PONDASI PANCANG : part1a_Definisi, Fungsi & Jenis Pancang - Hinawan T. Santoso, ST, MT

Good afternoon friends, we will discuss at this meeting related to the material in the foundation rekayasa this time we will discuss about the inner foundation in previous meetings you have learned various types of foundation dangkal

and how to calculate the capacity there is a palm foundation, there is a construction foundation, etc. then yesterday the last foundation of the foundation this time we have started to enter the foundation of the inside in this section we discuss about the long pole foundation the plan is because the discussion is quite long so

We divide the topic into two, the first is part 1 this time we will discuss the definition, function, and type and way of planning or calculation of the support power of the Tiang Panjang Foundation. Later in the second part, we will discuss the support power of the Tiang Group and also

the implementation method of long pole foundation and the method of protection on the field Okay, I start from the definition of the function and type of long pole foundation What is included in the long pole foundation? It is one of the types of inner foundations Remember, the inner foundation yesterday was when L divided by B is more than 4, DF or L

The foundation is very slender compared to the height or depth or length, so it enters the inner foundation. I continue, where this foundation serves to move or transfer the loads from the construction above to the deeper layers of land.

If yesterday maybe with a low foundation, it's because the hard-to-support soil layer is in a low position For this deep foundation, the function is that if later the load is quite large and the hard-to-support soil layer is placed in a deep position, so to support it we need a longer foundation

So, like that, this foundation, for example, there is a high-rise house or hotel, because the hard ground position is below, so we can hold the weight above it, it needs to be transferred from the position of the building below to the hard ground. To reach this, one of them can be used is a long pole foundation.

This is the mining process, we will learn in the second part This is also for the process of mining The goods are produced outside or published, then they are brought to the field, then they are mined in the field Different from the foundation of dams or ponds, yesterday they can be mined in the place

If this long foundation is large or large, it is precast or fabrication So on the field it is only extended and when it enters the ground and enters from the design or plan of the support power, we just use it What are the functions and uses of a long foundation? So this is the first to continue the building load that is placed above

For example, there are dead, living and other burdens, for example, cross-country and so on Which is placed above the water or the soil to a stronger support soil So the function was because the strong support soil was placed inside

whether it is in a water position like this or in a land position but it is deep enough, then it is required of the function and use of long pole foundations. The second is to continue the load on the land that is relatively shallow to a certain depth so that the building foundation is able to provide sufficient support to support the load.

the slope of the wall wall with the surrounding soil. What is the difference with the first one? The first one is that the hard soil is covered by this foundation, this wall, until the hard soil. In the second case, the hard soil is very deep, so it is impossible to cover it, so we take advantage of the slope between the soil and the slope of the long wall.

We will explain later what the calculation is like, what conditions should be paid attention to, we will also learn later. Next, to anchor buildings affected by the rise of the upper lift due to hydrostatic pressure or rolling moment. This is also for the term so that the building is not blocked, maybe because there is a pressure to the sea,

so that our building is not torn down or what is it called, is covered by the hydrostatic lift of water, then it is lifted with a long foundation. That's one of the functions.

Then to hold horizontal and vertical styles For example, this is a ship, this is usually the main style of work, except for the weight on it, the vehicle, to disassemble the load This is a horizontal burden due to the ship that will sail This ship that will sail has a fairly large horizontal burden, one of which will be held by the long pole

Then to consolidate the sand so that the support capacity increases This can also be a case when the pole is collected or a pole group where the soil condition is sand When we expand it, the sand will be consolidated because of the pressure from the right side due to the long pole that we put into the soil This can also increase the capacity

Also to support the foundation of buildings whose surface is easy to be flooded Well, like this, Dermaga or on the bridge This is because there is a stream of sea water or a stream from the river If we use a dam foundation, later because there is a flood Our foundation will be visible and even if the flood continues It can be from the support will drop because the ground below

is surrounded by water flow or stream. In such cases, we use a longer and deeper foundation so that it will not be blocked by water. As information, maybe almost 80% of the bridges in the city are collapsed not because of the weight on the top building, but because of failures in the lower building, especially in the foundation.

