Escenificación de la Proclama de la Independencia del Perú por los Estudiantes Sir Fleming
Students from Sir Fleming reenact Peru’s independence proclamation, showing the colonial repression, San Martín’s campaign from Chile, failed negotiations with royalists, and the July 28, 1821 declaration of freedom.
The performance condenses centuries of contested history into a student-readable narrative that clarifies how Peruvian independence was declared rather than simply won in battle.
Section summaries
A student authority figure declares that indigenous people tried to expel Spaniards and that royal order now forbids Inca clothing and Quechua, with threats of relocation for resisters. The scene closes by stating an era of struggle ends as rebels are told to advance, framing early resistance as suppressed but seeding later revolt.
- Royal decree banned Inca dress and Quechua as tools of control
- Rebels were threatened with forced removal to set examples
Establishes the oppression narrative central to the performance
The narration says highland leaders Túpac Amaru and Pedro Vilca were captured and executed by royalist trickery, frightening the king. San Martín in Chile awaits General Cochrane’s Peru intel; Chile is free but Peru remains the indispensable target. Music cuts in as he prepares to depart based on Cochrane’s information.
- Túpac Amaru and Vilca executed after royalist deception
- San Martín deemed Peru essential after Chile’s independence
Links Andean uprisings to the liberation campaign’s origin
Cochrane’s favorable reports prompt San Martín to launch the great work of liberty; on September 8, 1820 his army of Argentines and Chileans lands at Pisco. A tired San Martín worries about success while a subordinate prepares the army and provisions are confirmed ready by the admiral.
- Landing at Pisco occurred September 8, 1820
- Forces included Argentine and Chilean troops
Shows the expedition’s concrete start point and composition
The flag colors representing Peru’s independence appear at sea; the first flag is noted around October 21. San Martín’s arrival surprises Viceroy Pezuela, who vows to negotiate with the general; a September 24, 1820 meeting is set to discuss recognition.
- Peruvian flag symbol introduced after landing
- Viceroy Pezuela caught off guard and sought talks
Useful for symbolism but not critical to the proclamation arc
At the September 24, 1820 meeting San Martín demands recognition of Peru as independent; Pezuela refuses and offers the 1812 liberal constitution, which San Martín rejects as identical. No agreement is reached and tensions continue between realists and patriots in Huaura.
- Pezuela offered 1812 constitution as compromise
- San Martín rejected it and withdrew with consequences warned
Explains why independence advanced without royalist accord
Royalists gain Numancia Battalion support while patriots advance; a May 4, 1821 meeting again fails as San Martín cites popular liberty and Pezuela refuses. Facing montoneros, the viceroy retreats from Lima to the sierra on July 12, 1821, leaving the capital critical before San Martín’s incognito entry.
- Second negotiation on May 4, 1821 also failed
- Viceroy abandoned Lima to sierra on July 12, 1821
Directly precedes the occupation of Lima by patriots
San Martín enters Lima incognito on July 12, 1821 and is cheered; a Cabildo is called by the alcalde, and on July 15 the archbishop, Castile titles, and San Marcos scholar José de Arce with Manuel Pérez de Tudela draft the independence act after a vibrant speech. The act opens the door to desired liberty.
- Open Cabildo on July 15 drafted independence act
- Arce and Pérez de Tudela named as act redactors
Identifies the institutional step before the proclamation
Crowds sign the act crying independence; on Saturday July 28 San Martín rides with the Marqués de Montemira and from a balcony with Lima dignitaries holds the pabellón and declares Peru free by the will of the peoples and justice of its cause, ending with vivas. Music fills the procession and balcony scene.
- Public signing followed by July 28 balcony proclamation
- San Martín declared freedom using the pabellón before dignitaries
The title event and conclusive moment of the reenactment
Key points
- Colonial repression sparked rebellion — A royal order in the skit bans Inca clothing and Quechua speech, threatening rebels with removal, which the students tie to uprisings led by Túpac Amaru and Pedro Vilca after deception and execution by royalists.
- San Martín’s campaign was intelligence-led — San Martín in Chile waits for General Cochrane’s reports on Peru’s vulnerability, then lands at Pisco on September 8, 1820 with Argentine and Chilean forces after learning conditions were favorable.
- Negotiations with royalists failed twice — Meetings on September 24, 1820 and May 4, 1821 between San Martín and Viceroy Pezuela produced no agreement despite a liberal constitution offer, leaving both armies tense in Huaura.
- Popular acclaim finalized independence — After San Martín entered Lima incognito on July 12, 1821 and a Cabildo Abierto on July 15 drafted the act, he proclaimed Peru free from a balcony on July 28 with the pabellón in hand.
“Así que ahora por orden real se prohíbe el uso de ropas de los incas hablar en quechua” — Student portraying colonial authority
“voy a emprender la Grande obra de libertad al Perú” — Student portraying San Martín
AI-generated from the transcript. May contain errors.
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