PEMERINTAH DAERAH - Konsep Reformasi Birokrasi

Dear students and students of the Open University, We meet again in the lecture on the reformation of bureaucracy and its role in the development in Indonesia in particular.

Today we will specifically discuss what is a bureaucracy reformation, which in the context of theory and practice in other countries is called administrative reformation. So sometimes we switch between administrative reformation and bureaucracy reformation. Today I will explain what is administrative reformation, what are the surrounding spaces contained in the meaning of administrative reformation,

What are the methods we use in performing administrative reformation? How is it practiced in other countries, in our neighboring countries in Asia? Students and students, when we talk about administrative reformation, we certainly talk about two words, namely reformation and administration. Bureaucratic reformation is a planned change.

a change that is intended. So a change that is not a reactive attitude towards the environment, but a long-term change that is intended and planned to change the aspects of bureaucracy. Reform in a certain degree is different from change. Reform is an intended planet change, a planned change

and a change that is intended, desired to design the quality of bureaucracy in facing the demands of the development of society, global development in the present and also in the future. Reform sometimes means also transform, sometimes also means revitalization, but

These meanings are actually the meanings that are meant to make changes in the administrative or bureaucratic conditions in a planned manner, with clear change agendas in the short term that are also planned, whether it is short term, medium term, or long term. People call the administration reform a never-ending process, a process that never stops. Why?

Because actually, the change of society is a very dynamic change, it does not stop. Sometimes the hope of the people at one point will change again at another point in different times. So this reform of bureaucracy is a continuous work, never ending process, a process that does not end. There are a number of definitions that have been conveyed by several experts from

of administration in the world. For example, an old definition that was given by John Montgomery in 1967. "Administrative reform is a political process designed to adjust the relationship between a bureaucracy and other elements in society or within the bureaucracy itself." If translated in Indonesian,

Administrative reform is a political process. So it is not an administrative process, but a political process that requires political commitment, carried out by political leaders who have the authority to make changes. Administrative reform cannot only be carried out by the bureaucracy itself or the administration itself.

because it requires political support from political leaders, from the president, from ministers, from governors, mayors and mayors. That's why, if we look at the cases in Indonesia, the success of performing administrative reform or bureaucracy reform in many regions in Indonesia is always marked by the presence of mayors, mayors and governors,

who have a commitment to make changes in the bureaucracy. Because of that, it is a political process, support from outside, from politics to change the bureaucracy. Regions that have leaders, who have a high commitment to make changes, usually their bureaucracy will be more advanced. But also the question is,

because we rely heavily on the political figures, the heads of the regions. If the heads of the regions no longer work or have already resigned, then the sustainability or continuation of the reformation of the bureaucracy will also continue to be disturbed. The political process that is designed or intended to adjust the relations between the bureaucracies

and the community, so the relationship between the bureaucracy and the community, from a relationship, for example, that is very single actors, very oriented towards the government, to a multi-actors orientation, oriented towards the interests of the community, the interests of the business world to support investment, and so on. But also, one change design that is meant for

to adjust or adapt the relations within the bureaucracy itself. Between one organization and another organization within the bureaucracy, between one ministry and another ministry, between one institution and another institution, between the central government, the province, and the government of the province and the city. So we see that there are at least three important elements in the definition of administrative reformation.

a political process or political process supported by the political commitment to change, whose purpose is to adjust the relations between bureaucracy and the community, but also to adjust the relations that occur between elements within the bureaucracy itself. Thus, the definition that Kayden conveyed in 1969

The Artificial Inductions of Administrative Transformations Against Resistance. So it is an artificial induction, an artificial program, an artificial plan as an administrative transformation to fight against the possible resistances that will occur in the administrative reformation. Therefore,

The resistance, the rejections that occur when there is a program of bureaucracy reformation is something that is very natural. Resistance in any reform is very natural. Resistance in changes, administration or administration reformation is something that is very natural. Because of that, in the change, we also have to manage the change

so as not to cause great resistance, so as not to cause great rejection, and so as not to cause great conflicts within the bureaucracy itself. Some experts say that the angle of reformation of this administration should be horizontal, namely 45 degrees. So the alpha is 45 degrees so that the change is not too drastic.

not the angle of 90 degrees because the angle of 90 degrees will cause a lot of resistance and rejection even if the resistance is so great then it can be the reform program will stop in place but on the contrary the angle must be 45 degrees so that it will reach the beta that we want from the alpha situation so it's a threshold but according to the target we want next

According to Rohr, Directive Change of Main Feature of Administrative System. So, it is a change directed towards the system in the administration. So, the word is Directive Change, that is, a change that is intended, a change that is directed to change the condition of the administration system. Students and students,

Thus, we can conclude that the reform of the administration is a planned change in the political process environment supported by political abilities to change the administration system, change the relations that occur in the bureaucracy itself, or in the interbureaucracy with its community. Then, it is contained in

that the administration reform always causes resistance, rejection, and also various conflicts. Therefore, in the administration reform, change management is also needed to manage resistance, generate people's commitment to push for changes that occur in the administration system. In various literatures, the scope of the reformation of bureaucracy is at least four things.

The first is the construction or reconstruction of processes and institutions. So, to rebuild the processes and institutions in the bureaucracy. Processes include government business processes or government procedures in general. Relations between one ministry and another ministry in the implementation of various government matters.

but also the construction or reconstruction of institutional institutions, including in it is how to restructure, how to redesign the structure of government organizations, or also reduce ministries, disrupting the structure of the cabinet, is part of the reform of the administration.

Usually in the replacement of the President, there is always a vision to change the structure of the Ministry and institution organizations, both the number of ministries and the structure within the ministerial institutions. Re-establish the relationship between the government processes between one ministry and another ministry in implementing various government matters. The administration reformation or the bureaucracy reformation also includes

modernizing managerial capacity, financial management, by using advanced technologies. Usually, this modernization is always supported by the use of information and communication technologies. We also always talk about how to manage changes by introducing new systems, new management in the bureaucracy. Know-how.

or knowledge to make better changes by using more modern methods in governing government.

For example, how to modernize the planning system, how to modernize the financial system, how to modernize the human resources management system, how to modernize the management of state assets and wealth management, and various modernizations that we can do in all aspects of the public sector management. Third, Minimization.

So how to reduce the unimportant costs, the costs that are not needed, we must increase efficiency. Reduce the structures that are not needed, the functions that are not needed, so that a rigid government is created, a government that can move fast, not wrinkled, and so on. And the fourth is the efficiency of export. So, plan strictly

budget for the employees' expenses, but also for the public's expenses, the expenses to the community. Which one can we cut off so that the employees' expenses are not large, but can also be divided into public expenses. And the fifth is with the decentralization of management, namely giving authority to the units of government organizations that are closest to the community.

The students and students of the Open University of Indonesia that I love and respect, there are many aspects of the environment of reformation and administration. These are also the methods that we can use. Each country, each institution has a choice of which priorities must be prioritized, which priorities must be implemented, so that they can make changes quickly.

Sometimes there is a reform process that takes a very long time, even though the government only has five years, so it is necessary to choose a reform that can make changes in a short time, but can also leverage or stimulate other changes. Students and members of the Open University Committee, maybe that's all I can say on this occasion. What do we mean by reformation of the administration, what is the framework and what is the method?

We will meet again in another time and opportunity. Thank you.