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Cell is the smallest unit of the organism All cells have three similarities, no matter what kind of cell they are All cells have a membrane that separates cells from their environment Cytoplasma, which is a liquid like jelly and DNA, which is a genetic cell material There are two major categories of cells The first category is eukaryotic cells They have organelles
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which includes the core and other parts of the body. Prokaryotic cells are more complex cells, as found in plants and animals. The second category is prokaryotic cells. They do not have a nucleus or membrane to cover the organelle. They have genetic material but are not contained in the core of the cell. Prokaryotic cells are always one cell or unicellular organisms like bacteria. So what is organelle? Organelle means small organ.
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is a part of the cell that has a unique function to be done. Let's start with the core, namely the cell control center. The core or nucleus contains DNA or genetics. DNA provides the activity that the cell does and how it will be done. The chromatin nucleus is a form of DNA that spreads in the nuclear membrane. When the cell is ready to split, DNA is attached to a structure known as a chromosome. The core also contains a nucleolus,
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which is the structure where ribosomes are made After ribosomes leave the nucleus, they will have an important task to synthesize or make proteins Outside the nucleus, ribosomes and the rest of the organs are floating in the cytoplasm which is liquid like jelly Ribosomes can be free to flow in the cytoplasm or attached to the reticulum endoplasm which is sometimes associated with RE There are two types of RE
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Re-Kasar has a ribosome that sticks to it and Re-RH-Alus does not have a ribosome that sticks to it. Reticulum endoplasma is a membrane that is closed to absorb substances such as proteins in the ribosome's cytases. Proteins and other substances appear from reticulum endoplasma through small vesicles where the Golgi apparatus, sometimes called the Golgi substance, will receive them. Proteins move through the Golgi substance
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then they will be transformed into a form that can be used by cells. Golgi cells do this by folding proteins into forms that can be used or add other ingredients to them, such as lipids or carbohydrates. In the growth, the follicles are structures of the stomach like the intestines that store different materials. Here, in the growth cell, the central follicle serves to store water. Back to the animal, you will see an organ called the lysosome.
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Lysosomes are garbage collectors who take up damaged cells. They are the enzyme that will break the garbage in the cell. Mitochondria is the organ that provides energy and electricity for both cells, both animal and plant cells, during the process called cellular respiration. Mitochondria makes ATP molecules that provide energy for all cell activities. Cells that need more energy will have more mitochondria.
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while the cell maintains its shape by using cytoskeleton. Cytoskeleton includes microfilaments such as the fiber made of protein and microtubules which are thin, hollow cells. Some organisms, such as the photoautotropic plant, they catch the sunlight for energy. The plant cell has an organ called chloroplast. Chloroplast is where photosynthesis occurs.
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This is green because it has a green pigment called chlorophyll. Plant cells also have cell walls outside their membrane cells as a form supporter and protect plant cells. Animal cells never have cell walls. There are other unique structures that only some cells have. Can be seen as follows. In animal cells, for example, the respiratory tract is coated with cells that have cilia. This is a microscopic hair that can move like a balloon.
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This feature helps the host to absorb particles in the air and remove them when you cough. Another unique feature in some cells is the flagella. Some bacteria have flagella. A flagella is like a small tail that can help the cell steps or dig itself. The only human cell that has a flagella is the sperm cell.