What is the cause? The most dominant is due to water spraying or scoring Because it is sprayed, it is shaken, so the foundation that fails or fails the upper building also fails Okay, I continue

That was the detailed functions, but if we look at the functions of the long pole, if in various structures, it can be used for bridges. This is for the pillar, this is the top building, this is the pillar, below here there is usually a pelcap, below this pelcap to unite the long pole. This is also possible in water. Then on the ground it can also be used for bridges.

There is also a structure that the pole is visible Usually the structure system is a pelslap, so the pelslap is the pole The length is deliberately visible above the ground But because he uses a system like that The distance between the stones is not too long, it is only about 5-6 meters That's for

usually in the land of the moon, it starts like this, this is the pole, it is stretched, it is visible, then on top of it is given a slab or floor slab, it is united like that, it is also constructed in the middle of the sea, it can also be used or used a lot, the structure of the pole foundation, because it is the practicality where it is

come from the publisher, then it is expanded, after that we can immediately print for the pallet and the building above it that's one of the uses

In addition to the bridge, there are also buildings, which are also widely used. It is indeed adjusted if the building is usually much smaller in size. Usually there are 30, 40, 50, depending on the calculation and needs on the field. These are some examples, this is a round long pole, made of concrete, then this is a box.

or square of concrete, even there is a system that is concrete but the shape is like the letter H, HBIM but the shape of concrete is also precased this is the implementation process for buildings like this it can also be used for water buildings, I have already mentioned one of them for the dam

In Dharmaga, it can be used either concrete or concrete poles The implementation process is different, if on the land with the crane tool, the tool to do mining, it can be on land, but if in the sea we have to use concrete poles

This is what we need to pay attention to, the ponton must have a certain capacity, then the crane must be a certain size, so that it is not "failed" when we do the construction. We will learn this later in the implementation method in terms of construction. It can also be that the shape from above has not been like this, from below it is a dam or a bridge whose system is a pelt slab.

Besides on land, it can also be used in the sea. For example, the sea pelslep is the one on the Bali Mandara toll. You can search it on Google, it uses a long pole in the sea, then the top is drilled to make a bridge pelslep.

Okay, I continue, this is what I repeated earlier, so the use is used if the ground of a building does not have enough support or building capacity to withstand the weight of the building and the work load. Or if the hard ground that has a solid support is placed in a very deep position, so there are two conditions where

First, the elevation of the land that has enough support power is in a very deep elevation condition Or the second condition, he does not have enough support power

Because the position of the hard soil is very deep, but we can use it later Due to the friction or friction of the wall wall to be able to accommodate the weight of the building and the working load So there are two of those friends who we will examine later Well, in general, this wall is stretched straight into the ground but

if needed to hold the horizontal style, then the pole can be extended or called as a butter pile this is usually seen or can be found in construction of a dam or jetty if you get a horizontal style, for example, this straight, the moment is easy to be bent when we make a butter or a slope pole, they strengthen each other

The slope angle can be reached later depending on the height of the tool How big is the height of the tool, for example in the sea, how big is the crane, the capacity of the pontoon or what is the name of the ship, the barge or the pontoon to place this crane, how big it will affect from

the slope of the boom from the crane maybe you have learned in heavy equipment or construction equipment later the more the boom is inclined, it will need counterweight or the weight of the weight on the back is getting bigger or the safe number when it is straight and more inclined later will be different

it will be safer if the crane is in a straight position rather than the boom or the boom is tilted also adjusted according to the plan, how much degree of tilt it needs or how much is the ratio of 1: 1, it can also be okay, I continue

Types of long poles can be divided into two types, one is based on the material used. We can see that there are wooden long poles, there are still wooden ones and many are still used today. There are concrete long poles, concrete long poles are of the type of precast reinforced concrete pile.

pre-cash, pre-stress, concrete pile, and cash in place. What is the difference between A and B? In Indonesian, it is a long pole with a pre-cash bone. B is a long pole, pre-stress, or pre-cash. So, the top bone is just a normal bone without any

