MASA PENDUDUKAN JEPANG DI INDONESIA - SEJARAH - MATERI UTBK SBMPTN DAN SIMAK UI - Part.1

Hello, Edson's friends! Hello, Pintar! Meet again with me, Andi, a history tutor at Edson.id. This time, we will discuss the material about the Japanese occupation in Indonesia. Let's watch it together!

Okay, Edson's friends, in this discussion, we will see how Indonesia's condition during the Japanese occupation was in the Second World War. So we have to make sure and then we understand that the Japanese occupation in Indonesia occurred during the Second World War. When exactly did Japan occupy Indonesia?

Japan has been living in Indonesia for about three years. From 1942 to 1945. Why did 1942 become the beginning of Japanese occupation? We know that in 1942 a promise of surrender of the Dutch Indian territory from the Dutch to Japan was signed. Which we then know as the capitulation

Kalijati. So, the Kalijati capitulation is the sign of the Dutch Indian territory's surrender from the Dutch to Japan. So, why did 1945 become the last sign of the Japanese occupation in Indonesia? Because 1945 was marked by Japan's surrender without conditions to the allies.

So by giving Japan without a condition to the allies in August 1945, Japan then gave the territory they occupied, namely Indonesia, to the allies. But when there was a vacuum of power or a lack of power when Japan

to surrender the Dutch or Indonesian Hindia to the allies, but the allies have not yet come to Indonesia. The vacuum of power is then used by the Indonesian people, used by Indonesian national figures to proclaim the independence of Indonesia.

So what must be emphasized and must be understood by your friends and friends is that the Japanese occupation started in 1942 and ended in 1945. Now, friends, let's see what is the background that caused the Japanese to occupy the Indonesian region.

We know that at the end of the 19th century, there was a very significant change in Japan when Kaisar Mutsuhito, also known as Tenno Meiji, made a restoration or change in all aspects of life towards Japan. Which caused Japan to appear as an industrial country. In its development, Japan, which changed to be an industrial country, eventually appeared as an imperialist country.

Why? Because as an industrial country, Japan needs a lot of raw materials to support its development as an industrial country. Therefore, at the end of the 19th century, Japan then fought against China to conquer the area of ​​Semananjung, Korea. Then in the early 20th century,

It became a war between Japan against Russia, which was successfully won by Japan in the war that took place in 1904-1905. In the war, Japan managed to get one of the previously dominated territories by Russia, namely the Sakhalin Islands.

Therefore, Japan's development as an imperialist country caused concerns for the United States. Therefore, the United States, along with three other countries, namely the Netherlands, the UK, and Australia, formed what we then know as the ABDACOM. American, British, Dutch,

Australian Command. What is the purpose? The purpose is to avoid and prepare the possibility of an attack that will be made by Japan on the territories that are ruled and occupied by the four countries. Seeing the development of Japan as an imperialist country, the United States then made an embargo on Japan's interests, namely when the United States decided to embargo the needs of Japan on oil and oil.

then the US actions that embargoed Japan on oil, which became a base for Japan to attack the US position, the position of the US military base in Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. Here we can see that the reason for the attack by Japan against the US military base in Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941

is a fruit of the United States' actions that impregnated Japan with oil. So from that, when Japan decided to attack Pearl Harbor, the Second World War broke out in the Pacific region of Asia, which we later also know as the Pacific War or the East Asian War. In its development,

When Japan managed to destroy the US military base in Pearl Harbor, Japan then rushed into the Southeast Asian region. In December, Japan managed to occupy the Philippines, then occupied the land of Southeast Asia, and waited until the Indonesian archipelago was occupied by Japan.

In its development, we all know that in January 1942, only one month after the Japanese success attacked the US military base in Pearl Harbor, Japan then entered Indonesia. Where exactly? Exactly in the Tarakan area of ​​Kalimantan. Now we can see what becomes the background of the occupation done by Japan over the Indonesian territory. The first is caused by the need

Japan related to oil and soil. We know that in war conditions,

Japan needs oil supply to support its war industry. So by dominating Indonesia, which is known as the region of oil production, then the steps taken by Japan then by attacking the Kalimantan Islands region, which is known as the region of oil production. So the first background is the need for Japan to provide oil to the earth that can support the importance of the war.

The second is to get support from the Indonesian people. We know that the Indonesian people is a very large nation. There are tens of millions of people who then become part of the Indonesian people. In Japan's view, if Japan manages to get support from the Indonesian people, then Japan has hope to win World War II. Therefore, when Japan then occupies

In Indonesia, Japan then considered itself as an old brother of the Indonesian people who came to save Indonesia, free Indonesia from the enslavement done by the Netherlands. Because of that, when Japan entered Indonesia, Japan received warm welcome from the Indonesian people who considered that Japan was indeed the liberator of the Indonesian people.

