Metodologi Penelitian - Merumuskan Judul, Menentukan Desain, dan Membuat Laporan Penelitian

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how is the mindset in the research. Then we have also learned about the domains of learning. Then we have also discussed various methods that we can use in research. Then

we have also learned about the design of research. Today we will enter into a more specific, more technical topic, which is to summarize the title, determine the theme, then summarize the title, the title of the research, then the systematic research in the environment

the program of the University of Jakarta's Language and Literature Education. I will share the screen. Have you seen it? Yes sir.

Today we will discuss how to summarize the title of research, then the systematics of research, and the last is the objectivity of research. Let's go to the first part. In the arrangement of scientific writing, in this case the script that you will later

finish it at the end of your study period, in the 8th semester, and the small steps have started from now. So the first step you need to do is determine the topic. After that, determine the theme or purpose. And at the same time, you make a framework.

After the topic is determined, the purpose is already there, then the framework is already there, you start collecting data, processing it, arranging data, then writing scientific work.

and how to present the scientific writing or script, usually using paragraph development, of course you have learned about paragraph development, that is, the most commonly used paragraphs are exposition, then description paragraphs, and also argumentation paragraphs. Because these three things are the characteristics of

paragraphs in the scientific writing, describing according to the facts, then giving detailed illustrations, and presenting arguments. Next, the steps to arrange a scientific work start by determining the topic. The topic will later become a theme, the theme is then summarized with the title,

then set the goal that wants to be achieved from that research. From this goal, the problem that will be discussed can be summarized, the aspects that are studied, as well as data sources and data collection techniques, what will you do in the research process.

What is the topic? The topic is the puzzle, the life of the mind, the question. It is important to remember when you are looking for a topic in the research, the script later, make sure it is problematic. So there is a problem there. There is one thing that there is a gap between the saint and the solent that we have discussed before. Then interesting and important.

Make sure that the topic you raise is an interesting, factual, and current thing. Then limited, meaning there is a focus that you will complete there in your research. So not in the Javanese language, it's a big deal or spread out everywhere. Next,

the topic that is given a purpose will become the theme. So the theme is the topic that is given a purpose. For example, the topic is about writing skills. The topic is writing skills. What is the purpose of this writing skill? The purpose is to improve the writing skills of students.

That becomes the theme. Then what topic do you want to discuss?

the ability to write, the ability to write students by applying the quantum writing method. So the use of the quantum writing method in the effort to improve the ability to write students. This has become a theme, so the theme has become more prominent from the topic that was more common.

What is the purpose? When you set a goal, it will be related to the method and design of research. This is what we discussed last week. For example, your research design will be qualitative, so it usually tends to get in-depth understanding. So the purpose is writing skills, the topic is writing skills. The purpose is to get in-depth understanding of the process

how to apply the quantum writing method, then the design of the research is qualitative. Then the topic of writing skills, what is the writing skill? We want to find a relationship or influence between variables related to writing skills.

For example, what are the variables there? There are the variables of learning strategies or learning methods. Quantum writing is about what? About the learning results of writing skills. So the research design is quantitative. What topic do you want to be in? We want to do an experiment to find out or get the most effective learning method.

then the research or research design will be quantitative or action-research. Then the last one,

Oh, writing skills. We want to make a product or a model development related to improving or improving writing skills. Facilitate students to develop their writing skills. So it's made into a product, a model. Then the design of research is a model development. This topic becomes a theme, the theme will actually be related to our research design.

Then after we have a theme, we need to summarize the title. The title requirement is first, it is not multiple, at least there are two variables.

not provocative in its language, and it contains the word operational, meaning it can be quantified. Because the work of the writer of the science is one of the characteristics is that it is quantified. For example, I want to plant a tree,

the distance between one tree is not how far, not how close. This is not research. If it is research, it must be quantified. I planted a tree, the distance between one tree and another tree is one meter. The distance between one test and another test in the writing learning process is in how many weeks. So there is a measurement and reporting in our scientific research.

Then interesting, brief, dense, depicting content. Different from literature, if the titles of literature can be different from the content. For example, there is a title, "Naskah tentang Layar Terkembang" or there is a novel entitled "Layar Terkembang" but it turns out that the content of the novel does not tell about a screen

which is developing, but tells about a romance, love. Okay, my voice is still heard, right? Still sir. Still following, right? Thank you sir. The title is the theme that is given clarification. So the theme, the topic that is given the purpose to be the theme, the theme that is given the clarification becomes the title.

