Sistem Transpor Elektron (STE)

Then energy in the form of NADH and FADH that cannot be used by the body will enter the next stage namely the electronic system transfer Assalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh Hi, fellow learners, how are you today? I hope you are always healthy and keep up the spirit, yes? Back again on the channel of Biologi Asik with me, Ibu Leni Tina Marlinda

In this video, we are still discussing about aerobic respiration, which is the last stage of the electron transfer system. Let's get into the material. The electron transfer system is also called oxidative phosphorylation. This is the fourth or last stage of the aerobic respiration process.

Different from the previous two stages, namely decarboxylation oxidative and cyclus scrap that occur in the mitochondrial matrix, the electron transfer system occurs in the mitochondrial membrane. Basically, in STD, this is the stage of the change of NADH and FADH to ATP. So our body,

cannot use energy other than ATP. Therefore, other forms of energy produced in the previous stages, such as glycolysis, oxidative decarboxylation, and cyclo-scrapes, must be changed first to ATP, only then can it be used by the body.

Maybe it can be analogized as the money changer of energy in the cell So later 1 NADH when entering the SDA it will be changed to 3 ATP while 1 FADH will be valued at 2 ATP So the total result later

The energy produced from ST is 34 ATP. So if there is a question, the largest energy that is obtained from the aerobic breathing stage is obtained from the electron transfer system. Because from here we get 34 ATP. Besides ATP, here H2O will also be produced.

At this stage, the oxygen that we breathe from the air will be used to catch the last electron. This is the complete process. Once again, STA occurs in the membrane in the mitochondria. We see that the mitochondria has two membranes. There is an outer membrane, which is brown.

Then there is a dark membrane, this is the milk chocolate color Then between the outer membrane and the dark membrane, there is an intermembrane space Then in the dark membrane, in the dark membrane, there is a mitochondrial matrix Okay, let's enlarge the mitochondrial membrane, it looks like this So this is the inner mitochondrial membrane, the mitochondrial membrane

It is the form of the bilayer phospholipid. So there is a phosphate, this is round, then there is a lipid as the tail and consists of two layers, so it is called bilayer. Among the phospholipids, there is an integral protein. There is a set of protein 1, protein 2, 3,

4. Then there is also a protein complex that is specifically for printing ATP, called ATP synthase. This is the matrix part, so this one is pink, pink Sunda, this is called the mitochondrial matrix. Then this part above it is the intermembrane space.

So, starting with NADH, it will stick to the protein complex 1. When it sticks to the protein complex 1, NADH will be divided into NAD + + H. The NAD will remain in the mitochondrial matrix as the basic material for the formation of NADH again, while the H+ will be pumped

by the integral protein to the intermembrane space while the electron brought by NADH will be transported from one protein complex then continued to the coenzyme Q then continued again to the third protein complex in the third protein complex

Once the electron reaches here, it will release the protein complex again, pumping 1 H ion. Then, it is thrown back to the cytochrome C, then to the protein complex 4, and here it is pumped back to 1 H ion plus, towards the intermembrane. Next, this electron will come out of

the integral protein to the mitochondrial matrix and when it reaches the mitochondrial matrix again this electron will be caught by oxygen as the last electron receiver which will later bind with the H2O-shaped ion so from 1 NADH it will produce 3 H ions

1, 2, 3 This H ion will enter the ATP synthesis to the mitochondrial matrix. As soon as each H ion enters the ATP synthesis,

then the energy used by ADP is released to bind the phosphate to form ATP once again when there is an ion H that enters the ATP synthesis then the energy released will be used to bind

Phosphate by ADP becomes ATP. It means the more H ions that enter this synthesis ATP, the more energy generated will be greater. Because 1 NADH

This releases three ions H, one, two, three, then three ATP. While one FADH, which releases two ions H, then when two ions H enter the synthesis ATP, will produce two ATP.

Therefore, it is assumed that 1 NADH is equal to 3 ATP and 1 FADH is equal to 2 ATP.

For more details, let's count together the total energy amount obtained from the aerobic respiration by using the following image. The total ATP amount obtained through aerobic respiration. So, aerobic respiration is the respiration that needs oxygen. This respiration

through four stages, namely glycolysis, then decarboxylation oxidative or DO, cyclo scrap and electron transfer system. The basic material is glucose that we obtain from the food process. Glucose will enter the first stage, namely glycolysis.

In the glycolysis stage, glucose is converted into two pyruvate acids, resulting in two ATP and two NADH. Two pyruvate acids will enter the next stage, namely the second stage of oxidative decarboxylation. In this second stage,

the acid pyruvate will be converted into acetyl CoA. In addition to producing acetyl CoA, in the DO process, 2 NaDH and 2 CO2 are also produced. Next, acetyl CoA will enter the Krebs cycle.

In the cycle scrap, Acetyl-CoA will be captured by Oxaloacetate and will be converted into several other forms of acid while later it will be transformed into energy from the process of converting the acid. The result is 2 ATP, then 6 NADH, and 2 ADH.

and 4 CO2. Energy in the form of NADH and FADH, which are obtained from these three stages, will enter the fourth stage, namely the electron transport system.

In STA, 1 NADH will be changed or changed to 3 ATP. So if there are 2 NADH, how many ATP are produced? 2 times 3, which is 6 ATP. Why is there 4? It should be 6. Remember that

The glycolysis process occurs in the cytoplasm for the eukaryotic organism, while the STA occurs in the mitochondria. So to transport NADH from the cytosol to the mitochondria, it requires a dose of 2 ATP. So the clean result now remains 4, 6 minus 2.

The result is 4 ATP. Then 2 NADH which is produced from the oxidative decarboxylation stage enters the STD and is changed to 6 ATP. 2 x 3. The most NADH is produced from the third stage, namely the Siklus Kreb.

When it enters the STD, 6 NADH will be changed to 18 ATP, 6 times 3, 18 ATP. Meanwhile, 1 FADH will be valued at 2 ATP. In the cycle scrap stage, 2 FADH are obtained, enter the STD, and changed to 4 ATP.

then the number of ATP produced from the electron transfer system is 34 - 2 for the eukaryotic organism, which is 32 ATP. Meanwhile, for the prokaryotic organism, the number remains, which is 34 ATP. In addition to the ATP formation process,

In STA there is also a H2O formation process or a water vapor. Here there is oxygen, so the oxygen that we inhale from the breathing process is only used in this fourth stage. It acts as the last electron receiver, so it is called the last acceptor, the last electron receiver. Next, the electron

will be linked to the H ion in the form of H2O so we can see that ATP is 4 directly absorbed by the so-called post-polythene level of the substrate 2 ATP is absorbed at the stage of glycolysis then 2 ATP is also absorbed at the stage

Sikus krebs, there are four. Meanwhile, from the electron transport system stage, 32 ATP is obtained. So the total ATP that we obtain from one glucose molecule if we do aerobic respiration, meaning by using oxygen, is 36 ATP.

That's our material in this learning video. Hopefully it can be understood and useful. If there is anything that is not clear about this material, please write it in the comments column. Thank you for your attention. See you in the next learning video. Wassalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh.