Calidad de la Miel y perfil socio economico de la Apicultura . Presentacion de tesis internacional

from the National University of Colombia

that was not supported during the formation of

Tere with the instance that made the

international body did it with the

Doctor 6 and thank you very much, Doctor.

for all the support and everything is the

knowledge and training that

I shared with Terence, I also want to

thank you for the teacher's presence in

Cecilia's sciences, the social character

partner of the graduate college campus

Montecillo, who supported us in a very way

very very important in training

Tere's laboratory techniques for

to also do analysis in the

Messrs. Pedro Juan Coll and Pedro Juan

coast of the honey exporting company

Articulturists of Champotón who

They kindly provided us with the

information about your company

but that information was useful to

continue to develop some work of

research presented in this

in the dt thesis and I also want

Thank you for Mr. Rodrigo's presence.

Javier González of Articultores sin

Argentine borders that already us

We greeted you a while ago, you have students

postgraduate studies at the autonomous university

Chapingo, who are accompanying us in

Thank you so much for being with us at this event.

us at Teresa's degree exam

Martínez Castle consists of four

First, we're going to do the following stages:

installation of the synod for the examination of

degree later we're going to have a

short presentation

no more than

30 minutes and then we will proceed

with the questions from the

synodal and if there were also any

question from the public that we

Come along later, we'll go

to ask the audience to tell us

temporarily abandon for him without

to get started

to talk and discuss the result of

This exam and we finish with the reading

The result of the CRS exam would be the

Session mechanics: we will now proceed

the installation of the sign for the exam

For which I am going to ask you if

We politely stand up to

I'm going to read the agreement to install

academic director general of the

university

And it says this: agreement of the PSE director

academic by virtue of having been

all the requirements met

establishes the general regulations of

postgraduate studies in force this address has

well grant the moose degree exam

Teresa Castillo Martínez, PhD candidate

in science in livestock innovation

for April 8, 2021 at 8 a.m.

with the following jury president h of

José Guadalupe García, a very clever advisor

Dr. Jorge Aguilar Ávila, PhD Advisor

Rodolfo Ramírez Valverde, external reader

Dr. Jorge Euclides, they already last

Pingo Mexico, March 24, 2021

carefully teach the exploitation of the

Earth does not stop man, the director

Academic general Dr. Gustavo

Almaguer Vargas, thank you very much, can you

Please take your seat and we will proceed then.

to the presentation by the

Tere's supporter, if you would do us a favor

share your presentation with us

Thank you very much, I ask you please if

Everyone can mute their microphones now.

that we give this greater clarity to the

invite presentation

thank you

They ask me if the screen looks good.

Please forward back

Well, first of all, good morning to

I am very grateful to everyone for joining me.

my friends, my teachers, and my colleagues

Thank you so much, it's a very special day

important to me, which I appreciate.

in this presentation of my thesis

doctoral thesis entitled quality in

honey and socioeconomic profile of

Beekeeping in Campeche and Quintana Roo

energy

It is worth noting that this research

the direction by Dr. José

Guadalupe García Muñez as co-director

Dr. Jorge Aguilar Ávila as

advisor Dr. Robert Ramirez Valverde

and as the external reader, the doctor, by

people of this yogurt to all of them

They were part of the work team

in order to reach a good result with this

job

the content that I am going to present to you

It covers five points, one of which is the

General introduction to the work as

In the second section, I'm going to present a

review work the main

findings that are titled

quality and safety parameters

also food source for honeybees

for export

[Music]

Thirdly, I introduce myself in a

research work that leads to

title sugars and brix degrees in honey of

apis mellifera philippon aviv and honey

commercial of the local market in Mexico

The fourth point is another document from

research entitled

socioeconomic profile of agriculture

in Campeche and Quintana Roo, Mexico and

Finally, he presented the conclusions.

general work

Well, it must be acknowledged that in

Beekeeping in Mexico represents a

high socio-economic value since it is

one of the main activities of

T4 sector of our country that generates

foreign exchange

This, and according to the data on knowledge

From 2020, well, we have that in Mexico

We found around 43,000

beekeepers who collectively have

2 million beehives due to the above

Mexico is obviously on a global level of

According to FAO data, this Mexico

ranks tenth as a producer of

honey and seventh place as an exporter of

honey worldwide

over the last 10 years the average of

annual honey production in Mexico this

is 58,414 tons of which

exports 57.18 percent, generating a

total income via exports of 107.4

millions of dollars annually to where

Mexican honey is channeled

primarily channels to the market of

USA also from Germany UK

Saudi Arabia and is currently

Exporting to Belgium, Japan and Colombia

within the main destinations of

It is worth noting that exports also

There are others, but this one to a lesser extent.

the main producing states of

We find honey in Mexico these days

The main ones are Yucatán and Campeche.

Jalisco, Chiapas, Veracruz, Oaxaca, Quintana Roo

Roo Puebla Michoacán and Guerrero Cabe

to point out that the most important region of

Honey is the Yucatan Peninsula that

It encompasses the states of Yucatán, Campeche, and

Quintana Roo, which contribute 33%.

percent of national production of

Honey, here's a summary

about honey prices, obviously

of the year 2019 this where he presented this

which states have the minimum price

They offer the lowest price for honey and the

maximum foundation prices and how we can

to realize that the peninsula of

Yucatan already has this.

the lowest price of honey

And it should be noted that according to the

production volume for those hours then

90 to 95 percent of production

in the export market, which is because

Therefore, these prices are set by

according to the international market, no

for the central states of the country and

from the north of the country, like Durango and

Coahuila, which are practically

retail sales, that's why this

The prices differ considerably

It is practically double compared to

the Yucatan Peninsula

Well, this is one of the most important points.

important because of what honey contains

Honey is composed primarily of

sugars you feel like glucose and fructose

in addition to minerals and amino acids

vitamins, organic acids, and pigments

vegetables here he also pointed out that in addition

of these two sugars because it contains more

12 addends among others

And well, among the most important factors

important factors that affect the quality of

This product and which limit the

exports, because we mainly have

There are five main groups

One is the inappropriate use of medications

and of products not permitted for the

pest and disease control

bees the location of the apiary is a

A very important point is the handling of the

beehive the harvesting process the

extraction storage of America

All of these together can affect

primarily the safety of the product

Tere, please, if you record there

trans

and tells me to request permission from

host please if the host

because I could work to choose if

thank you

study that is Campeche and Quintana

quality and safety of honey

worth

food

exporting agro-industry company

exporter and the units are produced

a picola

That is why in this doctoral work

The overall objective was to generate

indicators that allow defining points

critical factors in the production and quality of

honey in the states of

Campeche and Quintana Roo, Mexico

and the first document, as I had already mentioned.