Maybe you have learned it during your general college with one of the factories There is a common bone and a pre-stressed bone bone, this is the difference there If it is cast in place, it means it is cut There are types of long sticks that can be cast in place

For example, there are Frankie, Raymond, Simplek, MacArthur, etc. This is different from the long bow of Borpel. We will learn about Borpel later in the upcoming meeting. For example, Frankie, the method is to insert a slong song or

a pipe hole to help us do the extension, we put it in then from above our extension will hit the part of the soil that is in the slung so that the soil is solidified later after the soil is solidified, we will put in our bone tree that has plus minus indeed from several types it's different if it's a burpel, we throw away the soil first

Then after the soil is removed, we insert the bone, we drill with concrete. Well, if this Franky, he was first solidified the soil, then on top of it, because it was solidified, there was a hole, we filled it with concrete. And it's quite different, he still uses the method of widening. Then the third is the bazaar wide pole, this shape can be

H-beam or pipe shape, mostly these two types Then there is a composite long pole Composite is a combination of two materials that are different in quality or characteristics For example, iron or iron with concrete This can also be wood with concrete, it is also very possible Well, let's try to see one by one like what Okay maybe this is from

research done by Carson in 1965 where according to Carson, the maximum length and weight for various types of poles This one that is used a lot on the field has been presented by Carson, maybe an estimation, this is very dependent later indeed from the dimensions and quality of the pole material but this is generally like this for example

Wooden pole, the weight of the wood pole is approximately 30 tons And the effective depth is 60 feet, 60 feet is if 1 feet is 0.3, it's about 18 meters This is the maximum, it can be used in that position Or the one that is in place, the one that is in place is also 60 feet But its capacity is doubled, 60 tons For example, a pipe pole, this pipe pole can be up to 80 feet

that's about 24 meters, the weight is 50 tons. Tor in a cylinder, this can be about the same, 24 meters, this is 80 tons. Now if it's pre-printed concrete, pre-printed but maybe not yet tightened or not yet pre-stressed, this can also be up to 24 meters, the capacity can be 80 tons. If the pipe steel, this can be much deeper, 30 meters, the capacity can be 80 tons.

Then there is the profile H, for example, using a rod, this is also 30 meters, it can reach 100 tons Or the pre-stressed cylinder, this means the pre-cash, pre-stressed earlier, this can reach 36 meters, the capacity is 100 tons This is probably a 65 year study, where now the technology has developed far, both from the material and the dimensions, even the

This pre-stressed cylinder, if it was still around 50-60, now it has been produced with a diameter of almost 1 meter and even 1.2 meters With the progress, it is possible that this can be much deeper and also the capacity is much higher But this is for our imagination, the difference in the use of each material towards the capacity and depth of the steel rod

The first one I discuss is the wooden pole. This is the oldest type of pole. So the first time people use this type of wooden pole. That's the first time it's used as a foundation. But the age of this wooden pole is relatively short. So maybe the age of the building is not. But if it is submerged in a full position under the surface of the water, it can last long.

and not rotten, for example in Kalimantan there are many iron trees, it will be much more durable if it is submerged under the surface of the water then this can't withstand a load of more than 25-30 tons per day, this also depends on the material and the type of soil

relatively light so it is easy to mobilize different from concrete, which is much lighter easy to mobilize, the strength of the pull and the force is also large this also makes it easier for lifting before we mobilize or before we extend this is much easier so that the crane can be done in a simple way even in outside Java, to build a house, it is sometimes with a cerducok foundation or a

The wooden pole is used to support people. Usually, it is used to carry 5-10 people while rolling. If it is more advanced, it can be used as a crane or a ladder. It can be used as well. It is easy to cut if it is not able to enter the soil. It is easy to cut it according to the design or if it has reached the hard soil.

