MATERI BUMN DAN BUMD | MATERI EKONOMI KELAS XI SEMESTER 1 KURIKULUM MERDEKA

[Music]

Assalamualaikum warahmatullahi

wabarakatuh Hello friends, we

meet again on the economics

channel in this video we will

continue the discussion of material about

business entities in the Indonesian economy

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Okay, let's go straight to the discussion of the

material in this video, which is about

State-Owned Enterprises or BUMN and

regional-owned enterprises or

BUMD, we discuss the first part of

the definition of

BUMN State-Owned Enterprises or BUMN

is an economic juridical entity

whose capital is wholly or partly

owned by the state through

direct participation originating from

state assets with the aim of

seeking profit so from here we

can understand that this BUMN is a

business entity whose capital, either in the form of

capital in the form of money or capital in

the form of shares, is partly or wholly

owned by

the state, so the purpose of the formation of

this BU in order

to seek

profit then we will discuss

about What are the characteristics of Bu UMN

first its business is to help the

government's tasks here we can understand

that this BUMN was formed in order

to help the government's tasks for example the

government's tasks in terms of

oil then the name Pertamina will be formed

like that or maybe the

government's tasks in the form of ee for example

the distribution of electricity ee then PLN was formed

so eh these two business entities were formed

in order to help the

government's tasks the second was formed

based on statutory regulations and

applies and must be owned and managed

by the government so this BUMMN was formed

based on statutory regulations

so the business entity was formed there must be a

law that regulates it it

applies and is managed and owned by

the government as a whole so

then it was formed to implement

certain government policies or

strategic ones So the point is that

this BUMN was formed in order to

implement government policies that

help the government's tasks or things

that are strategic so

in this case this BUMN was formed

to help eh the government's tasks earlier

yes with the policies

made by the government then BUMN

was formed with the aim of protecting

the safety and welfare of the community

so theoretically this BUMN was

formed in order to protect the

safety and welfare of the

community then its business is

commercial So apart from providing

services to the

business community in

BUMN is also

commercial in nature next is the role of

BUMN in the Indonesian economy what are

its roles first BUMN provides

services to the needs of the community especially

those concerning the livelihoods of many people

so this BUMN was formed in order

to meet the needs of the livelihoods of

many people second BUMN can prevent the

possibility of monopoly by the

private sector so with the existence of BUMN then

eh can prevent the possibility of

monopoly activities by the private sector

imagine if the

electricity distribution was managed by the private sector what

would happen to

our society so with the existence of BUMN which is indeed

managed by the state then for example there is

assistance provided by

the government to the poor

for example electricity subsidies oil subsidies

and others so then BUMN

as a source of state revenue so it is

clear to me that the activities

carried out by BUMN with its

commercial activities generate revenue

for the state because we know that

one of the sources of state revenue

is B

UMN profits then the fourth is expanding

employment and reducing

unemployment so it is clear that this BU was

formed in order to

expand employment so that the

ee community can work so that

unemployment can be

reduced then BUMN contributes to

national economic growth so it is

clear yes with the existence of ee BUMN

people can work and then generate

income so it is hoped there is an

increase in

economic growth next to become a stabilizer

[Applause]

our economy continues what are the

forms of

BUMN based on law number 19

of 2023 article 9 BUMN is generally

divided into two first is called

Perum or general company second

is Persero or limited liability company

but in previous years we

also know the name of state-owned company

or perjan so in general yes

actually there are three types ee form of BUMN

but based on law number

ee Number 19 of 2003 there are only two

namely Perum and Persero okay the first

is state-owned company or perjan

this state-owned company or perjan

is a form of state-owned company

which is part of a

Department well What is an example of a

perjan for example is eh

perjan Pegadaian yes because we know

that in

1991 Bu MN which was in the form of a perjan

was changed to Perum which was previously called

eh perjan Pegadaian then became

Perum Pegadaian which has now

become PT yes or has become

Persero then there is also PT eh

previously

PTKI its name was eh PJKA

railway company Change to PT KAI

So what are the characteristics of a

state-owned company?