The aforementioned title is a

review work entitled

quality and safety parameters

Mexican honey food

Apis mellifera for export to the

European Union, the objective of this

The task was to describe the parameters of

quality and safety of honey

Mexican market demanded by the European market

and how did this job come from where

This job comes out, but precisely

from a laboratory report that this

Germany sends us to intercede, well, that one

laboratory work is carried out by

beekeepers of Champotón and beekeepers

from Champotón, it should be noted that its

Germany is its main market; there it has

the main buyers and when

This work is supported by

The bibliography review was carried out

of the Mexican Konex standards

Food supplies were also reviewed

regulations to the European Union and it was done

a thorough bibliographic search

The bibliographic section used

Google platforms and tools

school the sevilla net to the sky fits

to note that a total of

108 documents of which only

40 were used for this work

according to the content of these

documents

in the main sections of this

job

Well, the main sections of this

Job one is quality and safety of the

honey according to the standard

Mexican 036 and Konex Food Products 2019

The other point covers parameters of

quality and safety of honey for

export to the European Union is

here to cover them together with content

moisture content sugars

hydroxymethylfurfural color antibiotics

nougat alkaloids and ziline with low

and genetically modified organisms

The ones marked in blue here are the ones that are not

They are covered within the regulations

So these are the parameters required by the

market and therefore becomes

in all documents with them in a

third point of section of that

The document covers the years in the

human body from honey consumption

contaminated and finally sources of

pollution in the environment sometimes

And well, among the main ones

requirements demanded by the market

international of the European Union, then

that the humidity is less than 20 percent

hundred

It should be noted here that the maximum that

accept that 19%

fructose plus glucose, which is a parameter

The compound here must be greater than or equal to

60 grams per 100 grams of honey

sucrose must be less than or equal to 5

grams per 100 grams of honey

place 2 to groups must be greater than 1

hydroxymethylfurfural should be less than or

equal to 10 milligrams per kilogram of

Honey

In addition to all these points, honey

must comply with the parameters of

acidity and index of 10 cups with the

finals

Well, honey is also required.

that is antibiotic-free

primarily chloramphenicol

tetracyclines, streptomycin, and their families

trimethoprim macrolides and metabolites in

Vitro furanos and here the parliament

European and the Council of the European Union

establish maximum waste limits

in the case of pool alkaloids and

with low levels which this for staff

and zilina, well, one microgram per

kilogram of honey and of coma fos this

maximum of 100 micrograms per

kilogram of the same

And in addition to all of the above, well

It must also be determined in the thousands

for export three agencies

genetically modified, which are 35 of

That promoter, we're Terminator and promoter

efe mv whose detection limits are good

in the DNA of honey bees it must be

from point 0 1 percent maximum shield

indicates the European Parliament and the

Council of the European Union

the main damages to the body

consumption is also

when we consider that the waste of

Pesticides can cause problems

mutations and cellular degradation

antibiotic residues, because we know that

can cause an increase in the

hyper-resistant bacteria

awareness also in the

consumers apart from reactions

allergic gastrointestinal disorders

and skin rashes have also

noted that in cases of botulism

childish, since they are attributed to very

contaminated

and among the main antibiotics

that are found in honey because they are

These are families of these compounds

They degrade very slowly and can

cause allergic reactions and

toxicity and good and also the

exposure to food may

cause various situations such as pain

headache, sweating, nausea, vomiting

diarrhea, abdominal cramps, rigidity

muscular and can also lead to

death by poisoning

when as conclusions of this first

review work because we have to

quality, safety of the environment, bees

because ultimately it is fundamental

primarily to preserve health

of consumers and secondly that they are

conditions for accessing the

markets in developed countries

And we can also point out that honey is

liable to suffer contamination during

the production process here fits

to point out that honey is a product that

It does not lead to any process, it should not be done

Prioritize, do not heat up, etc.

just as we harvest it in the

The beehive thus reaches the consumer

This is very important, one of the

The most important problems are

contamination with antibiotics as already

I had pointed it out and these antibiotics

They come mainly from control of

Bee diseases and well the most

common are if they are friends aunts

oxytetracycline, which are the fates

primarily for the control of what

American and European

And well, the Codex Alimentarius and the

standards in the European Union, well, no.

They present limits to these offered, that

This means that its use is prohibited in the

agriculture

and we can point out that around 48

percent of Mexican honey that is

exports

Well, its main destination is Germany.

Hence the importance of this work

And the fate of the honey is a matter of

residue tolerance limit

zero antibiotics and the fact that

honey president contamination with

antibiotics or with any other

compound foreign to it, because this

limits its export to that region and

Therefore, he wants

we say that it is necessary

construction and management of the system

traceability that guarantees us the

honey production

quality today

The second document is an article

A lot of scientific work was done

laboratory in this regard is titled

sugars and Brix degrees in the

Kremel personality and Conavi Chase and in

the local market commercial in Mexico

The objective of this research was

compare the composition of sugars and

Brix degrees in honey from Apis bees

mellifera melipona vicens and of a

product marketed as honey

bee a marker

in this study this

20 samples were obtained from eight

states of the republic and of different

botanical sources which this was

14 samples for Apis mellifera, 3 for

1000 and Conavi Jane and three samples of

unknown origin

This sample of unknown origin

It was obtained from the municipal market of

Texcoco, State of Mexico, the amount of

The honey weighed 250 grams, it is also

It corresponded to a mixed honey, not because

beehive but by beekeeper

laboratory analysis

The laboratory analysis was the

determination of Brix degrees by means of

refractometer readings of sugars

and the sugars that were determined by

here plc which were fructose

glucose sucrose the procedure is

quite extensive in this work consists

My teacher Cecilia helped me a lot.

He's with us right now

before carrying out the process of

preparation of the honey samples

samples and their corresponding analysis

by h pls with index detector of

refraction, since this is how the curve was made

For calibration, the following were used:

fructose glucose standards and

the retention time of

these sugars and subsequently then

take it as a basis for the analysis of

A statistical analysis was obtained by

species of bee in this case then of

here a thousand and one mellifera bugs and inside

of the unknown product this efe ns j

This is the random effect of the

subclass formed by the combination

of the state of the Mexican republic and of

the botanical source from which the

honeys

He is the random error, it should be noted.

that the least squares means for

each of the bee species

He performed a comparative test of

October

in the case of the association between

Brix degrees and concentrations of

each of the sugars mentioned above

A similar statistical model was used

fitted to a mixed linear model this

in which we have this the

Brix degree reading record

and among the classes of states of the

Mexican Republic portico decoration

origin of the honeys and by species

From the bee we have beta 0, beta 1 and beta 2

What are regression coefficients?

the intercepted the linear slope and

quadratic regression of degrees

brix on each of the variables of

We have the concentration of sugars

random effect of this combination

of the state of the republic by type

flowering areas where the

samples and the error

And here I present the main ones.

results where the honey is

melipona and Apis mellifera honey

because they do not differ in content from

fructose, however, we can see this

that the honey of unknown origin

is statistically different from the

others having a level below 10

grams per 100 grams of honey

The same applies to glucose

For glucose, well here we see that Emily

Abigail had the highest concentration

From this sugar, it continues, which is

lighter and finally the product that

They sell it with honey, as we can see here.

clearly that the concentration of

glucose is below 20 grams per

per 100 grams

and well

Regarding fructose, a macro thing that is

practically whatever they are demanding of us

The markets, then, we see that honey from

Gel and Fonavi Jane possess this superior

Apis mellifera and unknown honey

It has the same tendency

Here the horizontal black line is what

that this is specified in the codex

food

Here we see that both bee honey and

Melipona is seen because they exceed the minimums

However

in the case of the relationship between

glucose, this parameter is for the

Honey export is taken from a

study conducted by one of collaborators

in 2004 where it is noted that this is

The ratio must be greater than then

We see, as in this case, the honey of

Apis mellifera is superior to the

thousands more, however, we point out that

both species of bees because this

meet this parameter

In the case of degree, it is prix a, which is

where special attention needs to be paid

We see that the product that is sold as

honey, because it is the one that presents the most

then we can indicate that those who

They dedicate themselves to preparing this product or they

often they are the ones who consider this

Yo

sugars

from mili conavi that does not reach a point

increasing, then this is positive, that

relationship

And well, the main conclusions of

In this work we see that the concentration

of fructose glucose and the sum of both

in the honeys of very different art

I understand perfectly with

the specifications of the standards

while the marketed product

like honey, because it doesn't meet the requirements

three standards and the non-detection of

sucrose in the marketed product

in the local market of Texcoco, well, we

It clearly indicates that this product neither

It's not even sugar syrup and

according to the fructose concentration

Well, it's not the sweetener with the

What was this product made of?