This is more suitable for friction pile, friction is the joint between the pole and the ground, compared to N-bearing, which is the hard ground position can be reached by the tip of the pole. Because this wood is not strong enough to hit, so it is more suitable for the crumpled one.

than the N-B-Ring so it is more suitable for friction pan it also has a flexible and flexible attitude towards horizontal, it is actually suitable for use in a shipyard where you get horizontal pressure from water and ships in case if there is a ship, for example, there is a horizontal load that is not tight this pole later when it gets horizontal load, it will shake

Because of its flexible nature, it will return to the original position. This is apart from the wood, which is also suitable for the type of beech. If the wood pole is not straight, then at the time of extension will cause a slope towards the direction that has been determined. This also needs to be noticed, the wood should be straight. If not straight, it can be broken or even not suitable for the direction that we extend.

For example, if the wood is weak, it is type N, when it hits hard soil, we force it because the pressure is low, it can break, if it breaks, it does not meet the support force, this must be noticed

Also, the slope is very important when it comes to the position during the slope. Usually, it can be used with a long wooden fence like this. The application can be used on bridges. In our area, even in the outer Java, in the remote areas, this system is still used. For bridges, for residential houses, for ponds, many still use the slope. Okay, I'll continue.

The next long pole is a concrete long pole. Here are three types: precast, reinforced, concrete, pile. We discussed this first. This is a long pole that is precast but reinforced with ordinary concrete. This is not done by pre-stressing method or pre-pollination before drilling.

This is a bone-in concrete that is molded and drilled in the mold. After reaching the age or strong, it can be mobilized and extended on the field. Concrete, as we know, because the pull force is small, it is around 0.3 FC roots. Or if it is considered 0, and the weight is also quite large, then this concrete must be reproduced.

The function of this replacement is, if the concrete is not strong enough to hold the pull If we lift it and then it gets a horizontal line, there will be a moment and cause pulling on the concrete To accommodate it, we use a replacement or reinforcement This can carry a weight of about 30-80 tons, depending on the dimension

and the material quality can have a high pressure because concrete is the power or the strength of the pressure, it has a high pressure or strength, it depends on the material used can be calculated for end bearing pile that's what he said earlier, if he can reach the hard ground, he can be used or the friction pile

when it is in the form of a bond or friction between the soil particles and the pole. The support can be circular, 3-dimensional, 4-dimensional, 8-dimensional, and so on. This example is the 4-dimensional one, at the end, it is still given a key to facilitate the time we extend. There are other forms, for example, 3-dimensional, 8-dimensional, and usually this has been given lifting points.

What is the function of this lifting point? When we lift here, it means the moment that occurs, the moment of contraction and the tension of the pull on the stone is calculated Because these bones are calculated from this lifting position Well, if we don't lift in this position, maybe it's a mistake, right? It is possible that the stone will experience a crack before we straighten it and this will harm us So friends, you have to pay attention when later

will be long-sworded, usually from the publication if from the publication we ordered, it was given a sign or even like this a mark to lift our long-sword position Okay, I continue, this is B, sorry, B is pre-cast, pre-stress concrete pile, this is pre-cast but it is also pressed or pre-stressed, now the weight can be

bigger than the pre-printed concrete board. The size of the board can also be better and more flexible or smaller than the pre-printed concrete board. Because this pre-stressed brick, usually the concrete is much higher.

can use maybe FC 50 or FC 60 while the unusual printer sometimes uses FC 30 or 40 if this is much higher so that later it is more flexible or lighter the shape of the panel is generally circular with a closed edge like this this is like a pencil if we look at the shape of the circle the edge is closed on one side later it opens like this

This is a hole, so the concrete is only covered with this. The thickness is adjusted depending on the dimensions, some are 6 cm, 10 cm. And the diameter varies, some start at 30 cm, 40 cm, 50 cm, even the one I told you earlier, up to 1-1.2 m. Now there is. And the length is around

6-12 depends on our order and the capacity of our tools and tools to extend what will it be like and the needs on the field So if you guys on the field need for example 20 meters, you can just order the pole later the bottom pole is 12 meters then the top pole can only be 8 meters

or you can divide it into 3 equal parts, for example 7m, 6m, depending on your needs and this can be connected with this wire later we will discuss in detail how to do it, friends so there is a reinforced bone, but later it is stretched or pulled to the right and left then inserted into a round casting