Okay, now let's look at the title examples. I think if you want to find various examples, please open the repository in our department, in the PBSI department. Later check the UIN Jakarta PBSI repository. So you can see the titles of your senior students who have completed their studies at PBSI.

Or you can do it or see the repository of other different campuses. Of course in the same class. This is an example of the title. The title is with a different research design, but the topic and theme can be similar. We want to discuss quantum writing, writing learning,

with qualitative, quantitative, and extra research or R&D. For example, in qualitative research, the title is usually started with the implementation of quantum writing methods in learning to write opinion articles, students, 12th grade, Darunajah School, Jakarta, 2021-2022. This is qualitative research.

But if there are words of influence, usually it's an influence or a relationship. The relationship of the quantum writing method towards learning results, that's already research to connect variables, correlational research, or to find an influence. The words of influence of the quantum writing method towards learning results, that's already a variable Y. So the quantum writing method becomes a variable

independent, then the learning result becomes variable dependent. Or a bound variable, and the quantum method becomes a free variable. It influences the bound variable, or its variable Y.

Then if the form of action research, then the title can be like this, "Evolution of the ability to write opinion articles using quantum writing methods." Why? Because it will describe the cycle. PTK or action research, the design is a cycle. So from cycle to the next cycle, there is an improvement in writing skills.

Meanwhile, the development of the model, maybe the title can be like this, the development of the quantum writing model uses Android-based applications. So there are two things that are being developed here, which are how this quantum writing method is then

made the application based on Android in an effort to facilitate learning to write opinion articles. This is R&D research and development. Remember that the title component of research is first to describe the design of the research used.

Second, describe the variable that is studied or the focus of the study. Usually if there are variable words, the research is quantitative research. If qualitative research tends to use the term focus of research. Then the third, the title component describes the population that we study. And the fourth, describes the location, place, and year of our research.

Let's see the example we took earlier, we took one of the examples in the qualitative research design, the title is "The implementation of the quantum writing method in the study of writing opinion articles for 12th grade students of the Jakarta Narunaja Student Union, the year of study 2021-2022." This application word is

implicitly give an image that our research design process is to observe, observe learning, meaning observation. This observation is a data collection technique in research design with the approach of qualitative research. Because through observation there will be data that is descriptive.

thick description. If he designs quantitative research, the data is numerical numbers, while this data is explanations. So with the word application in this title, he can already implicitly give signals, give

a sign that the research design used in this title is qualitative research design. Then there are variables that are studied or there is a focus on research. There are two here, quantum writing method and learning to write opinion articles.

Then the third, there is a population. So in this title, the population is described. Here the population is called the participants of the 12th class of the Darunaja Jakarta School. Maybe in the 12th class of the Darunaja Jakarta School, there are 9 parallel classes. Later, you can explain in chapter 3

of these 9 parallel classes, which are sampled as certain classes only. This can be done in the third part, we write. But what is clear is in the title, the population that we will study is described or poured into the title.

Then the fourth is the location and place of the research year, because the Darun Najah Jakarta Regency has provided information on the location of the Regency. Here it is no longer necessary to explain the Darun Najah Jakarta Regency in Jakarta, it is not necessary.

enough for the Jakarta University of Education and Education, except for, for example, the school of development of the University of KPPI in Magetan, in Solo, for example, it is allowed, there is no "D" , give information about the location. Then the year of research, the year of research here is there is information about the year in 2021-2022, we saw this earlier,

From the four examples of this title, you can see, there is a design, then the variable, then the information of the population which is blue, then the red one is information about location and time. This is in four different titles. To find themes and topics

your challenge at the beginning is to determine a good theme, topic, and title. So from that we need to know what the strategy is like. The first is we need to plant in our minds, design thinking. If you have learned about critical thinking,

you have learned about design thinking, you will understand that. That everything in this life is by design, will be linked between one aspect and the other aspect of our lives.

So what do we do? We leave the old thinking behind, we try to practice asking questions, and how can we summarize one question correctly. Because the key to acquiring new knowledge is through questions. Remember last week, the great question will lead us to the great answer. Big questions will lead us to big answers.

Then let's practice cultured reading scientific journals. Start reading routinely, how to understand the logic of scientific articles, how to map the research path. Maybe you will find a trail where there is one thing that has never been studied, and it will be your research, and it will be a breakthrough research, because it produces something new.

Then the third is to change your mind. Work in a group. Because humans are

The nature is actually a sociologist. Because I have studied sociology, humans have a natural social nature, which means they are friends, in a group. We avoid the individualistic nature because we cannot live alone. Therefore, we work in a group. When I was in the first year of high school in the 90s,

When we worked on the script, we made a small group. And there we shared resources. Who has this book, share it with that book, with his friends, even help each other. When we were in the field, we had a base camp, there was a

There are only two computers. In the past, it was not like now, all children could have a laptop. And like now, there is an internet network. No. If we want to find literature in the Hindu era, we have to go to the library. Really go to the library.

I myself searched for references until I went to Jogja, to UGM, and also to UIN Jogja at that time to get literature related to my research at that time. And it was helped because we worked together with our friends, working in the group.

when I was still at UNJ, the research culture was quantitative, while my research at that time tried to be different, I tried to study with a qualitative approach, so my friends said, "What are the variables? What are the hypotheses? What are the instruments?" At that time, I was not good at qualitative,

the combination of qualitative and quantitative thinking, so I had to go looking for more accurate literature, because the culture is quantitative, while I was trying to research the research whose paradigm is qualitative. After having enough literature, finally sit together, discuss, change of mind. From there, there are forms of thinking and ideas.

It is important that we change our minds to get ideas and interesting things for us to study. Gather scientific problems, set the most important problem, and propose various solutions. Because research is not only to acquire knowledge, but as Fredly said,

Research is a problem solver, a problem solver, a problem solver in the community. Choose the main solution, then design the research. In the mindset of the research, researchers

they have values ​​that they hold. If your research does not change the paradigm of the public mind, then the research is considered failed. These are people who have a mindset about making breakthrough research. Then make a problem formula that has the potential to change the paradigm of the public mind.

Then successful researchers have large impact research on the community. Usually have a thorough preparation to carry out high-risk experiments and they work seriously. They have a choice, the choice is to work hard or fail.

That's why if you look at it, a few times ago, Dr. Terawan had disappeared and he told that he was busy in his laboratory to find the Nusantara vaccine, which until now turns out to be still a long question.

It means that people who research and want to produce a breakthrough research, they have two choices. The choice is to work hard or they will face failure. Then they will choose to work hard. This is a discussion on summarizing titles. Hopefully you will get the best title and can do research.

with the breakthrough research. Next we will enter the systematics of scientific writing that is in

So, a few times ago there was a comparison of the perception among the professors of PBSI regarding the systematical system of the scientific writing, especially this script, and then how to organize the scientific work. Each consortium will have its own systematics. I have put some of these things in this broadcast that I will present next.

regarding the organization of scientific writing works. The scientific work actually has three major parts. If you want to look at it, there are three major parts. The first is the initial or preliminary components, then the second is the core or body parts, and the third is the final or final components or components.

What are the initial components? The initial components include the title page, the pre-word or the word of the sender, the sari or the abstract, the list of contents, the list of tables, the list of images, and also the list of appearances.

So later in your description there is a cover, there is a cover of the petition, there is an addition, if it is finished, the description will have a cover of the petition. If you want to submit the title of the proposal, there will be a cover of the agreement, the agreement of the leader or the head of the department. Then later there is a letter of declaration of your own work in the material, that your written work is

non-plagiarism, meaning your ideas are non-plagiarism. If the certainty is maybe below 20% for plagiarism tolerance or similarity, similarity with other writings. Because with consideration, 20% is the composition of chapter 2. So chapter 2 contains 20% of the whole

our scientific writing works. Then the core or the part of the script, whatever the core is, the first is the preliminary part, chapter 1, the second chapter 2, theory, then chapter 3, research methodology.

And there are 4 chapters, findings and discussions, as well as chapter 5, the closing. Chapter 1, Preliminary, what is the content? The content is the background of the problem, the identification of the problem, the limitation of the problem, the summary of the problem, the purpose of the study, the benefits of the study. Then in chapter 2, theoretical guidelines, there are theories that are used in relevant research.

The third part is the research methodology or research method, which contains the place and time of research, subject and object research, research method that you use, data collection technique, data analysis technique.

while in chapter 4, the meeting and discussion, there will be a profile of a school or a madrasah, because the focus for this study will be in a school or a madrasah. Let's focus on

research in the madrasah because we win, then the second one has a data description, then there is a data analysis, then there is an implication or relevance of the research results, and the last one is the conclusion, conclusion, and advice. Later we will discuss, we will discuss one by one.