And well, if we only consider the value of

Brix degrees in this product because this

This adulterated product could pass

like genuine honey then it is very

The third article is important and good.

derived from this research, then it is

the one entitled "Social Profile with"

that beekeeping in Campeche and Quintana Roo

roo mexico that the objective of this

The task was to calculate the indicators

social and economic factors in agriculture

how are these two states in the country?

This study was conducted because, firstly,

This place, then, is in a universe of 1,460

beekeepers

It should be noted that this universe of 1,460

Beekeepers account for 13 percent

of the total number of beekeepers in those

entities

Feinstein used a questionnaire

structured for this is

the sections of said questionnaire because

These were attributes of beekeepers and of

the production units generation of

employment, income generation, or their of

production and perception of the

beekeepers regarding the activity

apiarian

So

the main results that I am going to

To present this we see that the age of

beekeepers in both states, then

It exceeds 45 years on average, but here

It is worth noting that the hand is the most humid.

consultants who are over 80 years old

This age, schooling is

primary school completed on average without

However, there are some practitioners who don't count.

with studies this experience in the

activity, as it was closely related to

the average age of beekeepers

which is over 15 years of

experience

regarding job creation

We see that it is practically a

activity in which the

average family members are

two members of families who

continuously participate in the activity

Beekeepers in Campeche are women and in

integrate this activity in terms of

The Yucatan Peninsula is around 28

of 28 pesos per kilogram and whose cost

of product, we see that it is superior

in Campeche it's 26.5 and in Quintana Roo it's

21.6 pesos because achieving that cost of

exposure

and here graphically

The Kings are taking advantage of the

Beekeepers, apart from honey, well

only kernels and wax are the only things

which they are taking advantage of, and here we see the

Why are they only taking advantage of that?

because we can clearly see that it is a

complementary activity and also this

all beekeepers, a large part of the

articulators indicate that it is a

activity that is growing nobody

Few responded that he was with the

It remains to consolidate, then we see it there

an area of ​​opportunity to work

and around 55 to 60% of the

Beekeepers indicate that their total

annual income comes from 26 to 50

percent of beekeeping

That's why culture is so important.

as conclusions of this work

We have that beekeeping in these two

states is an activity developed

by family members and represents

a major source of generation

income and employment in the communities

rural areas, but this is practiced

mainly by elderly people

advanced and with a low level of education

and the harnessing of potential

beekeeping in the study area, because it is

At the very least, we already saw that diversification

production is limited

This situation is worth highlighting.

It clearly makes culture

vulnerable to the activity of

prices in the international market

and to adverse climate effects

in addition to small beekeepers and

they can hardly cope with the

honey contamination by pollen

agricultural crops, genetics

And well, therefore, that is required

to encourage young people to remain rooted in their communities

communities as a mechanism for the

development of the beekeeping sector but never

to abandon a training scheme

that allows us to take advantage of the

knowledge of adult beekeepers

Therefore, it is necessary

design and implement strategies to

integration into the value chain

that make beekeeping just another vineyard

most profitable and sustainable activity in

the Yucatan Peninsula

And well, to finish, I present to you the

general conclusions of the whole

work that pointed out the

Mexico's position worldwide as

the tenth producer and seventh place in

honey exports are indicating

that the Yucatan Peninsula contributes 33

percent of national production of

honey and when the fulfillment of the

quality standards for honey

bee, because it is essential to access

both to the domestic and international markets

export

the international markets that

establish more quality criteria

strict requirements that necessitate design

clean

Achilles

infinitely

young people to their communities because with a

mechanism

and continue developing the beekeeping sector

of the peninsula

And well, without further ado, but another particular detail that

presentable, I appreciate it

Thank you so much for your attention.

and the grand ball took advantage of a love

Thank you.

Thank you so much

I lost my voice, but oh well, this and

We move on to the next one

part of the exam

we're going to

and

ask the attendees if the channel

general public not to the normal but if

Do you have any questions or doubts?

We give them a small space in case

someone had something to eat her

Well, if not, then we would move on to the

I will ask questions from the examiners.

to

I'm going to ask you to follow this order.

first to Dr. Rodolfo Ramírez

Valverde, who makes his

questions for Teresa

so that we can see the dynamics there and that

Then we will proceed to give it to her

Word to Dr. GTI

If they turn off their microphones, please...

and the rest

ahead of Dr. Garcia's dog

I'm still recording, yes please, that's correct

Thank you very much, it's tethered, let's go

start with

Well, I was thinking about the part

This is about beekeeping, because it is a

activity

reasons as I mentioned on one hand

Well, there are limitations too, and that's it.

Those mentioned there too, and well

requires

It requires several things that have to

to see with the management of the bees themselves

of the genetics of the bees of the by

On the other hand, you have the technical part of

managing the environment, how to make

and obtain more products

benefits and on the other hand there is the

The social and economic component is very

also important

The first question is within those

components like how do you locate the whole part

What is genetic improvement?

There are needs or limitations

What possibilities do they have that we

He will comment briefly on that part.

First of all, this link is separate from

What you already mentioned: quality

socioeconomic issues

I have no other choice but to accept it too and

Genetics is a very important point.

beekeeping because because this is in this

beekeeping genetics, because this is very

important to cover first

production once it is first

production and another key point that

I've talked a lot with Dr. Tello

That's not exactly what I was presenting to them.

on the use of antibiotics in honey

That entails, doctor, that this...

Genetics is very important out there

I was reading that bees

Africanized and European bees as

Africanized bees have more

diseases and pests in the beehive

It's OK

Those of us who use fewer products for the

pest and disease control

Let's go with the docility of the bees

European countries are practically the main ones

'The change of queen bee' is worth noting

He develops well when it comes to

this

universities in this case, well Chapingo

This is the most important university

important at the Latin American level in

So, it's a matter of agronomy, I think.

who has a very strong role and a

The centers have a fairly strong commitment

research institutions such as INIFAP

The improvement must also be made

genetic currently practically in

bee breeding centers

It should be noted that queens are organisms

private, so where were we?

We, the universities, are the

We need research centers

develop that part of genetics

So I think that in this regard...

our postgraduate program, as we are resuming

That point, doctor, and I think we

We need to cover that

Here he highlighted the work that has led to

Dr. Tello at the university

national of Colombia along with the

Professor Giovanni, who also...