The way to make it like this circle is to rotate it Rotate it at a certain speed, put the concrete in, so that later while rotating it will collapse and also harden Because there is a centrifugal style when we rotate This is how it is made, why it can have a hole in the middle It's different if the precast was only placed on the pekisting, if this is added again by rotating

Okay, I continue The next is the long barbed pole This is the general appearance Most of them are H-shaped and pipe or pipe The handling is easy because it is actually light Then lighter than the concrete in this meaning Also later if cut and connected, it is also easier And can support the big blow weight when stretched on a hard layer

so it doesn't cause a broken danger like a concrete wall because it has a flexible strength, the bazaar has a fairly high pulling force and a fairly high pressure force, except if the position is straight, the danger from the bazaar is to be bent but if it's like this Habib, it's pretty good when it gets a pressure pattern when it's stretched, it meets hard ground

If concrete is not forced, then the loser is concrete. If the concrete is still quite strong, so it is not fragile. However, the disadvantage is that it is weak to corrosion. We need to protect it. Corrosion must be protected. There are various kinds of corrosion protection.

Some are made by being composed, later wrapped with concrete, so later the long composite There are those that are painted, painted can also protect the rubber Or attached what is called anodacorban or cathodic protection Later, please friends can be found what is cathodic protection So it's a cathodic protection, where actually if the rubber attacks it is

Fe + element, so Fe is ferrum, ferrum is iron or iron. Well, this anode is installed with a fairly high positive pressure so that corrosion if attacked is not to the iron but to him so that he will be destroyed later due to corrosion. Later we replace the sacrificial anode so that our iron is protected from corrosion. Okay, that's one of the solutions. I continue

The fourth is the long-term composite pole. This is one of the treatments to overcome the first one, the erosion on the wooden pole above the ground surface. It can be overcome by the composite pole, which is used on the top of the concrete and the wooden pole is used on the bottom, which is constantly submerged by the ground surface. This is an example in the right picture.

So the bottom is a wooden pole soaked by water, the surface of the water is here, for example, on top of it is connected with concrete. Of course, what must be noticed is that the connection tools here must be given anchors and so on. This can be used as a combination or a composite like this, or on the right, these are poles.

from the wood, then the pelcap is drilled. If this is still in the form of a pole, if this is already a pelcap, where for example here the surface of the soil is constantly submerged. This will make the wood last longer.

It can also be used for corrosion that exceeds the beam, namely with a composite beam profile beam wrapped in concrete. For example, this is a beam beam that is wrapped in concrete. Or like this, it can also be from the beam, then it is widened, then it is poured on the outside with concrete. This is to accommodate corrosion.

Then another type of long pole according to the way of moving the volume of the soil Because it's called long, we put a material into the soil The previous soil has settled in its position When we give a new material in the form of a long pole, we force it to enter Of course the soil will slide or adjust itself

the distance between the soil particles so that the long pole can enter and provide strong support according to the way the soil volume was moved, the pole was divided into three, namely large displacement pole or large displacement pile small displacement pole, small displacement pile, then non displacement pile or non displacement pile, what is the difference? we see

If the pole is large, it means that the pole is flat or has holes but the ends are really closed So when it is extended, there is a relatively large change in the volume of the soil What goes into this is like wood, flat concrete or concrete with holes but the ends are closed Or the prategang concrete pole, this is the one earlier, or the bajaj pole

round shape with closed end. What about the small moving pole? The explanation is the same as the first category, only the moving land volume is quite small. Because the pole is not like the one above, it is bent. If the end is open or has a hole. What is the example? For example, there is a concrete pole, not rigid, but the front end is open.

