Hakikat Ilmu Sains dan Metode Ilmiah (Kelas 7 SMP)

Hello, welcome back to the Hyeriana Ana channel. Today we will learn about the facts of science and scientific methods for Ipah class 7 SMP. Watch carefully.

The purpose of today's learning, among others, first explains the facts and branches of science, secondly, mentions the functions of the laboratory and its tools, thirdly, mentions the steps of scientific methods, and fourthly, arranges a report of simple trial results. Let's start with what is science? Science is the science of knowledge that studies the nature and signs that occur in it systematically and logically.

Science helps humans understand various natural phenomena and develop technology for everyday life. Science is around us, starting from the human body, plants, animals, electricity,

light, weather, and space. Some of the science branches that we learn for the level of junior high school, among them, the first is the science branch, namely biology. In biology, we study living beings such as humans, animals, plants, to microbes or microorganisms. For biology, there are many branches of science, including zoology, which studies animals,

botany learning plants entomology learning insects

anatomy studies human body structure physiology studies body organs function cytology studies structure and function of cells genetics studies the heritage of nature evolution studies the changes in species microbiology studies very small living beings that cannot be seen by ordinary eyes bacteriology studies about bacteria

virology learning about viruses and there is also mycology learning about mushrooms. Well, besides the branches of science in the form of biology, there is also the second one, physics, learning natural phenomena, energy, motion, light, electricity. Examples of branches in physics, among others, there are mechanical branches that learn the movement of objects, power,

and also energy under Newton's law. Then there is thermodynamics to learn temperature, heat and the change of the body of matter.

Optics studies about light, glasses, or lenses. And electromagnetism studies about electricity and also magnets. Well, besides the Department of Biology and the Department of Physics, there are other branches that are included in the Department of Science. And also studied at the level of the SMP. Among them, there is the Department of Chemistry that studies

matter, matter nature, matter change, and also chemical reactions. Next, there is geology, which studies the structure and changes of the earth. There is ecology, which studies the relationship between living and environmental creatures, and discusses pollution, climate change, and environmental sustainability. And there is another branch of science, namely astronomy, which studies the objects of the sky and the universe, such as planets, stars, comets, asteroids,

We also learn about the temple. Well, next we will learn about scientists and their findings. Scientists are people who study science to understand, answer scientific questions, find new things, and create useful technology.

Some examples of scientists from abroad include Albert Einstein who formulated the theory of relativity, then the basis of GPS and nuclear energy findings. Next is Thomas Edison who invented the ball of the light bulb.

There is also Isaac Newton who specifies about Newton's law of motion and Earth's gravity. There is also Galileo Galilei who found the telescope and observation of the solar system. Well, in addition to the scientists from abroad, there are also many scientists in Indonesia that we must know. Among them is B.J. Habibie who found the theory of the crash of an airplane

in aircraft construction then there is Hoyrul Anwar in 4G LTE basic technology there is Josephat Sumantyo who found satellite remote sensing radar technology then there is Terry Mart doing particle and nuclear physics research

and there is also Bambang Widyatmoko, which is the founder of laser technology development in Indonesia. Actually, there are many more scientists, whether from abroad or from Indonesia, not only those in this material. You can learn it yourself later.

Okay, let's continue to the subject of IPA Laboratories. IPA Laboratories are special rooms where scientific experiments are carried out to observe, test, and prove the concepts of science.

In the IPA laboratory, the equipment is equipped with experimental tools that are used for direct practice and must follow the safety rules of work. The following are the tools of the laboratory. There are measuring glasses, chemical glasses, Erlenmeyer tubes, reaction tubes, microscope, probe, hardener, digital hand, pipette test, and thermometer.

Other tools can be found in the laboratories of each school. To maintain safety in the laboratory, things to be taken into account are: Use protective glasses and laboratory glasses Follow the teacher's instructions or trial instructions

wash your hands before and after the experiment and use the tools carefully and according to the function. In addition to the things that must be done, there are also things that should not be done in the laboratory such as joking when practicing, eating and drinking in the laboratory,

direct the hot reaction to the friend and also handle chemicals randomly. That's not allowed. Next, we will learn about the scientific method. The scientific method is a way used by scientists to obtain

knowledge systematically. Systematically means that it must be through structured or orderly steps. Well, the steps in the scientific method, among them, the first is to do an observation or observation. Usually, this observation or observation uses the pancaindra. Before the second stage, which is to arrange hypotheses, we must first summarize the problem.

to summarize the problem by making specific and directed questions based on the results of observation. Usually, the problem formula is words of questions. It can use what words, why, or

Next, after doing the observation to the problem, the second is to arrange a hypothesis. Hypothesis is a temporary judgment, meaning we give a temporary answer to the problem of research that the truth must be tested first by collecting data in a timely manner.

and must also be tested using experiments or trials. Next, after we make a hypothesis, the third is to plan the experiment or trial. After planning, we do the experiment and after doing the experiment,

The next step is to collect and present data. The data we get can be presented using tables, graphics, or diagrams. Next, the last step is to draw conclusions. This conclusion means we answer the previous hypothesis. Is the hypothesis we make already appropriate or not?

Next, we will learn about the variables in the scientific experiment. Variables are things that can change in the scientific experiment. There are three types of variables here. There are free variables, bound variables, and control variables. Free variables are variables or things that are deliberately changed

or manipulated by the researcher. While the bound variable is a variable that can be observed or measured as a result of the change of free variables.

and there is another variable control. Variable control is a variable that is made to keep the test results more accurate. In science, there is a measuring process, namely the activity of comparing a size with a certain unit. In physics,

There are 7 main sizes that children must remember, including length, time, temperature, electricity current strength, number of wires and also light intensity. These 7 main sizes have an international system unit, have a sign and have a measuring instrument. For length, an international system unit is a meter,

The symbol is M and the measuring instrument can be a ruler or a meter. For time, the international system unit is kilograms, the symbol is KG and the measuring instrument is a scale or a scale. For time, the international system unit is seconds or seconds, the symbol is S and the measuring instrument can use a clock or stopwatch.

For temperature, the international system unit is Kelvin with the symbol K and the measuring instrument is a thermometer. For the power supply unit, the international system unit is Ampere with the symbol A and the measuring instrument is Ampere-meter.

For the quantity of rays, the unit is mol, the symbol is also mol, but for this quantity of rays there is no special measuring instrument, you have to use a chemical calculation. And for the intensity of light, the unit is candela, labeled CD, and the measuring instrument is luxmeter or photometer.

After doing the experiment, then do the process of arranging the experiment report. In arranging the experiment report, the steps are to make the title, purpose, tools and materials, work steps, results can be in the form of tables or graphics, and analysis, also conclusions. Our material is finished, thank you and see you.