First, its employees have the status of

civil servants, so people who work

in e perjan are civil servants,

then profits and losses are the

responsibility of the government because it is

already

part of the Department, so

then the third, the main objective

is

to serve the interests of the general public,

so the main objective of the perjan was formed

is in order to provide

services to the

public, fourth, it is under

the Department of the Director General or the relevant regional government, so

for example, if we

brought up the e Kai perjan, yes, for the Kai

perjan, yes, it could be under the e

Department of Transportation, yes, or the Ministry of

Transportation, so then the capital and

financing of the company are included in

the APBN and are the rights of the relevant Department,

so the capital and financing of the perjan

are in the APBN, so it has

indeed been budgeted in the APBN for

eh perjan a perjan b for example, so

then finally perjan has and

obtains facilities from the

state, then what are the advantages

of perjan?

First, it handles important fields

that control the lives of many people,

so indeed overall in the

APB in BUMN

that companies or business entities

in BUMN do handle fields that

control the lives of many people, so the

second advantage of the purpose of perjan

The main thing is to provide services

so it is specifically for the Perjan, the

main goal is to provide services

to the general public and the third

Perjan, the capital is guaranteed because it

has been budgeted in

the APBN. Next is the weakness of

Perjan, first, there is often

waste so it is because the capital is

large budgeted in the APBN. Second, it

often becomes a

group tool so it is indeed

in a power that

politicization is indeed ee difficult to

separate so that if there is a loss then the

state will bear the loss. Yes, it is

clear because the capital is from the

state so if Perjan loses then

the state will lose so then there is a

lack of independence

next, a public company or Perum, a

public company is a state company

engaged in the field of

public service business whose capital

comes entirely from the state and is separated from

the APBN so ee based on Law

Number 19 of 2003 concerning

state-owned enterprises, it is necessary to have the objective of

conducting business aimed

at

public benefit in the form of providing quality goods and services

at

affordable prices for the community, this is

based on ee the principle of healthy management

Well, for Perum, this is

part of a BUMN whose capital

comes entirely from the state,

but is separate from

the APBN, different from Perjan, if Perjan is

included in APBN But

if it is for a forum, it is separate from the APBN,

what is an example of a Perumul and Perumri forum in

the field of transportation, then what are the

characteristics of Perum ee? First, its

main nature is to provide services

to the community, yes, or serve the

interests of the general public, so the

main goal of Perum is to continue to provide

services, second, Perum's business sector is

generally engaged in

services that are vital, yes,

for example, in ee activities related

to food, then Buluk will

work, then in Perum

related to Transportation,

it is Damri, then the third has the

status of a legal entity and is regulated

by law, so Perum

must have the status of a

legal entity and there must be a law

that

regulates it, then the capital is entirely

owned by the state but is separate from state

assets, so capital from the state

but is separate from state assets

or separate from the APBN, then

led by a board of directors, yes, so

ee, the structure is ee from the Minister,

then there are directors and there is a

supervisory board for Perum, then

Perum employees have the status of

state company employees, then What are the advantages of

Perum? First, it handles

important business fields, yes, according to what

we mentioned earlier, so Perum eh

handles

vital fields, so the second aims

provide services to the community

while seeking profit so the

difference between perjan and um if

perjan focuses only on service

while for per there are two

first providing service second

also seeking

profit third all capital

belongs to the government both central and

regional government for Perum could be the

capital from the central government

or Perum which EE has which is

owned by the

region next compared to

perjan the forum works more efficiently

besides focusing on providing service there

is also ee seeking profit of course to

seek profit that service

is better service like that

and the

last the status of the employee is an

employee of a

state company next What are the weaknesses of the

first forum there is still

waste or inefficiency because

there is no competition eh ee company rivals

like that So ee because the capital is still

from the state and moreover there are no

competitors yes there is still

waste in certain things like that

second often becomes a political tool of

groups so indeed things

like this eh Can't be avoided like that well

then third ifum

loses then the loss is the state that

bears the loss because the

capital comes from the

state next the third is Persero

or limited liability company Persero is a

form of

BUMN whose capital is divided into shares

which are all or At least 51% of

its shares are owned by the

Indonesian government and its main objective is

to pursue profits according to

Law Number 19 of 2003

concerning State-Owned Enterprises, the

establishment of this Persero aims to

provide high-quality goods and services

and strong competitiveness and

pursue profits to increase

the value of the company so we can understand

here that the difference with others

if specifically for Persero the goal is

only one, namely teaching profits Well

what are the characteristics of

Persero first its status is in the form of a

limited liability company regulated

by law so generally

Persero is a company that has been in the

form of PT yes so BUMN that has been in the form of

PT automatically is Persero

second its capital is in the form of shares

different from the previous two If

for perjan with Perum it is still in the form of

funds in the form of money

while for Persero or which has been in the

form of PT this capital is in

the form of

shares third part or all of

its capital is owned by the state from

separated state assets yes this is the

same as eh Persero then the

Persero organization is

GMS directors and commissioners

if earlier for Perum this is from the

Minister yes then there are directors there is a

board of supervisors while for

Persero RPS or general meeting of

shareholders as what is it called uh the

highest power in the company then the

directors who run the company and the

commissioners who are the term to be uh the

supervisor of the company then the GMS

Acts as the highest power in the

company then does not

get Dar facilities from the state yes

meaning it is Independent then the

main goal is to obtain or generate

profits so these are the characteristics of

Persero Next what are the advantages and

disadvantages of Persero first the advantage

is seeking profit second

providing services to the community yes

so the main goal is still ee

seeking profit but there is also a pel

to the community second the

founding capital comes from part or

all of the state assets which are

separated in the form of

[Applause]

shares so this is the difference

between the two other Bun companies

then what are the

weaknesses first it does not

get facilities from the state the

second employees are private employees and

other market companies

so next we will discuss the advantages

and disadvantages of

BUMN first in terms of the

advantages of leading branches that

control the lives of many people so

indeed BUMN is intended for things

or needs that are in nature

control the lives of many people and

people feel important with eh

these goods so second the

capital comes from state assets

so The continuity of the business is guaranteed,

yes So for e in the field of capital

Indeed, overall the work of Peru

and Persero is the capital

comes from the state so in terms of

business tactics it is guaranteed to run smoothly

then the third business gets

support from the state because as a

source of state revenue or income it is

clear yes In accordance with our words

earlier that the business is because it

is a state asset, it

will automatically get support from the state

then the first weakness is that it

creates a monopoly on vital assets

so When a BUMN or company

controls one and there are no

competitors, a monopoly will arise

secondly business development is

hampered ee because of the many

binding rules yes so eh according to the

existing provisions there are

laws and regulations

automatically there will be many rules in

business development Then some sectors get

thin profits or even losses

because of limited management of

production factors and restrictions on

laws so in Bun it means

not all ee things can be managed

even though things are very

vital because there are restrictions by

law

Okay next we discuss BUMD or

regionally owned enterprises, this is a

company established and owned

by the regional government with capital or most

or all of its capital

by the

regional government which its activities always try to

fulfill the needs of the community,

for example PDAM or e Drinking Water Company,

yes, regional Then e regional bank,

yes, Bank, Regional Development Bank, so

this is a form of regionally owned business goods

and so on,

next is the role of

BUMD, the role of Bud, the first is to

increase the growth of the

regional economy, especially the national economy

in

general, the second is the source of

regional income So it is almost the same as the state, yes,

if

BUMN is revenue for the state, if BUMD

is revenue for the region

Then the third is to open

employment opportunities so that it absorbs labor and

can reduce unemployment So it is

almost the same, yes, with BUMN, then the

fourth is to fulfill the needs of the community,

so

between BUMD and

BUMN, the role is almost the same, only the

category is different, one is

national scope, the second

is for the

region, then the advantages and

disadvantages of BUMD, first is the advantage of

BUMD, economic activities carried out

to serve the public interest So BUMD,

this BUMD was formed in order to

fulfill the public interest, second,

its capital comes from regional wealth, yes,

not the state, yes, sorry, this is regional wealth

Then if it

suffers a loss, the regional government

itself will bear

the loss, then the status of its employees is

regulated by government or

regional regulations, so the status of people who work

in BUMD is as

ee regional employees regulated by

regional government regulations, yes or

Regional regulations then obtain facilities from the

region Sorry yes from this region yes

obtain facilities from the region

Then next is the weakness of

BUMD what is the weakness of BUMD first

BUMD management is less efficient so that it

experiences losses clearly yes if

BUMD management is less efficient Then

automatically e in the end yes will

experience losses Okay that's all for now

in this video we will continue

again in the

next meetings If there are any ee misconceptions

or maybe different opinions with

all friends please type in the

comments column Thank you

Assalamualaikum warahmatullahi

wabarakatuh