He is working with me

primarily in the improvement

genetics of Africanized bees

So this one is very important.

for example this

and also noted that the improvement

genetics should be focused on the

different regions of the republic

Mexican then in the bees it happens

just as in any other type of

then we must generate this

breeds in genetic lines according to

environment in which we are and remembering

the genotype that is the interaction this

genotype plus environment then

Okay, I'm thinking about what

institutions could collaborate

perhaps some institutions at the level

governmental, and that's thinking above all

in a program

complete, that is, a university can

lowered aluminum

He can do studies, he can do that

He can work, he can contribute, but

We would have to see who would be the

most appropriate instance for

organize a complete program and this

We are thinking of a complete program

since including all aspects

These usually begin with a

definition of

that

quality as

also that in different areas of the

Mexican republic, because it changes the

product quality not in this

parameter and sugar content and

It should also be noted that not all

places in the Mexican Republic

recommends the use of X or it already leaves

For our region it would also be the

Tuesday

Sugar is the same; they are components that go

changing but according to the species

floristics this to the conditions

Peruvian climate, let's get to that point

But let's get to a very important point in the

Beekeeping or the lathe is a fundamental point.

Why genetic improvement?

We always want to change queen bees

Europeans, by good power, we want

Introducing European queen bees is one

then the beekeepers

What they want is to get into the aviary and

to have fewer attack problems from the

bees agree that finally when

Handling shouldn't be a problem

because we use special suits, etc.

But well, this is the point of the

possibility

But this is also very important.

this swarming parameter

And then we consider that, well, it is

He knows that Africanized bees...

they tend more towards a female, this one arrived

a study that was conducted on

Africanization of bees indicates that

Can Africanized bees

generate above 18 and forgiveness of 8

swarms can then find

up to 8 times a year while the

European bees do not do this

Okay then, that's the same, this is a

fundamental point and another point

fundamental to the question of the

genetic parameters and it is with the genes

hygienic, how generic are they?

bees, hence the importance of doing the

development of genetic improvement

based on the Africanized bee is

practically everyone in our country is already

Africanized because because this tends

but it is not varroa resistance has this

Well

We could talk about its resistance to

mud, although he's going to correct me.

Doctor, the fact that it's over is not what

Correct, but this is the Africanized bee.

It has more resistance, mud has broken

Therefore, there is less stress.

and we can even produce the same

quantity or even more of honey with them

We work very well at our base.

We can see this

very important points in this of the

bees, although they point out what they are called

these

Regarding varroa resistance

We have the impression of mud in adults.

mud infestation in young animals

So how does it affect it, and currently, from

I would like to add another parameter.

genetics in bees on the issue

of the small hive beetle

So how is it being affected or seen?

in the beehives where we are doing

European queen bee exchange and where

The bees are not being replaced.

queens regarding this problem that

It's a problem we already have in the

Yucatan Peninsula and almost all of Mexico

But personally, it worries me.

much the Yucatan Peninsula

practically all apiaries have

infestation of the small beetle of the

condemnation and pineapple food then

That's where I want to carry it out

of the genetic improvement of the bee

Africanized to see the mechanisms of

defense

So if that's a fundamental point

Well, and among others that I could

I recite the most, but I feel that they are

those points are the most important in

genetic improvement very well since

I believe there is a good [small business/enterprise] here.

selection of variables, well here I am

primarily record performance here

in the hive, humidity of the honey, sugars

docility, this that you call swarming

and this resistance to certain

diseases and it applies to you, well one of them

the principles of, let's say, of

Genetic improvement is when

We grab when we have many

Selected features

because we also lose efficiency in the

not in the priority ones then we have to

to do a kind of, let's say,

prioritization of

If we wanted to prioritize and

Let's say, okay, let's prioritize and

Let's say which one is the most important

Which one of them would have to

to try all those things you mentioned

Which one would I start with? I'll go with...

production production ok

number 2

and because of this resistance to diseases

That's correct, so it means that the

The order you gave me wasn't the correct order.

age priority but my name was

the attention because they mentioned a lot about

diseases and resistance are to

certain types of pests affect watercress and those

things and well I think indeed

They are probably possibilities and so

also that possibly

So consider those things and well

The first thing is to recognize where to go

Where to go? No, I don't think so.

Well, that's a good prioritization there.

We'd have to see this start to work

In each of them I think that here, well

is limited

Or what is your opinion here in Mexico?

who does that

Someone works on this kind of thing

And here in Mexico, doctors

work has been done in a very scattered way

Well, mainly this

[Music]

Unlike, I believe, other countries...

Mexico focuses on the possibility of

the bees, why, because

Ultimately, what they want to see is...

actor is that which the bee won't tell you

Attacking them is stigmatizing the bees.

Africanized

and finally within the articles

scientists one can see, well, really

There is very little information about that then.

There is practically no work done with...

So I think this is fundamental

take these cards in our

hands and do something but between Paris is

where this has been most worked on, this is

He's working a lot in Türkiye, doctor.

So a lot in those countries is in

Türkiye in Ukraine surprised me

a lot about production levels

that they have as quickly this

They are taking the lead in

honey production and export as

They have overtaken us in the last eight

years so fast because they are working

in this regard

And they're not rusty, they don't go far.

Because of their possibility, a lot goes away

by production then they are

practically working because because

This production seems to encompass the rest.

And I see that my colleague is producing

Okay, automatically, like I can see

that the other aspects are

obviously not covering this

because you can't work there or

Conversely, how can I cover these?

points below pest resistance

and diseases and lead to a goal

docility

I can measure

The old queen comes out along with a bit

They assemble from bees, then, and obviously

because they leave the child covered with the

birth of a next queen but

Look at the number of those days.

As long as there's a real cell, doctor

inside already indicates that that order up to the

point of including as but if we wanted

So what is it that will improve?

We would have to measure whether there is or is not

This is an important and basic point.

That's whether or not there is a presence of

happy cells

That's because, well, I say once that

I see it, I don't believe it at first, but

She will have to be very attentive to how

couples are already behaving

They formed a female outside and want

assemble but the easiest thing is

check the inside

And finally, the beetle is organic.

This beetle, how do you do it?

How do we measure the resistance of these?

beetles already and having it to that

How do I do this first? I'm going to

to talk about the bar that already has axes

studies that have already been done more on this

The first step is to measure the mud infestation

In adults, we can do that with the

Dave and De Jong's method, which is washing

A sample is taken from bees in alcohol.

of 200 bees is a parameter that

SENASICA establishes in fact, namely in

Mexico has 200 bees in 70% alcohol

I agree with this percentage, but we need to

first verify that it is not present

the queen in the frame the honeycomb that

We're going to take it out because otherwise...

There we would be killing the queen

It would take a long time to recover

then a sample is taken

The bees wash it, it seeps in, it seeps in

alcohol and is placed on a white cloth

And that's where the bars are going to fall.

Then the bars will fall there and

Look, this is about 200 bees.

It was very difficult to count what he did

Exactly because one isn't taken for

Then the number of

bars between the number of bees times 7 and

the percentage is determined

mud infestation in adults thousand

horns

So this process is not a process

extremely economical is one of the

cheaper and easier processes

I don't need much to carry it out

investment in this regard is another point.

Another is barrier infestation in

offspring of another one froze quite a bit

interesting about this, I am that

I could really continue learning from

But I don't want to take advantage of you.

There is a lot of thanks to this, there wouldn't be

a class exclusively for this means

hygienic genes and we're not going to finish

to chat

But it's very interesting and important

Well, I think you're the one who's emerging.

specialist in all these things like that

And well, one learns a lot from...

Thank you for sharing, and we hope...

to continue getting to know each other

more of these

of these animals that can be this

Our saviors are not there, this is necessary

We need to take care of ourselves, since we must try to

also this without leaving them anything of the

obviously the social aspect

I think this is still one

superior importance not then without

discussion a very good area of

I study and I think I think you

You chose this one, you chose very well, I did.

