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Hello friends, welcome back to Gia Academy Youtube Channel. I hope you are always healthy and always excited. Who likes to plant plants in their house? Do you think we humans or animals can survive if there are no plants on this earth?
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Of course not, because we can't produce our own organic matter like plants.
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You must know that plants have the ability to produce organic substances from the known as photosynthesis inorganic substances. How does this photosynthesis process happen so that it can produce food that is a source of life for other living beings? Let's learn!
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Did you know that photosynthesis is one of the examples of anabolism? In this video, we will discuss anabolism. Anabolism is the arrangement of simple substances into complex substances and requires energy in the process. Examples of anabolism are photosynthesis, chemosynthesis, leaky synthesis, and protein.
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Well, friends, in this video we focus on discussing photosynthesis first. Photosynthesis is the change of inorganic substances, carbon dioxide and water by chlorophyll into organic carbohydrates with the help of light. Here is the chemical reaction.
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Photosynthesis reactions occur in the organelles called chloroplasts, which are usually found in plant leaves. Chloroplasts have a closed membrane, there are outer membranes and inner membranes. Chloroplasts have liquid called dextromethane, which is used to store photosynthesis results.
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Then there is the tilacoid, which is a structure of a flat bag that contains chlorophyll. The pile of tilacoid is called grana.
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The photosynthesis process goes through two stages. There is a light reaction that needs light as a source of energy. So this reaction only takes place in the afternoon. And a dark reaction that does not need light as a source of energy because its source of energy is chemical energy. Well, do you think a dark reaction can happen in the afternoon?
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The answer is yes, friends. Because the dark reaction is not influenced by any light, but depends on the chemical energy. Let's discuss one by one, so watch the video until it's over, so you can understand about this anabolism matter.
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Bright reaction, the characteristic of it requires light energy to produce chemical energy, namely ATP and NADPH2, which will be used in the dark reaction. The effective color of light absorbed is red and blue, occurs in the tilakoid membrane which contains photosystem. Photosystem is composed of pigments such as chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B, and carotenoids.
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Photosystems involved in photosynthesis are two types, namely: Photosystem 1 P700 contains chlorophyll-A that absorbs strong light energy with a 700 nanometer hole Photosystem 2 P680 contains chlorophyll-A that absorbs strong light energy with a 680 nanometer hole
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The function of pigment in the photo system captures light energy to release electrons by the reaction center, namely chlorophyll A. There are two types of electron flow, or known as photo phosphorylation. First, non-cyclic photo phosphorylation. Second, cyclic photo phosphorylation.
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Non-cyclic Photophosphorylation begins when the photosystem II absorbs light energy. The energy is captured by chlorophyll to break down water molecules or photolysis.
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Electrons released from the photolysis process are continued to the electron acceptor, namely the primary acceptor, then continued to the electron transfer system such as plastokinone, complex cytochrome, plastocyanin, and this process produces ATP.
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Finally, the electron will be received by the photosystem 1. At the same time, the photosystem 1 absorbs light energy and also releases electrons. The electron is then transferred to the electron acceptor to the ferredoxin electron transport system and finally captured by NADP+.
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ion H+ photolysis result then bound by NADP+ form NADPH2 so non-cyclic phosphorylation photo produces ATP, NADPH2, and O2 following the record of the non-cyclic phosphorylation process cyclic phosphorylation
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The characteristic of electrons released by photosystem 1 will eventually return to photosystem 1 So when photosystem 1 receives light, then the electron will be excited and received by the electron acceptor Then continued to the cytochrome complex, the plastocyanin and finally returned to photosystem 1 Every electron is excited will produce ATP
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So the result of the cyclic electron line is only ATP, this line occurs when the concentration of NADPH2 is maximum. Here is a note from the cyclic photo phosphorylation process.
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Dark reaction, the characteristic is not dependent on light energy but from the chemical energy of the light reaction. Do you still remember what the light reaction is? Yes, there are NADPH2 and ATP. This reaction occurs in the stroma and is a glucose formation reaction.
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There are three stages in the dark reaction. The first stage is the fixation stage, the second is the reduction stage, and the third is the regeneration stage.
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Fixation Phase In this phase, the binding of 3 carbon dioxide by 3000-losabiphosphate or RUBP with the help of the RUBP carboxylase enzyme or Rubisco and forms 6 molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate or PGA
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Reduction Phase In this phase, phosphorylation occurs or the addition of phosphatase to 3-phosphoglycerate or PGA by ATP, to 1,3-diphosphoglycerate or DPGA. Next, 1,3-diphosphoglycerate is reduced by NADPH2 to 6-phosphoglyceraldehyde or PGAL or GA3P molecule.
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Regeneration stage. In this stage, there is a release of 1 phosphoglyceroldehyde into half glucose. To form 1 glucose molecule, it must go through 2 cycles. Then, 5 GA3P molecules will be regenerated into 3.
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3 rubp this cycle continues until all ga3p forms glucose and continues to repeat as long as the chemical energy in the light reaction is formed so in this video we have discussed one of the example of anabolism namely photosynthesis there are two reactions to photosynthesis namely light and dark reactions following the difference between light and dark reactions
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Bright reactions require light and occur in the dilakoid. In this reaction, H2O is needed and formed O2, ATP, and NADPH2. Dark reactions occur in stroma, requiring CO2 and chemical energy, namely ATP and NADPH2. In this reaction, glucose is formed. All of these processes occur in chloroplasts.
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For you to understand more about this material, let's solve the following question. The first question. Well, in your opinion, what is the statement related to the reaction of photosynthesis? Let's discuss it one by one.
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It occurs in stroma, which is a dark reaction. It occurs when there is light, a light reaction. It occurs in the grana, a light reaction. Carbon dioxide binding, a dark reaction. NADPH formation, a light reaction. Glucose formation, a dark reaction. So the correct answer is B, 1, 4, and 6.
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Second question, in your opinion, what are the events that are included in the reduction phase
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We pay attention to the choice of the answer. A. CO2 binding from the air by carbon atoms C5 or RuBP is a fixation stage. B. Using H from NADPH2 to produce PgAl atoms C3 is a reduction stage.
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c. Reconstruction of RUBP to continue the process of glucose formation is a regeneration stage d. Using H from FADH2 to reduce the substance of phosphoglyceraldehyde in glucose formation, the statement is wrong
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E. CO2 release from carbon atoms C5 known as RuBP, the statement is wrong. So the answer is B. Well, here's our discussion about one of the examples of photosynthesis anabolism process. See you in the next video.