Then there is the final complement. This final complement has a list of books, there are illustrations, and there is a biography of the researcher. So there is the identity of the researcher, what is the life story like. Okay, now we go to the initial complement first. We will analyze one by one.

The initial component of the complement, there was a title page, a reference page, this reference page is not mandatory if

he is in the articles, then he doesn't need to use the assignment page like later you guys on the last task to make research proposals there is no need for an assignment page because it is a task, except later the assignment page is used in the scientific writing work as the last task such as the thesis and thesis and the dissertation and there it is signed by

people who are in charge, for example, the head of the department, the leader, the examiner, the dean, and so on. That's the examination page. The title page has two models. The first one is a straight system, straight on the left, usually. Or the system is a bar, the bar is in the middle.

Then there is Abstract. We have two descriptions, namely Indonesian-language Abstract and English-language Abstract.

What is an abstract? An abstract is a problem. It has a purpose, it describes the method and technique of data collection, it has an object of research, and it also has results and conclusions. Then it is translated into one of the international languages, for example English.

Maximum 250 words, single space and only one paragraph, including five keywords. This is an example, abstract. So abstract is a sari.

For example, here we see there are parts, the beginning part from the word "as the times go by and so on until it is played", this is the part about the background. Then this research is intended for and so on is the purpose of the research. Then there is information about what research method is used.

Then there is a data collection technique, there is the result, and there is the conclusion. Then the keyword is included. Let's take a closer look. This is an abstract in English. The first sentence describes chapter 1.

Then the second sentence describes the method. Then the third sentence describes the results and findings. Then the fourth sentence describes the discussion. And the last is the conclusion. This is abstract. Then the next part of the first complement is the preface or the word "pengantar". What is the difference between the preface and the word "pengantar"?

The word is made by the writer, while the word "pengantar" is made by other people who have authority in the field of science and institutions. For example, you study about

research and development in the media, learning. There are others who have authority in the field of science, they give a guide to your book. Then if the preface expresses gratitude, you express your gratitude, the script is finished, then make the background of the problem and the purpose brief, why did you choose this theme,

Then there is a thank you to the parties involved and contributed. This is a preface. Then make an opening to receive advice and criticism that your thesis, your research still needs to be included and fill the hope of the writer. Meanwhile, in the words of the editor, he was made by someone else who has authority in the field of science and the institution.

related to the theme that we study, there are recommendations on the problem, value, benefits, and advantages in the research that you do, and usually written for a book. So the guide words usually appear in the book, and the nature is optional.

Then there are lists. In the initial summary section, there are lists. List of contents, make a list of titles in each chapter, and page numbers. So don't forget to make the lists. If there are tables, make a table list. If there are pictures, make a picture list. Then there is a list of lists.

Usually, the outline is the data that we use in our research. Then we go to the core. In the core, there is a preliminary part, on the background. The background is minimal, at least there are at least 4 paragraphs.

four paragraphs. Why? Because each paragraph will talk about the first topic. If you talk about the background, you can develop the sub-background, maybe inductively or deductively. If deductively, it comes from the topic that is generally first. So the first paragraph talks about the topic. The second paragraph talks about the theme and the cause of the problem.

Then the third paragraph talks about the materials that will later become a problem formula related to the title formula. Then the fourth part is the preliminary research. Previous research can later be

provide information about the actuality and factuality of the theme that you raised. And the function of the background is important. The first is to see the novelty, the innovation of your research. Then the second is the importance of your research. Then the third is the relevance of the issues in the current society.

In the preliminary part, you don't need to show a theory. This is a message from the learning consortium. You don't need to show a theory in the first part. But the content is the importance of the study. Then, strengthen it with data and latest information related to the variable focus of research written. And you use scientific journals as a reference here. This is in the

Then, after the background of the problem, two following factors appear, namely problem identification and problem limitation. After the problem is known, there is a background that causes this problem to appear, then we can identify it. Maybe the problem is that we identify there are several points, for example there are five points.

From those five points, then we only focus on two or three problems, so that it is poured into the next sub, namely problem limitation.

These two things are the details of the aspects that will be studied. From the limitation of the problem, then we summarize it. We summarize it in the next sub-part, namely the problem formula. The problem formula is the form of the sentence. Minimum two questions.

Third, there is the essence of the conversation. The question is usually why, how. This is for the deeper questions. Now, use the question "how" for the first formula. And the question "what" or "why" for the next formula. You only need two or a maximum of three. Because the more problems you throw in here, for example there are five problems, then there will be

There will be five discussions later in chapter 4, because chapter 4 is about answering the problem formula. So it's enough for the description to be one or two questions only. And the first question is how? Started with the question "how?" Next the question "why?" The next sub-chapter in this preface section is to set the research goals.

The purpose of the request must be objective, referring to the problem formula, the amount is in accordance with the problem formula, and there is an operational word.

Writing the purpose starts with the word "to know", to acquire in-depth understanding of what it is. That's the word "operational". Then the number is according to the problem formula. If the problem formula is 2, then the research purpose is also 2, and so on. If the problem formula is 1, then the research purpose is also 1. If the problem formula is 3, then the research purpose is also 3.

You need to understand this. Then the next sub-bub is the benefits of research. There are two benefits. The theoretical benefit is to increase the wealth of knowledge from the themes that you study. And the second is the practical benefit, which means solving problems in the community. That is the benefit of research.

Then the next part is chapter 2, chapter 2 is the theoretical basis. Here it is the opinion of various literatures that you have obtained. We have discussed this in the previous meeting.

You can already estimate what is related to that study. If I'm not mistaken, there are about 44 SKS that you have obtained in the courses related to study. From there, there are so many theories that you have obtained. You just need to map it as we have done before.

Which one of you want to be the foundation of theory? Which one of you want to be the domain to be the eye of your research?

Then in this part of chapter 2, it is the content of the quotation of the theory as our measure, the strength of our argumentation. So our argumentation does not come from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky, from the sky,

Theories based on rationality and empiricism. This will strengthen our argumentation in our research. Then there is a expert opinion there. Previous research. Theories are the result of previous research.

A theory can be a theory unless it has gone through a process, a process that we call scientific methods. At the time of the first meeting, scientific methods, the previous research resulted in a theory.

Then there is the latest survey data, there is a research environment so that we can limit it in any part. So the issue of theoretical analysis is not just understanding, but for example in the arrangement

the research instrument, if your research is quantitative, to produce dimensions, then to produce indicators, there is a theory of study, so the questions that are in your instrument, in your questionnaire,

or the questions that you raised in your interviews, they come from this study environment, this theory study.

and there is general truth, there are arguments and laws, terminology, principles, people will understand what you mean by the variable that you studied. What is it? How is the origin? Where is the limit? Then there are the data.

What you need to remember in this chapter 2 is that after you type the theory, the theory that was there, you have to synthesize it. So you do the synthesis, you elaborate the understanding with your own words, expressing your understanding of reading, of theory.

Then the relevant research, there will be a relevant research section, so after theory, then there is relevant research. The message from this language learning consortium is that the relevant research that is included does not refer to the scientific journal article, but refers to the source of the article. It means it refers to the research directly.

For example, the journal is derived from the research of the script, then you look for the script. The scientific article journal is derived or originated from the thesis, then you look for the thesis or dissertation. Meanwhile, the articles or scientific journals, the sources of the scientific journals, put it on the background of the problem or LBM.

whose function is to strengthen the factual problems that you are studying. Even in this theory section, the relevant research or the previous research directly refers to the research directly, the description directly, the thesis directly, or the dissertation directly. Then remember in this chapter 2, use paraphrases so that

Our similarity can be lower than 20%, which will save you from the wrath of the TURNETIN. The TURNETIN will see the similarity,

How to do it? When typing, there are two types of typing, direct typing and indirect typing. Indirect typing is by paraphrase. Use paraphrase when you are typing a theory. What's the difference if the paraphrase, the expression of someone is changed to

the sentence by using our own words. Then there is simplifying information from the original source. Then there is the supporting material, referring to the source of the writer. Then the next part of this core part is the research method. This research method, later if it is

In PBS, there are several sub-services. The first is the place and time of research, subject and object research, research method, data collection technique, and data analysis technique. Later, if the literature and linguistics consortium will be different again.

There will be specific parts related to literature, specific related to linguistics. In this research consortium, there are places and time of research, subject and object research, research method, data collection techniques, and data analysis techniques. Places and time of research. The first is the address of the madrasah is clear.