Going back to the best of my adolescence

I would also say this, it's a shame that

I don't play anymore, but oh well.

We continue learning, and thank you very much.

That would be my entire contribution this week.

Thanks for the moment.

adolescence doctor I think I'm in

that stage

and still a long way to go

Thanks to Dr. Rodolfo, I'm going to ask him

Now go to their doctor and share with us

your questions please

Furthermore, he's opening his microphones right now.

Well, thank you very much. You're welcome.

I am grateful for the invitation to

to belong to this bank we go to

documents, thank you very much

I think I learned a lot of things like that

I learned many things during my stay.

I learned what Dr. Teresa did here

also many things when he did the

Dr. Emeterio Pairo stayed here

of the cross, that is, in the rooms one

As a teacher, he also learns from what

the student then brings from now on my

My thanks for that already

There are several things I would like to clarify.

First, I want to congratulate the doctor because

thesis

and it's generally not like that in the text.

as well written, let's say the spelling

semantics: using precise terms

Well, it makes reading easier and makes it easier

all the work of being able to do something like

observer of a work of

research that may allow me to offer an opinion

There are several things I would like to clarify.

From here, maybe it's possible

can give greater relevance to this

work and the first one I think is in the

In the lab, you used a technique

Very interesting, very precise for measuring

the brics grade of honey making those

curves

of illusion but let's say for the

beekeepers the work that delivers a

practical work for beekeepers in the

In your case, I suggested to you at some point

measure those honeys

I don't know if I still have those samples.

the entirety of the honey samples is

fake ones from the doctor, the one from the bees

and measure the brics degree using some

commercial refractometer

I hope they're analog, as they're cheaper.

I was looking online and they appeared

some

$15 refractometers are already very

cheap ones not every beekeeper can

then having to choose a refractometer

of their cheap and measure and try to

find a correlation between the measure

that you did a lab

and the measure that is made in it with the

device because that will allow the

beekeeper to have a very good

tool to decide when

to harvest, which is key to

that honey is accepted in the market.

have less than 20 percent real to

I can find out using the refractometer

It is, and the beekeepers who are good at it

The case of beekeepers is the subject of

that there is no generational change and

we need to focus the

condition of the centers at work

What you do makes me reflect on

two important aspects, the first is

that in Mexico there is no generational replacement

And it seems that this is a problem.

We have it at a world-class level in Colombia

since you are young and in high school

At Chapingo University, you have to

We need to, or rather, encourage with the

We put in that generational handover

boys trained in the area of

Beekeeping seems to me to be desired.

central objective of the thesis and it should

to say in the conclusions of that work

that's it, that analysis of

socioeconomic status of the producers of

Campeche and Quintana Roo, well, there is

showing that there is a need

imperative in schools

and universities are training each

more and more young beekeepers so that

generational change doesn't only happen in

quantity but in quality because also

I see that the current formation is not

Despite that, Mexico exports the best.

I think a lot of the honey is in

second point I want to reflect on

economic is not particular, it is economic

economic that is buying me who I am

Now it's in Arabia and now it's in Colombia

be

Africanized

areas is not only

not by the bees themselves but because the

The beekeeper is not making use of the

tools that research has already

left to say listen to the bee

Africanized, you can't have how it is

European bees have

And then there are no bases they can have.

communal but individual bases

Also look at the photos that you

shown in his apiary presentation

I don't know about Chapingo and Quintana Roo

Wherever I got a pair of size 37 scissors

centimeters then when you have

such a large entrance of those bees

They have a much greater life defense

If I reduce the number of entrances, I'll put it at the top.

instead of putting it down where there is nothing

flight chart because the defensive and that

It's going to be reduced much more then, like

No, the problem isn't just genetic.

but you are handling that, that's good

important but I was surprised

The fact that you... is surprising

Let's say three and a half harvests a year

in a, in a, it is in those states of

Mexico is amazing in the amount of

The honey they can harvest justifies it

that transhumance should not be practiced

beehives because there are several harvests of

Transhumance is justified when

There are only one or two harvests at most.

So that's really important per year.

data that you find and that you must

highlight in the conclusions because

That shows that it is beekeeping that

It's being done in Mexico, which is...

as a result of that beekeeping

ancestral in meliponas that Mexicans

have the aborigines done in a

ancestral, therefore it must be maintained because

That ecosystem is showing that

Well, another interesting thing is that I

meeting

is that he

and the added bonus of the honeys and that it doesn't

You mention in your thesis that

I should mention the plus of the

honeys from Africanized bees or from

Bees generally urinate because they are

honeys that gave a better, a greater

glucose-fructose ratio the product of

another glucose which means that they are

honey is what the market is asking for

We here in Colombia have a

Honey that's from here is called gel.

is showing better

higher fructose-glucose ratios

That honey is for people who are diabetic.

It's more fuel-efficient, so those extras...

that you are finding in your thesis

They need to be included in the results

and be very briefly with that honey

[Music]

that his comments

They are obviously extremely important

This is regarding what you

He mentions that it is quite clear.

I want to highlight that I have been venturing into axes

of public policies precisely to

regarding how to seek to reduce this

marketing of products that do not

honey in the markets has been

It's complicated, and you'll know that better than I do.

how complicated it is to get into

There are many of these public policies.

interests, but above all our power

acquisitive doctor then in one of

the important issues of this

our products that are displayed in

these markets where I had the

The proof is precisely that the prices

They are not very low, PSOE slightly more

low prices for genuine honeys

So, in that regard, what does it entail?

This is because we find ourselves facing those

difficulties because beekeepers I

I consider myself among them

We can hardly see what this is called

to compete with those products but another of

The thing is, it directly affects

agriculture is nothing more than culture

The Mexican woman was talking to Rodrigo about

There are countries in Colombia too, it's not there

exempt from those practices but this without

However, it is important now, along with

with the thesis supervisor we have

already treated, participating in some

I hope to be able to attend events very soon.

to go into the Chamber of Deputies

And this one, this one, I've been invited to others

then, on those occasions, power is already with your

to be with the observation that you me

He just did with his relationships to carry

well, more this

We were more familiar with this work on a more solid foundation.

not be there unless they allow me to.

present two or three slides there, well then

So that's one step forward, and this one too.

and what she was telling me about the matrix

What I have from that huge database is the

handles analyze the whole thing, but this one yes

I actually have this type of bee

who are managing one of the beekeeping

what percentage of producers are

how many using per European bee

organized and others of that is one is another

I hope you can be

There is a lot of participating in this document.

conditions

The few young people arriving at the activity

that there are these are inheriting the

activity but they are inheriting it like this

with the same knowledge of the

parents, so how can we do that?

I believe we need to develop a

training scheme for the public in

generally, but almost to the maximum

Thank you, doctor, I appreciate it very much.

while daily doctor garz little monkey

I just wanted to have an intervention

I exterminate bees, because only when

I was a kid and they used to chase me, king

when I receive the application and all that stuff

Honey put a light on the dresser this way and no

I know a lot, but I want to thank the doctor.

Tello to Giovanni there too that we

This accompanies what I think for us is

You did a pretty illustrative job.

very accurate analysis in eyes in few

minutes of a whole activity and a whole

problem

The sound would cut out a little sometimes.

Let's see when this one really doesn't

so we can take advantage of you and all your

equipment

Thank you very much, that's all I wanted.

