substitution, omission, use of

conjunctions, repetition, synonyms, antonyms.

A paragraph is said to be cohesive or

have cohesion or unity if

it has one main sentence and several

explanatory sentences.

On the other hand, a paragraph is said to be

incohesive if it has several

main sentences and explanatory sentences.

For that reason, many things are discussed

in one paragraph.

Cohesion or unity in a paragraph

can occur if the sentences

contained in the paragraph remain

controlled by the main idea.

A paragraph can contain

several additional ideas, but

these ideas are always

controlled by the main idea.

Consider the following example.

Coherence. Coherence can be referred to as

cohesiveness. Coherence is the

neat arrangement of facts and ideas,

facts and concepts into a

logical sequence so that it is easy to understand the message

it connects.

A paragraph is said to be a coherent paragraph that

has coherence or cohesiveness if it

has repetition or repetition of

key words, pronouns or transition words.

If a paragraph does not have these three things

, it cannot be called a

coherent paragraph.

The coherence or unity of a paragraph

is characterized by the logical arrangement of sentences

through sentence linking expressions.

Logical sequence can be known

through sentence structure. Sentences that are

inconsistent or deviate from the problem

being discussed will make the paragraph

disjointed.

A paragraph is said to have cohesion if

the sentences in the paragraph can

form a mutually

related relationship. Meanwhile, a paragraph

is said to be coherent if there

is a logical relationship of meaning between

sentences. One of the markers that a text

has a coherent relationship is usually

the use of conjunctions or connecting words.

Here are several types of conjunctions that are

often used in argumentative texts.

Please pay close attention.

[Music]

After understanding the linguistic elements of

argumentative texts, you can learn to

write argumentative texts.

The steps for writing argumentative text are

as follows. One, determine the topic

or theme. Two, determine the goal. Three,

collect facts and data and

materials that support the argument.

Fourth, create an essay framework

based on the materials obtained. Five,

develop the outline of the essay into a

complete paragraph. En edits the text both in terms of

content and language.

Posters as a type of persuasive text.

There are many media that can be used

to invite people to

participate in business. One

of them is using posters. A poster

is a placard that is displayed in a

public place as an announcement or advertisement.

Posters can also be interpreted as a

publication media consisting of

writing, images, or a combination of both

with the aim of providing information

to the general public.

The characteristics of the poster are as follows.

One, it can be read casually.

Two, installed in public places with

the intention of attracting public attention.

Three, consisting of a composition of letters and

images on large paper or cloth media

. Four, made

with a strong and contrasting color combination

. Five, use

short, clear, and unambiguous language so that it is

easy to understand. Six, accompanied by images

that support the message.

Generally, posters are installed in

busy and strategic places such as in front of

schools, offices, markets, malls, or

other crowded places. The poster

is inviting. Therefore,

posters can be used as

advertising media. Posters are used as a

promotional tool, as well as to provide

announcements or information to the

general public.

The creation of each poster has a

different purpose.

The purpose of making a poster is adjusted to

the wishes or interests of the maker,

which vary, such as commercial purposes,

public information, or humanitarian purposes.

Based on their purpose, posters can

be divided into several types as

follows. First, commercial posters. A

commercial poster is a poster created

to increase sales of a

product. This poster contains information

about a product offered

to the public, such as the advantages and

superiority of the product compared to

other similar products.

This commercial poster is widely used by

manufacturers of certain products to the

public.

Two, activity posters. An activity poster

is a poster used to

provide information about an

event. The information contained in

this poster includes the name of the event,

location, and start time of the event.

Using this poster will attract many people

to attend and enliven

the event.

[Music]

Three, community service posters. A

public service poster is a poster that

contains information about new programs

created by the government to the

public.

The purpose of this poster is to educate the public

regarding certain important information.

For example, the dangers of drugs, the dangers of cigarettes,

and calls for food diversification. Four,

class posters. Class posters are

posters created with the aim of

increasing student motivation in

class. An example of a class poster is a poster

inviting people to read.

Posters are made using

persuasive sentences accompanied by attractive images.

Persuasive sentences are sentences that

aim to persuade and convince

readers to accept and

carry out ideas according to the contents of the poster. A

good poster has the

following requirements. One, use language that is

easy to understand. Two, use

short, concise, clear, but

meaningful sentences. Three, use a combination

of sentences and pictures. Four, the poster

must be able to attract the interest of the public. Five,

it is made using materials that are

not easily damaged or torn. Six,

the size of the poster should be adjusted to

the place or area where the poster will be installed.

[Music]

Making posters can be done in

two ways, namely manually and digitally.

Making posters digitally

is done using a computer.

The steps for making a

digital poster are as follows. Let's discuss

the steps one by one.

One, determine the theme and objectives. The

first step in making a poster is

to determine the theme and purpose.

Poster making themes are varied.

For example, a public service poster to

encourage people to consume

non-rice and non-wheat foods as

staple foods. The purpose of the poster must also

be determined. For example, so that people

consume more foods other than

rice, such as sago, cassava and

corn. Two, formulate the message you want to

convey.

Posters must have a message they want to

convey. The message must be easy for the

reader to understand. Formulate a

useful message so that you know the results you

want to achieve when people read

the poster.

[Music]

Three, contains interesting words.

Posters should be made with

short, clear, and concise sentences that

people can remember immediately even if they

only glance at them. Avoid

using long-winded sentences

that do not directly lead to the main

message. Use everyday language according to the

target reader. Use language that is

easy for readers to understand.

Also use persuasive language or language that

invites. Four,

poster making. Poster creation

is done by determining

supporting images and color combinations on the

poster display. You have to combine

these images with the slogan

that was formulated previously.

This process requires creativity from the

poster maker. Poster making cannot be

done carelessly. There are

certain theories that must be understood

to make a poster look attractive, such as

determining colors, creating

animated images, using grids, highlights,

negative space, and

design layout.

Five, media selection. The results of making

posters must be printed on paper or

cloth. You must use

good quality ink and paper or cloth

so that it doesn't fade or get damaged quickly.

It would be better for you to consult with the

people at the printing shop to choose

the media for printing posters because

they understand more about this matter.

Besides choosing the media for printing

posters, you have to determine the media

for placing the posters and the place for

installing the posters.

That's the Indonesian language material for

this meeting. See you in

other Indonesian language learning materials. Greetings from State Vocational School

1 Surabaya. State Vocational School 1 Surabaya. strong.

Peace be upon you and Allah be upon you

. See you.