Don't use the address of the school, which usually in the learning consortium, the research themes will be on the field, to school or to school. The address is clear, it is poured there, where. Then during the examination, it is written about the name of the month and year. So don't just use the month, without any information about the year. For the date, it doesn't need to be enough months and years. It doesn't need to be said from September 9th to September

January 17, no, but it's enough for September 2021, for example, until July 2022. So when the evaluation is written about the name of the month and year.

The subject and the research object must be clear. There is a demographic, for example, 12th grade students, it must be clear. How many men, how many women, what is the population? So the subject and the research object are given information. What grade are you in? What year are you in?

Then adjust the method to the type of data that needs to be collected. Data collection techniques and data analysis techniques. So adjust. If the method is qualitative, then the data collection is not with instruments, not with surveys, but with observation and interview, data analysis, with data reduction, data coding,

domain analysis, taxonomy analysis, and so on. While if the method is quantitative, then the data collection technique is with a questionnaire. No need to interview, because quantitative research has a distance between the researcher and the one he studies. Data collection with a survey, data analysis technique with statistics, for example.

This is in the research method, so don't get confused anymore. Therefore, it is important that you understand the research design as we discussed last week. So that when you pour it into the script, you are already coherent, already connected. Between the methods, the types of data collected, the collection techniques, the analysis techniques, the flow, etc.

Then the next part of the core is in chapter 4 or the discovery and discussion.

So in the discovery and discussion part, researchers must first look at the problem formula. If there are two problems, then there will be two discussions. There are two major discussions, there are two aspects that will be discussed, because there are two problems. Because the point of the discussion is to answer the problem formula using the steps of analysis that you poured in the third part earlier, in the methodology or in the research method.

There is an alternative to problem solving, the alternative to problem solving appears there. How is your interpretation related to data? You have data, how do you interpret it? Use it to answer

the problem formula, then display the analysis, show the images and graphics so that your research reports are more interesting. Then, in the end, you will reach the part where this will be the material for the conclusion in the closing part. Writing strategy.

When discussing it, the composition is about 60% of your scientific writing, your script, about 50-60% of your scientific writing. So the discussion must be more dominant than the other parts. Therefore,

we need to understand the writing strategy. The first is to use short sentences, so we can avoid the words of Ranjhu, Mubazir, etc. Logical, objective, focused on the topic. Don't let you discuss one topic and then it's random to discuss other topics. If there is a need for explanation,

which then potentially links from the topic, you can use footnotes. Then increase reading, use active words instead of passive words. Avoid words that are offensive.

Then avoid complex sentences. So if the sentence is too long, it will become complex. Majemuk's sentences will become more complex. Avoid the word "rancu" because we understand that

The characteristics of the different languages ​​of science are the mannerisms, according to the mannerisms that occur. Pay attention to that. Then the meaning used is denotative, not connotative. For example, you want to study, Tarmizi is studying the night cups. What is Tarmizi studying? If the night cups are here. If in the festival, rama, sastra, the night cups can mean

A woman who is looking for a way to earn her own living at night. But in the scientific writing, the night owls, Tarmizi is researching the night owls, which means Tarmizi is researching a night owl, a nocturnal animal that lives at night.

Then quantified, as I said earlier, there is a tree that is planted 1 meter, how heavy is it, explained 5 tons, there is a size. So we avoid it in writing scientific writing in section 4, especially because this will be more dominant in our scientific writing.

we avoid the influence of regional languages, influence of foreign languages, we avoid the words that are crude, the structure that is incomplete, pleonasm or idiocy, it has no double meaning or tax, and it is logical and the structure is always parallel.

Because academic writing is concise, clear, and based on research to add knowledge, deductive analysis, the order of the third person, and more formal. Pay attention to the language, vocabulary, words, sentences, paragraphs, and sentences.

Then the last is the closing part. In the closing part there are two parts, there are two sub-parts, namely conclusion and the second is suggestion. The conclusion is taken from the results of the discussion and the answer from the problem formula. And the suggestion is the recommendation of continuous research, also included for related parties or stakeholders. This conclusion is related to the problem formula. If there are two problem formulas, then there are two conclusions.

The conclusion is not to summarize chapter 4, remember that. The conclusion is not to summarize chapter 4, but to answer the problem formula by using your own language. Then the suggestion is related to the conclusion. If the conclusion is two, then the suggestion is also two. So the conclusion is related to the problem formula.

Then suggestions related to conclusions. This shows that your film writing from the beginning, from the title to the closing part is coherent, related, and that's important.