Thank you, doctor.

Thank you, Rodolfo. Thank you.

Dr. Tello, we will now proceed with

Dr. Jorge Aguilar's turn to

that he makes his observations and asks questions

a3 ahead granted him the order thanks to

This Dr. García Muñiz

But I have to do it

I want to thank Dr. García.

in particular for inviting me to participate in

Reflecting on this, I realized that

In other words, thinking about the recommendations

They are brilliant and well in the case of ter

Thank you very much because I learn a lot.

according

a product that is unfortunately becoming

using this because because the

mud presence is high no

mainly due to the temperature and the

humidity of that area and this and whose

offered in honey because it does not appear

because it establishes delete with or

It represents very little, which is not

This limits the safety of the product and

It is used outside of flowering but

Those are the main components in

Production costs aside, then

This and some others, not like stationery

fuel among other things then but

Those are the main components.

perfect

And now we're going to do an analysis of

whether it's a financial flow trick

Effective forgiveness or a financial analysis

In other words, if you have a cost structure

which you already point out correctly

mainly variable and fixed

to extract the utilities you need

To make a profit, okay, it doesn't do it for you.

Just one piece of information is missing, very briefly

when it is perfect if you want them

income and subtraction costs

variables that you keep

revenue between variable costs and

revenue less variable costs - Andrés

lower variable costs, therefore the profit

gross profit and if we subtract the

I already have the profit for fixed costs

The perfect thing is that they make it this way

very general

what percentage of all costs that

You have variables and what percentages

They are fixed in the case of beekeeping

We have a variable cost of 85% and the

what percentage of food will be

representing in this in this concept

of the variable cost

the food / study that

corresponds to 38 percent of the

variable costs, well, this means

to say that it's a good part of your

genetic improvement of this

economic analysis that allows you

generate these innovation processes

They should be focusing on

These matters, right? Surely.

You had this somehow be

designated then at the end of the day a

cost analysis this without a doubt

This clarity will help you overcome any doubts.

saying yes and everything else that needs to be done

innovation processes or if everything that

for all that is convenient to do of one

line of research on STV issues

sense of agreement and in this in that

The matter has a following question

So with that one you haven't done yet

How many types of beekeepers could you

status

a victory

Let's say in several studies that someone

in the country some that have been affected

if they are, let's say, protagonists in

We realized that in the

Yucatan Peninsula, you know that

because we have a share of them

first-world agribusinesses that

can compete in good practices of

manufacturing already within the industry

doing everything that entails

conditioning honey for

Exports compete with any

agro-industry of the world because it has

need and the type of vanguard

etc. the problem they have in

occasions is what you point out the

beekeepers and only in the

activity as a distraction mechanism

Those are the ones who

They could probably be using

banned antibiotics

I'll get to count the forbidden ones tomorrow.

coming from beekeepers, as they would be

contaminating the honey of all the others

farmers who do things right

What could we do to prevent this?

kind of things but well this one that

We could do that; it could be a very good idea.

I have a firm stance.

And unfortunately, as in other places

We had talked on several occasions that it could

Indicating this could lead us to

to leave those beekeepers aside

So firstly, I don't want to

to say that all farmers

because many of them are

starting with the activity right now but

Let's talk mainly about those who

They use the activity as a distraction

They might have better options.

markets, for example, the coyote trade, which does not

is foreign to this culture of the

peninsula

This is what I always say, because...

economic matters this on the

What do I mean by vertical growth?

with this ability to work with those

beekeepers who are adopting the

Innovations are technologies

appropriate and guide them so that they

less going to 50 and 60 hives because

because they have made my grouping together more

universe

I can control the more easily

product quality speed of

establish traceability mechanisms

Who is delivering X or Y to me?

taxation product agreement

marketing

little

year

quality of life

of the Yucatan Peninsula

This data that is giving us that data

extremely important because if when

I tell them, they know we're going to work with

beekeepers with 95 hives clearly

We're talking about beekeepers who

They will depend exclusively on the

activity, what does that mean?

when they depend exclusively on the

activity because it generates income

enough for them and that's why they're going to

take great care with the quality aspect and

taint

Perfect, well this one without a doubt

that the market is a very

efficient for generating prosperity

although sometimes there are politicians who do it

They could label that neoliberalism

And that's really bad, I mean

The market definitely assigns

The market values ​​quality and prices.

That's probably what's needed

There is quite a bit of information available.

so that the consumer is aware

of the advantages of consuming honey and not

honey substitutes or analogues of fear

all these kinds of issues probably

because the same beekeepers who

curiously in the Yucatan Peninsula

They have the best quality and the lowest

Prices compared to the city center, those are

data that you all base roughly on

In the center, honey is more expensive but

you might find the one of lower quality

compared to the Yucatan Peninsula

So that's where the

opportunity to generate a campaign

promotion for consumption for the

consumer education and starting from

consumer of a more educated consumer

You could be pulling the demand for

goods of likely better quality

That alone would be very interesting.

There's another question I'd like to ask you.

Could it be that everything they do

producers of older beekeepers

advanced

This one is wrong.

And there it also allows you to ask, I would like to ask

that you reflect on what is a

The facts are situations that already exist.

change and the problem is that

adverse situation that may intervene

important

aspect

rather in a solution that is like this

how are there mosquito repellents

we had a biological repellent that

put the beekeeper in charge of the classes

of bees that are very aggressive, well, they already

whether or not they attack one and one can

taking advantage of their resistance

to diseases and all those benefits

which are overshadowed by the aggressiveness

of African bees

So there might be some there.

within what we see as a problem

a great opportunity to profit

I'm probably saying something that

He is very wrong, I repeat, but I had

I need to mention it because sometimes...

Problems are opportunities

Well, congratulations, but I don't

I'll elaborate further, this is Dr. Mandhir.

Valverde and Dr. Tello, we

They won several of the questions we had.

prepared long ago but the

You've answered quite well, and with you

Well, the discussions during the topic of

Your thesis has been extensive in both

in a group setting with the doctors, such as

This staff and you have several

pending, this is an opportunity

the research for the thesis topic

Here you close a chapter with certainty.

but

It opens up for you in this

Plants: Opportunities for the Future

to elaborate further on this topic that

As Dr. Ramírez Valverde said, it is

This promising project is very important and

There are few people in Mexico, at least, who

is addressing this in a way with

rather interdisciplinary teams

Individualities do what they do, and that's not it.

teams not only within their institution

from Chapingo, but this search, how have you

made in Colombia or elsewhere with

the best to the role models for

They are making quite a bit of progress

Thank you, Dr. Jorge Aguilar. I'll be there in a few hours.

And as you say

Now they've finally left me this very little bit.

The story I have with Tere Tere was my

We did our undergraduate thesis

beekeeping electives in programs

extremely

Their doctor's technology, then.

Not useful, here I'm going to show you that

That's indeed the case, and finally...

That's right, we haven't had any problems.

No, about that, the bees came in and...

which García Muñiz commented on briefly

the entrances directed towards the walls

Well, we can practically see each other.

They received the photo I showed there.

final where I give thanks because

practically none of the bees

fluttering then there's the importance

Today we'll discuss what this system means.

Dr. García Núñez commented on his

ask if we can generate this other one

type of products, well obviously it already has

mixed with honey naturally

that they store it in the cells and everything

That clarification is very important.