So the second background is to get support from the Indonesian people. We will also see that the support given by the Indonesian people at the beginning of Japan's arrival was not only done by ordinary people, but also done by Indonesian national movement figures. As an example are Soekarno and Muhammad Han.

We know that Soekarno Hatta is a person who then has a strong attitude towards the colonization of the Netherlands. It appears that later Soekarno read his playdo, which is called "Indonesia is in the court of the State of Bandung" when Soekarno was approved by the Dutch colonial government. But during the Japanese occupation, we know that Soekarno was once involved as one of the leaders in an organization formed by Japan, namely

The Central Rocket Force together with three other national figures, namely Muhammad Hatta, Ki Hajimas Mansur, and Ki Hajar Dewantara. Comrade Edson, it has been mentioned that one month after Japan attacked the US military base in Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941,

In January 1942, Japan finally came to Indonesia. Which region was then visited by Japan for the first time in Indonesia? Not Java, not Sumatra, but Kalimantan. There is a special reason behind the domination or arrival of Japan to the territory of Kalimantan which was then successfully occupied by Japan. Because Kalimantan, as mentioned at the beginning, is the region of oil producers.

And the first city that was successfully occupied by Japan in Indonesia was Tarakan. Tarakan was successfully conquered by Japan around 11 January 1942.

With the Japanese success in occupying the city of Tarakan, then other cities in the island of Kalimantan then annexed by Japan. In turn, the cities in Kalimantan that were successfully dominated by Japan, besides Tarakan, are Balikpapan. We know that Balikpapan is also a city of oil producers located on the island of Kalimantan. Then Pontianak, then Samarinda,

and Banjarmasin

These are the cities that were successfully occupied by Japan in the Kalimantan Islands. After successfully occupying Kalimantan, Japan did not directly enter the Javanese island, but first occupied the Sumatra region. Why? Because in Sumatra there is one city of oil producers that we later know is Palembang. So after successfully securing Kalimantan, Japan then went to Sumatra.

Sumatra was then successfully dominated by Japan. Therefore, the success of Japan in dominating Kalimantan and Sumatra caused the Javanese island area to become open for the Japanese troops. At the end of February 1942, a great battle took place between the Japanese troops against the Dutch troops, which was later known as the Battle of Javanese Sea or the Battle of Javasi.

In its development, after managing the Kalimantan and Sumatra regions, Japan then entered the Javanese island region. At least there are three places in the Javanese island that were then entered by Japanese troops. The first is the Teluk Banten area, then the Eretan Wetan area. This is one of the areas in Indramayu. And another is Kraghan.

which is part of the Rembang region. These three regions were then first entered by Japanese troops in the Javanese island region. The result of the Japanese troops entering Teluk Banten, Eretan, Wetan, and Keragan caused

The Dutch army and the Dutch colonial government became more and more depressed. The result is clear. The result is on March 8, 1942, the Dutch declared surrender to Japan and then signed a treaty between the two parties that we know as the Caligari Capitulation. So on March 8, 1942,

signed the agreement which then we know as the Caligati capitulation. Caligati is a region that is located in the Subang region now. Who then represents the parties between the Netherlands and Japan? The Netherlands was then represented by one of its military generals, Lieutenant General Ter Porten. While Japan

then represented by Hitoshi Imamura. The Dutch were represented by Lieutenant General Ter Porten, while Japan was represented by General Hitoshi Imamura. So with the appointment of the Caligari capitulation in Subang on March 8, 1942, the

Then the Hindia-Belanda power or the government of the Dutch colonial over Indonesia and the Indonesian territory was then handed over to Japan. So we can see that the result of the Kalijati capitulation is the surrender of the Dutch Hindia or Indonesia to Japan.

So with the arrival of the JETI capitulation, Japan officially dominated Indonesia. In its development, Japan then implemented many policies in Indonesia, both policies in the field of government, military, political, social, cultural, and economic. In its development, we know that the actions taken by Japan, many get resistance from the Japanese nation.

Indonesia. Among them, the resistance carried out by the military, the resistance carried out by the ulama, as well as the resistance carried out by the farmers. How? Can you understand?

So, my friends, our material discussion about the Japanese occupation in Indonesia, where we have discussed the background, then the cities occupied by Japan, and the Caligati capitulation. Hopefully it will be useful. See you again at the next video discussion. Of course, with me, Kak Andi, a history tutor at Sun.id. Greetings, smart people! That's all, my friends, for today's learning video.

See you again in the next learning video. Don't forget to activate notifications for our latest videos. Tetsen friends can also visit atsen.id and find thousands of learning videos. See you Tetsen friends, Pintar Greetings!