Next is the final supplementary section. In the final supplementary section, there is a list of books that contain reference sources. Include references that appear in your scientific writing. If it doesn't appear, it doesn't really matter. So, references, sources that you use,

in your writing or in the script. Then there is an index, this index makes a list of terms, you get a list of names. Then there is a layout, this layout has a map, maybe there is a table, a picture, a supporting illustration.

or also to show examples of questions, tests, interviews, letters, documents that you get from your research. Then there may also be regulations that if you include in your scientific writing or your description, it will be too long and thick.

And lastly, the life narrative, researcher or writer. So the complete name is there. Who is Tarmizi? Don't just say "Easy", but the complete name. For example, "Kamilah", who is the complete name? Not just "Ilah" or "Kami" or "Siapa". So the complete name is there, the identity, the education narrative, the work, for example.

Or if in this script, at least you mention one of your achievements, there is a photo of you, and the range is around 100-200 words. The form is narration and use a sentence that is a little more relaxed.

Then the research sources or concepts can be from textbooks, from journals, from scientific magazines, or from annual reports, or maybe from short scientific writings, or from reviews of certain literature.

Some people suggest that the library list must be published in the last 10 years. This was discussed in the forum of the lecturer at PBSI about the last 10 years' reference sources. We hold this,

But we still have the opportunity to use books that exceed the last 10 years' edition. Whereas the themes are rarely written. Or if Mr. Ahmad Bahtiar's term is "Babon" book. So you can ask Mr. Ahmad Bahtiar, "Mr. Ahmad Bahtiar, please explain to us about the Babon book." Or books that exceed the last 10 years' edition but they are a reference to the primary.

Then this is how to make a citation, then display the library list. There are various models, there is APA, American Psychological Association, there is a Harvard model, there is a Chicago model, there is MLA, and if I remember correctly,

for PBSG to use the Turabian. Please learn about this citation technique and how to make a journal. There is one thing you can learn using the Mendeley application. I think some of these friends already know about Mendeley. Please learn with your friends and

sharing knowledge. The last is the objectivity of research. Our research is required to be objective. Although our research is diverse, many are qualitative, and qualitative is often said to be a

Subjective, because the researcher himself is the instrument of the researcher, but as a researcher we must always follow our objectivity in research. What is meant by objectivity? Objectivity is the value that is attached to the object we observe. For example, if you look at the picture here, there is a so-called triangulation.

So there is an object across the river, a tree, then observed by several researchers from different angles. From here, we will get two different views, and from these two different views, from the same object, then we make a comparison, we will get an objective value.

This is called objectivity, so later in the methodology or in the research method, there is a name for data credibility or credibility or data accuracy, if in qualitative research, it is triangulated. While in quantitative research, there will be a test of validity and reliability with a certain set of statistics.

I think these are the things that are related to our material today. Until here, is there anyone who has questions? Please. Yes sir. Please, from here. Okay, thank you.

Yes, here, Miki, you have explained from the beginning about the system of writing the scientific literature until the end. Here, Miki asks, when we want to write, want to design this scientific literature, especially in this script, we must really follow the requirements of the writing system. For example, for example,

For example, if I want to study a scientific subject, while I want to make a discussion first, the new method of research, at the end, after knowing the discussion from the scientific field, to make it easier. What I'm asking is the most effective thing

So that when we use it, it will be easier for us to use it in the future.

If we don't know, if we haven't yet reached the ground, it's very difficult to determine the theory or the range of theories that we will use in the future, and what methods we will use in the future. Because it's just a imagination, we haven't yet reached the ground.

Thank you, Izzy. I immediately answered. So as I said earlier, so that you have ideas, so that you can not walk in darkness, read a lot of Tirmidhi, so read a lot of Tirmidhi's scientific literature.

and how these academics, these scientists, do research. From there, you will get inspiration, what you want to study, and how. Because the question of this term is

How is it sir? Can I discuss it first? If in qualitative research, data collection and data analysis can be simultaneous. But, Tarmizi, if you research down to the field without sufficient supplies, believe me, you will find such a large data when you go down to the field. So much data. And you will be confused yourself.

My experience says that when I started to study ethnography, if we really directly go to the community, interact with them, then we collect data, it will be very thick, thousands of pages I got.

If we leave without any supplies at all before we reach the field, in a qualitative research setting, in an ethnographic context, then you will be confused. So the first step is to read a lot first.