Dr. Tello, it must be a milk

Lactose-free brass honey is very

important is listening to the cut I

also talk about fruit and honey

So, how could they not use concentrates?

mango, blueberries, and other things, this one

other fruits that perhaps don't

They have a big market, we can do some

Combining it with that isn't the way to get it out

a natural product, I obviously with the

This one with the benefit of honey

bee then like the bees this one

swallow this and then mix it with their

enzymes, such as the production process

of honey and deposit it in the cells

This, through ventilation, releases

humidity and how we can somehow

generating that product is not worth mentioning

that it has not been an investigation

quite broad but it is somehow

We can open it and that will

to add a fairly strong value no

especially here in Texcoco I'm going to

to comment on a particularity of Texcoco

There are those in Texcoco, I understand that.

fresh and the newer the better

I'm here precisely because they say that

Texcoco is where there are more professionals

per square meter then around there

could do this

The same applies to this in a potential market.

for these products

and in that part where I wanted to

I would reflect because somehow

As Dr. T says, it can happen

added value something that may already be

depressed price and use honey

as a vehicle for that purpose this is me

This happens, for example, on another route.

interesting and about designing these products

beneficial to human health already

We were talking about diabetes in other people.

things that are honey with antioxidants

think, for example, of those cakes

protein compounds that made up what is all

as a sign of teaching the students

and how to work, for example, with

with something very much our own here with the with the

colored corn because they have a

large quantities of anthocyanins are the

natural pigments with capabilities

information in the literature quite a lot

This abundant information on those effects of the

antioxidants then we

different formality of different

concentrations are social

that would form the basis for those

cakes

and start working

honey with those types of compounds, well...

Another example is working with this

They are recommended for diabetic people.

own

Exactly, doctor, there is an area.

Let's create these areas of opportunity or

likely

structured genetic improvement

Well, it seems to me that it's the program

structured genetic improvement or

Let it be clear, having there the part of

hive production but I would say

which would have to be very, very, very directed

to

to generate bees that do not require that not

They required antibiotics and needed to be cared for.

alone, grooming themselves, that they were alone

maybe after not getting sick and neither

They are so susceptible to pests that there are

In general, that would be like...

where I would aspire to have the bees of

I don't think Guatemalan will be around in another 40 years.

both of a very fast kind since

a generational gap if I am not

both in adolescence but I think that

We can do it

Okay, well that's it, that's all.

I would have this for it

I'll ask you here in the chat.

They sent a request, I don't know what it is.

It would be because it says they could be done to

New questions by country, I don't know if

Someone from Argentina who is around

Because he sent me this, well, what culture is he from?

Without borders, yes, yes, yes, yes, I could.

Let's see, doctors, go ahead.

earlier topic with asking him for a little song

Because of this or dictates fire, we don't give you a

break when we read man that you

forward

Well, while it's coming, in the meantime, I'm fine.

I found out these are all lactose

Well, I had always thought that

that

Well, in Mexico it's not really a problem.

They've treated us so harshly lately

a little bit of selling the idea also with

the lactose-free milks given and all that

We know that there are some in the world

other countries that have a conflict

serious but the genetically population

has serious problems with lactose

That's not the case for us, but I'm not.

have thought that the increase in the

age of the people, that is, before they died

In terms of life expectancy, let's say it was

fewer then many of these problems

because they are being generated at ages

advanced then, and as people now

He lives longer, then he begins to be a

You also have a problem with energy

We have people in their seventies and eighties.

Here we go

knock on wood

But then this really is

It becomes an important issue now

in any population, that's why

that level is so high that it is still

taking into account life expectancy

Interesting topics here, I think.

that we are all learning a lot and

This man is interesting.

and the execution is spoken of here it is

This activity has many, many

important points to discuss and if

Time is really what makes us.

I think this one is missing, but oh well, this one

I think it was a good sample, wasn't it?

Yes, I definitely think this has

given for plenty of fabric to cut

Telecom's presentation, well now then

which is a revolution that started there in

I'll tell you about the postgraduate program here.

attendees at the talk that the exam of

Tere, that somehow, well, no

We had it until before the

Tere's arrival, a line of work in

agriculture

Interestingly, it won't let me enter.

Here is Dr. Rodolfo Ramírez who

I would put a student like that with a

a rather strange project, because the only thing that

They propose Dr. Garcia very much and his

I already take the students.

who thus arrive with average proposals

be outside of what the channel is

main of our postgraduate program in

then animal production

Well, I fortunately got it there.

accompanied by Dr. Jorge

Joel Aguilar, Dr. Ramírez Valverde and

then later Tehran with its

management of stay, because he got on board

of the responsibility Dr. Tello and

Well, let's see now what has

There is no more activity generated than

is developing television throughout its

study program the contacts that

He has the talks he has been invited to give.

to

Maybe they won't give it here in Mexico

the Mexican Academy of Sciences has given it to us

requested on several occasions to

specific talks about

Beekeeping, then, is ours

here at the university and from some

manner

and has known how to send the message and therefore

And now, if we are indeed here...

interacting with so many people

It's a fairly extensive network.

of friends and people with interests

similar in bees and that can

to be appreciated, and I am very pleased that

This is happening right now

Thank you, doctor. Is there anything else I can add?

ahead, but well, here with the work

Tello Pulse recognize that they are some

I work more with the quality department

Safety obviously, but in Colombia

We were talking when I first arrived

So, to Colombia they're throwing me into the ring to

It is from a presentation related to the

beekeeping in Mexico in which

I specifically explained to them about pests.

that are affecting us in Mexico, not in

That moment, well, that's the little one.

tub beetle food

I remember this, and in September of

In 2019, the 18-gallon container mentioned that in

Colombia, that plant didn't exist there.

then this would seem

I don't know what kind of joke it was, around November.

in the last week of the emergency

precisely this is the same for us

accompanied by engineers or technicians

This Jaime Gil Puntocom pillar of this

who collected a sample in the valley

from Cauca and then took in the first

I said the place, well, the doctor would say.

that the mind the mentality of

researcher, because I didn't say I can leave

The beetles are there, well, I'm leaving now.

We'll see what happens in a week, but well, one day

And at night I clung to the estuary, I trusted

and checking the internet and this and

unfortunately because of that stress

I don't know if it's a good memory or a bad one.

I remember, but I left them precisely the

study not where I can confirm that it is

indeed what they had in mind in

Colombia was the little beetle of the

beehive, which is one of the most important contributions

important to highlight in a

University server

Chapingo Autonomous University together with the National

from Colombia, and after that, well, this

action was taken, no longer

Firstly, I should mention that

Many people are lacking a little bit of

This is thanks because on that time

that this was intended to generate another product

For the market, it seems like that plague that if

I said the other one was the trolls, well

We present something I don't do in the

And I think they've already agreed with him now.

I don't know what the current status is important.

quite important, isn't it? And that

containers required by the buyer

And let's go to exporting then, no

It's a product that is stored, but yes

It would be a very important study to see how

of the degradation time of those

Antibiotics in honey are not how they are

They degrade over time and also

to do the study of beeswax

As he said at some point, these

antibiotics from these residues

antibiotics can be eliminated by

complete not of the wax or if it does not cause

some this something metal itself that

This will be implemented there, but it's another one.

Rodrigo is currently studying his thesis

precisely the grade that I am

presenting, then, this is precisely what

that bothered us most in the center of

Mexico is in the city precisely

of the State of Mexico today and the city of

Mexico is precisely about eating

action of the adulterated product but

Well, I dare say it's a fake product.

