LA GUERRA DEL PACÍFICO EXPLICADA EN 10 MINUTOS | INFONIMADOS

This place is ours according to this

document. This place is ours according to

this document. Which place?

This desert. What if we

share it instead? No.

Today on Infonimados we're telling you about the

War of the Pacific. In 1870 Europe

manufactured fertilizers and gunpowder based

on saltpeter and guano.

But Europe had neither saltpeter nor guano.

But do you know where there was saltpeter and

guano?

In the Atacama Desert. This

desert belonged to Bolivia, Chile, and Peru.

Nobody knew, but everyone wanted to

profit from it.

So in 1866

Bolivia and Chile signed the

boundary treaty that established the 24th parallel

south as the border and divided the revenues

from Saltpeter and Guano.

The dispute continued, and so in 1874

Bolivia and Chile signed the

boundary treaty again to re-establish the

border at the 24th parallel south.

And Bolivia promised not to raise

taxes on Chilean businesses in its

zone for 25 years. What could possibly go wrong?

All

because in 1879

Bolivia needed money, so

it decided to raise taxes on

Chilean businesses in its area. Sir,

but who forbids that? The treaty of

187 asked

Chile not to invade and sent its ships to

Antofagasta on February 14, 1879.

As Bolivia did not have many soldiers in

the area, the Chilean troops took the

city.

Therefore, Bolivia ended the

war against Chile on March 1, 1879,

and Chile declared war on Peru

and Bolivia on April 5, 1879.

What? Why me? Oh, no. I'm very

scared. I've already discovered their secret. You

have a defensive alliance treaty. I do

n't know what you're talking about. Stop it already. But

what's going on? Why me? Stop it already

, I already know.

[Laughter] It

turns out that Peru and Bolivia had indeed

signed a defensive alliance treaty.

Thus began the War of the Pacific

and two sides were formed, Peru and

Bolivia, against Chile and that's it.

Everyone knew that winning at sea meant

winning the war, and Chile was very good at

winning wars and naval battles. So he sent his

Chilean mega-navy

to conquer everything.

Then, on May 21, 1879,

Chile went to Equique to cut off

supplies,

but the Hasca,

a Peruvian ship commanded by Miguel Grau, appeared

and came across the emerald. A

Chilean ship under the command of Arturo Prat.

And well, that's how it all started. Arturo Prat

was a Chilean hero in this war, and

everything about him is in an info capsule

that you can find on our Patreon

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After 4 hours of combat, the Hascar

sank the Esmeralda and Arturo died

and the Peruvians won. This was the

naval battle of Iquique.

At the same time, both countries

clashed in the naval battle of Punta

Gruesa, and the Chileans won.

Later they clashed in the

naval battle of Angamos, where the Wascar

was captured

and Miguel Grao, the Peruvian hero,

brave, noble, respected by all,

died

and the Chileans won and kept

the little ship.

Meanwhile, in Peru they have

stolen my soul. Sir, calm down.

How can I be calm if all

those Chileans are... And

where is Bolivia? Meanwhile,

in Chile, the sea is ours, but we will not

stop here. Our next

destination is Lima, Peru. Wait, where

is Bolivia? Meanwhile, in Bolivia

we don't like Hilarión's leadership. He

has handled the war very badly.

Let's stage a coup.

No, wait, everything will be alright.

Narciso Campero was now the new

president of Bolivia. With the sea under

control, Chile turned its attention to land.

Now it was time to secure

strategic points, seize resources, and

finish invading Bolivia. So on

May 26, 1880, Chile invaded Tacna,

a Peruvian city.

But where is Bolivia? Here. And so

began the battle of Tacna and the

Chileans won. That is why

Bolivia decided to withdraw

from the war.

Now Peru would have to fight against

Chile all on its own.

Chile concentrated its forces on the ultimate

goal: to invade Peru and take Lima.

The Chilean forces arrived at the port

of Arica and the Peruvians were at a

disadvantage, so Chile sent them a

messenger. I hear you, sir. The

Chilean Army general says that we

already know what you have and don't

have. So, to avoid a

fight, we politely ask them to

surrender. I have sacred duties to

fulfill, and I will fulfill them until I burn the

last cartridge.

Ah, well, goodbye, master. And so began

the battle of Arica, and the Chileans

won.

With southern Peru in its hands, Chile

advanced north and clashed

with Peru at the Battle of San Juan. And

the Chileans won and also

captured and destroyed the city of

Chorrillos. Then they clashed in the

Battle of Miraflores. This was

Peru's last chance to stop

the Chileans. So they fought with

all their might and the Chileans

won.

[Music]

Thus, on January 17, 1881,

Chilean troops entered Lima, the

Peruvian capital,

and Chilean President Aníbal Pinto

handed over the presidency to Domingo Santa

María, who already wanted to end the war.

So the conflict entered its

final phase, but one Peruvian did not want the

war to end. The wizard of the Andes,

also known as Andrés Abelino

Cáceres,

continued fighting from the mountains. Thus

began the campaign in the thicket. Okay,

guys, what have we got? A poncho and a

rifle, my general. Perfect. Cáceres

knew a lot about mountains, that's why he

managed to ambush and defeat the

Chileans in different battles. The sorcerer

resisted with great cunning and courage.

And the Chileans won.

At this point, Peru was without an army,

without Lima, and exhausted. And Chile

was also exhausted, without money and fed up with

the war. So both countries signed

the Treaty of Hancon to make

peace. On October 20, 1883,

Chile kept Tarapacá, Tacna, and

Arica and promised to return them to Peru 10

years later. That's a lie, they only gave them back

Tacna and kept the rest. And

where is Bolivia?

Well, in 1884,

Bolivia and Chile signed a

truce pact to put a pause on the war. And

if they give us back Altofagasta, hm, nope.

And years later, in 1904, Bolivia and

Chile finally signed a treaty of

peace and friendship, in which Bolivia was

left without access to the sea. And now, the

land of the Pacific is finished.

And do you know what bird guano is,

mainly from seabirds, bats, and

seals?

[Laughter]

[Music] I did

n't understand anything you said.

Me neither.

And who are you? Simon Bolivar.

[Music]