Take examples of how the script, especially this script, Insya Allah, is simpler than higher quality research than the script, with a larger budget, for example, research from the Mendikbud or from the Menak with a budget of Rp 1 billion to study the Baduy community,

language training, etc. It will be more complicated. Moreover, this is a script. Try to find examples of scripts. That's the simplest. So Tarmizi and other friends, go to the library, see the examples of scripts and see how they study. Later from there, God willing, you will find the inspiration, you will find what you want to study and how to study it.

Therefore, as a teacher, sometimes if you are given a student's job, you can work or not, whether or not you are given instructions like that.

The tendency is to work diligently, that's good. But maybe not a student at PBS, yes, this is a student who has moved, not at PBS anymore. If given such a job, you can work, you can not. The tendency, the choice is not to be worked. So from that, I give you one job as a scientist.

This is the template draft proposal. Okay, you can see it. This is the bridge between your final task, the research proposal at the end of our study. The final task as a supervisor. This is the bridge. This is useful to help you in the beginning. So here is the identity of the recruiter, fill in the name with the name, then the semester and class.

then fill in the background, make the background, don't need to be too much, just a maximum of 150 words. The most important thing is the substance from the background, what premise do you want to develop on the background. So there is a substance, what is the root? You pour it here. So this is still a draft, still a kind of initiative to become a research proposal in the final task.

Then the problem formula, there are questions there. Then the purpose of the study, a maximum of 100 words, no need to be many. Then there is the relevant previous research study. You look for the three previous research titles, look in the repository.

See in the repository, if you don't get the PDF, you can come directly to the library. At least there are 3 title research first, and pour it here, a maximum of 100 words. If you get the title and the result, just get the abstract, it's good. Because the abstract has already described the content. Then the next is the relevant concept or theory.

If you want to discuss about what theory, what theme, then what is the theory? Don't need to be too much, just 150 words, there is no need to be understanding, it's enough for you to pour it in. I want to discuss what is the theory's evidence, the competence of quantum writing, for example, or what learning strategy, or the theory about research and development model, who is it? This is the theory.

So it's just the premise, a maximum of 150 words. Then the method and technique of collecting the data. If there are not many like this, the layout is not yet in pages, it's easy for you to check it. Oh, the method is this, the technique is like this. Then the discussion plan. Where do you guys want to discuss it? If Tarmizi wanted to leave, I think I want to discuss this. Fill in this part first.

Fill in this part first, Tarmizi. Fill in the discussion plan first, after that you see the technique, the method, how you roll it up so that it is coherent. Then you do it during the research. Imagine you are in semester 8, you start researching in what month?

For example, start studying in December, January, February, March, until August, and you will be in Wisuda in 2023. After that, put the book of reference there. What is the list of books? At least 3 books and 3 relevant journals. The last is the title of the alternative. This is for your holding. If later you turn out to be

choose to continue this study, you already have the policy. Or you later want to choose a linguistic study or a literary study, it's up to you. What's clear from here, you already have the initial picture, so that you don't walk in the dark again. Okay, good.

I think this is what I can say on this occasion because I'm sorry I have to leave and there are other needs. But I think someone wants to give an answer, you can also ask. Okay, there's nothing, I think we'll stop it.

Please check the Google Classroom, there will be materials there related to the things we have discussed and also the task. For this draft proposal, you have two weeks. For two weeks before the 22nd, that means the 21st, because usually the longest is to look for ideas.

But I'm sure there's a saying, "The power of the cat". If you're a cat, let out that power. Just like when you're chasing a cat. If you're chasing a cat, you're at full power, there's a wall that's 2 meters high, you can't pass it. But when the cat is chasing, you can't pass that 2 meters. So, in two weeks, fill in the template I gave you.

After that, you can develop further into research proposals as your final task at the end of the semester in the methodology of English Language and Science Research.

I think that's all I can say on this occasion. Let us close with the prayer of Subhanakallahumma wa bihamdika ashadu allah ilaha illa anta astagfiruka wa atubu laik. Assalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh. Waalaikumsalam warahmatullahi wabarakatuh. Thank you, sir.

Oh yes, there is another announcement, tomorrow there will be a seminar, I will give the link, the message from Mrs. Nuryani, please share it to students, medleys, hopefully it can add insight related to research methods from other campuses.

I think we'll see you again, and happy Ramadan fasting. Please coordinate with Mrs. Nur Yani for the linguistic research method session.

only until today, if there are things that you want to ask, you can continue the personal chat. Thank you, Assalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh, I am end meeting for everyone, see you later, bye bye