So this is one of the most important parameters

important for defining generality

of the product, because it is precisely the

composition of sugars then how

we can see this in the study because

We have practically no doubt left.

that the honey marketed in the market

municipal here near the

Chapingo University, this is a

product expected then we can

go further with an MRI

nuclear then to define although

The compound is not made of then because

We're not even talking about syrup.

of sugar that sucrose and neither

Amy, I'm really terrified of what product.

then, and you will know much better than

I know those products are directly

related to the deterioration of

human health then there

importance of why it encompassed

mainly the sugar, honey and

because it covers the parameter of

Brix degrees Brix degrees as mentioned

The doctor, but it's a basic parameter

that can quickly stimulate your appetite

So unfortunately, there are

the reading of Greek degrees in the

product marketed as honey

which we will do with the teacher

adulterated then where practically

because they don't present it as a yellow color

it turns white like soft rubber and

water or any other solvent if not

doctorate

the break

association

we realize the big ones

It has to be a large number of beehives

but but but this by means of

people that we have that 65%

which would be the majority of producers

Beekeepers, because they have a great great

impact on honey production and

with them are the ones we

we would start working on all the

people who are just starting out

universities through the chain then

They are the ones who are going to start

work with this 65% because they are

The wise ones, because of that knowledge, you already know

also those mentioned, that is, the hobby

The list has a completely different purpose.

In other words, the lawyer, since he is not 100% dependent on

Your time is not an activity

complementary that represents a

also represent him in the part

He avoids this type of training.

The best speakers have the best

words have the best teams of

extraction

but that large group of small

We can start interacting

and well

best teams

because having knowledge is not enough.

We agree that it is also

It is important to have materials and

suitable equipment to develop the

activity where knowledge is key

materials and equipment suitable for the

activity but we through

We cannot provide them with training

To resolve that point then, that's where it is

where policy axes come in

public how can we work with the

government in such a way that that government

is supporting us with the assets

productive

and the universities and centers of

research in turn generate the

knowledge and make the transfers

Therefore, it is extremely important to consider

These are the three actors involved

then and in addition to this, these

research centers, then, are

really trained mainly the

what characteristics should the

product what volume is required because

exclusive

one

company

production once we do our

output

We jump to the other point of making a

quality and safety study of

our products in such a way that

Let's create this plan

business is what we call a plan

business where we can

clearly specify what type of honey

We are sure that this species will go apis

mellifera no, we already know this, place of

origin mortal source and here of said

honey per lumen, during what periods can I not

honey, see how the dynamics are

production throughout the year see when

the largest honey production is concentrated there

features that they have are being seen

We're no longer going to go to the components that

minerals, vitamins, antioxidants, and everything else

That's not all, but the most important points.

sugars received and contaminants and

All that, and seeing all that, and now yes

clearly establish our plan

business and continue with our plan

We can't get on business

Nothing like that, you have to arrive with something.

What is the mechanism of action?

to develop beekeeping but

production, what I was telling them

[Applause]

[Music]

Well

bee

But that's not beekeeping, it's not

entertainment also from America

agriculture that those bees do not affect

Well, our native bees too.

which are extremely important for

because for ecosystem balance and

for us as biodiverse countries

Colombia, Mexico, and Brazil

Where am I now? What can we do to...

that's something to keep in mind too

grow in beekeeping but have

also consider talking about more bees

Okay, well, first of all, this is nothing.

more in Brazil there was a strong recession in

beekeeping since there was a procession

It's quite likely that Mexico is the same.

Here is Dr. Tello, who was a

student of Doctor Care and always me

They asked me first

It recalls a question from Dr. Robot.

once I spoke about Africanization

We talked about that about bees, and he told me, well

One almost laments, no, but the doctor

who did this but not because it was late or

This would have happened sooner, wouldn't it?

Perhaps a bad thing led to a good thing

That's resistance.

diseases of these bees and others

many this

What are the important aspects called and me?

Comment on the negative effects of this.

that it has had on the native bee in

This case about melipona bees, well

This firstly, well, this we could

talk about

and the genetics of these bees

Africanized that at the time then

Obviously, genetics plays a role.

Tragically, it was 50/50 then.

This is pretty strong, isn't it? Then they

They tend to catch the bees then

Africanized animals have a high

pillaging behavior that

That was probably the same thing.

It affected native bees because...

the bees entered this

native bees and this and they were stealing the

No honey, then that's what they say

These are the studies that are said to be

So, apart from that, because of its high...

sensitivity and the

almost zero capacity of the

Melipona bees to defend themselves then

That's where the bees went.

Africanized and it should be noted that these

Bees are not considered the organism in

more important forms of the last

times then here in Mexico

Unfortunately, this bee arrived in 1986.

And from there it has spread, it is not

all the way to Florida, over there in Mexico, but

And well, speaking of this...

harmful effects that could occur

This has caused it, so it should be noted here that

when the Africanized bee arrived in

In 1986 there were some extremely

important ones that they only handled if they were

large production companies alone were not

These associations with Charlotte honey that

He managed over 40,000 beehives but

They basically depended on

workers

They hired a lot of people for management

of the bees and once it is introduced

The workers ran away in terror.

They abandoned the activity and so

Have you heard of 1000 Carlota?

Obviously, the brand carries weight.

Quite a lot, but now only the brand remains, no.

Mexico is Acapulco Honey along with this

another company that they jointly managed

There are over 15,000 beehives.

not only in Brazil, but also in Colombia

practically throughout America

production since it is introduced

That bee's decline then

What the study I reviewed says is

that Africanized bees had

such a strong capacity that they entered the

the queen of the European bee that said

We don't want European bees

gets excited

They introduced African bees and that

now called Africanized by the

crossing this to what we

We now have, then, practically the

then we haven't heard when I

at least I haven't heard this anymore

strong statements regarding the

that you mention that continue to have an effect

negative in Filipinos with bees

Meliponas

I haven't heard that, it doesn't feel like it.

because I heard it in our

recent times, in its beginnings yes but

Not anymore because what has happened

has been doing this in all countries

honey producers what they

He mentioned that he's been making changes.

of bees pages and practically

They always go with the bees in a

that the defensive wake be reduced

from the bees a

Meekness a little high, but oh well.

It would involve explaining quite a bit about genetics.

generation and everything is how this is

This effect, but undoubtedly, well, and

I have been to the Yucatan Peninsula with

he

Mayan bee' Mexican ear then this

according to the results in the

research on sugars and some

graphs that you present on the

correlations is what we have which is much

The more dispersed the honey's contents are, the more it disperses the honey's contents.

sugar and no honey from Nelly puts that

This means they visit the largest

I haven't heard that in at least years.

negative effect of bees

Africanized

Very good, thank you very much.

just to add to what's relevant, if

Quiroga should read the latest works of

Rubik's Cube at the Smithsonian in Panama

to make a rhythm against the African bees

Africanized

found by himself where I see

all the years I have experience in

I've seen a raid by Apis on the

They defend very well against pillaging

And it's important to see that because there are

That's a myth that existed, that the

Africanized bees are displacing

more so due to the use of pesticides, that is

And it's interesting to see how in Mexico

next and never

It was mentioned that the bees

Honey, then, is that kind of

traps set by the gringos

then in Yucatan, and they were unsuccessful

the

questions from the synod and the public

See you later!