Then the bazaar pole, bazaar pipe or pipe H, the shape of the bazaar pole, profile H, or the uleer pole, this is the change of the soil, the small soil volume. If the one without change, this is usually installed in the soil by digging or digging the soil. Well, actually the principle is to enter the bore pole, we will learn later. That's where

The concrete pole that the drilling is directly in the hole of the soil extraction So it doesn't move or move the soil volume because the soil volume is removed Okay, those are some types of long poles We can also categorize these long poles according to the way of moving or transferring the load

from the material, then from the transfer of the soil volume, also the way of weight transfer, this is from the front we have covered, the first is point bearing pile or end bearing pile, what is meant by this is a type of long pole with a tip hold,

This pole continues to carry the load through the end support to the hard soil layer. So what works here is the end of the pole, the long pole. It can reach the hard soil position, so that later it will only transfer the load from above to the hard soil through the end of the pole. Well, this is generally in the zone where the soil is in

above the hard soil, so if above the soil, but the hard soil position is below, then the pole reaches the hard soil, which is not working on the soil, the load is not transferred there, but it is transferred to the hard soil at the end of the pole. The long pole reaches the base stone or hard soil,

which can support the load and does not cause excessive decrease. The point is that it reaches the hard ground and does not cause a decrease. The capacity is determined by the support resistance of the hard layer at the end of the pole. So, it all depends on the support capacity at the end of the pole.

We see the illustration, for example, we have a building with many floors, then below it there is a land, while the hard soil is in a position of 15 meters deep. To climb this, we can use one of the foundations using a long pole.

So, if the system is like this, our assumption in the plan is that if the soil is soil, the support from the foundation is determined by the support of the soil below which can be covered by the tip of the long pole. So, this hard soil is heavy.

This is an illustration, if we detail it again, for example, there is a column, a pail cap, a pole, then there is a bedrock or hard soil, then all are supported by N-bearing from hard soil or foam base. This is the first type. Then, from the way of moving or weight transfer, the second type is friction pail.

What is the difference? With NB Ring Pell, friction is determined and supported by the resistance of the wall between the wall wall and the surrounding soil. So, the resistance of the wall and the consolidation of the layer of soil below is calculated in the wall capacity calculation. This is used when the position of the hard soil or

land with a strong support is very deep so it is no longer effective for us to reach so we will design later with friction or friction resistance there are two conditions, the first example is on rough soil that is easy to pass through water or permeable soil if it's like this, then later if the pole extension in one pole group which consists of several

A long pole forms a group that is close to each other, which will reduce the distance between the particles between the hands. So it will compress the soil between the poles and around the pole group. This is one of the functions for the compaction pile. This type is for sand soil with a high sliding force.

The second is on fine-grained soil that is difficult to get out of water, impermeable soil. This process, if we dilute it with the previous beam group, it does not cause the soil between the beams to become solid or can be called floating foundation, so it no longer affects the soil that we dilute. Usually found in flat soil with a high cohesion value or C.

the type is like this, we have a building, we have a long pole where this soil is getting deeper and harder because of the depth maybe you guys have learned yesterday what is called overburden pressure this is getting deeper, it will get harder later due to the depth and the position of the soil on top but this is not found until below this hard soil so

If it's like this, we design it with friction pile So later, if the illustration earlier on the right, there is a pile Well, if this is not there at all, the pile is so heavy The work will be supported by skin friction later Or the friction between the long pole wall and the floor So that's it I've explained it earlier, maybe I'll repeat it The hard soil is very deep, so the extension to the hard soil is very

difficult to do or impossible if so then usually in the soil the resistance of the tip of the pole will be much smaller compared to the resistance due to the connection between the pole and the ground or called a cliff if so we design it as a friction pile to calculate the pole support power later we can do land education maybe friends have learned land education yesterday

It can be done with the so-called Sondir or CPT. Well, if it's Sondir, maybe you guys yesterday, the land mechanics practicum has calculated, there is the name of the end resistance and the attachment resistance. Because we use it as a tool in the cone. So there are two cones, the end cone to know the end resistance, while the cone on the side, which has a flex, it's for

record of the land adhesion, which we can use later for supporting resources. In addition, other land tests, such as SPT, can also be done later, of course, with the used empirical formula. Well, this theory has come here, maybe later the next series is the calculation of supporting resources.