IPA Kelas 10 - Keanekaragaman Hayati | GIA Academy

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Hello friends, welcome back

to the Gia Akademi YouTube channel. Hopefully

friends are always healthy and keep up

the spirit. Friends are certainly familiar

with Persian cats. Well, besides

Persian cats, we also often

find other cats such as

domestic cats or village cats, Angora

cats, Siamese cats and

so on. These various types of cats

show the diversity of

living things on earth. Why are

living things so diverse? We will

study it completely in

this video. So, in this video, we will

learn about the diversity of

life. Keep watching the video. Well,

friends, biodiversity or

biodiversity is the diversity

that exists in organisms at the level of

genes, species, and ecosystems. These three

levels of biodiversity are

interconnected so that they

cannot be separated from each other. In

this video, we will discuss them

one by one. First,

gene diversity.

Genes are chemical substances that

determine the hereditary traits of each

individual. They are composed of many genes. If

there is a marriage or crossing

between individuals with different characters, it

will produce offspring with

more variations. This

happens because at the time of crossing, there

will be a combination of genes from

each individual, therefore

variations will be formed which

cause higher diversity.

example of kenek kgamangen for example

occurs in the snail species cpa nemoralis

even though in the same species but the

snails have different shell colors the

difference in shell color is

due to the presence of different alleles so the

snail in the following picture has knni

gene level diversity in terms of

shell color another example of knni gene diversity

is in bananas we

know there are banana varieties even though they are

both bananas but the shape, size

and taste of the banana are

diverse second level of diversity of

types or species are individuals

who have morphological anatomical

physiological similarities and have

the ability to mate

with each other keen diversity of types

shows all the variations

found in living things between

types example of keenek diversity of types

we can see in

onion plants and the big cat family

for the onion family or

amaryllisase we know red onions allium

sepa far agregatum garlic

allium satifum and onions allium

sepa for the big cat family or

velide such as lions Panthera Leo tigers Panthera Tigris

leopards Panthera

pardus and jaguars Panthera

onka third k anama ecosystem Ecosystem

is the interaction or reciprocal relationship

between living things that are one

with other living things and between

living things and their environment,

diverse abiotic components

cause the types of living things that

can adapt to the environment to be

different, as a result,

ecosystem diversity will be formed, there are

mountain vegetation ecosystems, grassland vegetation,

mountain forest vegetation,

tropical rainforests, beaches, freshwater,

seawater, and artificial ecosystems, examples of

ecosystem-level biodiversity

are coconut trees that grow a lot in

coastal areas, sugar palm trees grow a lot

in the mountains, while palm and

areca nut trees grow well in

lowland areas. Well, friends, after

knowing the types of

biodiversity, then how is the

diversity of fauna and flora

in our country

as a country located in a

tropical climate and

between two continents, Indonesia is a

country that has the

second highest biodiversity after Brazil,

Indonesia is also nicknamed the

world's botanical warehouse and a Mega

biodiversity country. To find out about

Indonesia's biodiversity, we

can see the distribution of fauna and flora

in

Indonesia. First, the distribution of fauna. The

distribution of fauna in Indonesia is

categorized based on two

imaginary lines, namely the Wales line and the Weber line,

which divides Indonesia into

three parts, the area to the west of the

wires line, the area to the east of the

Weber line, and the area between the

two or the

transition area, the area to the west of the

Wales line includes the island of Sumatra. Java and

Kalimantan in this area are found

various types of oriental Asian fauna

such as elephants, tapirs, one-horned rhinos,

Sumatran tigers, orangutans, proboscis monkeys

and

sun bears. The transition area of ​​the Walesa region

is the area between the Wales

and Weber lines consisting of the island of Sulawesi

and the Nusa Tenggara islands. The further

east from the Wales line the number of

oriental fauna decreases. Conversely,

the further west the Weber line, the

Australian fauna decreases.

Oriental animals such as owls, squirrels and

pigs cross the Wales line to

Sulawesi. Meanwhile, the

Australian animals include the Maleo anoa and

tarsier. The area east of the Weber line

includes the Maluku and Papua islands. In

this area there are various types of

Australian fauna such as cassowaries, parrots, parrots,

parakeets and marsupials

such as tree kangaroos and

wallabies as well as other animals such as

Komodo dragons, deer pigs and

cuscuses. Secondly, the distribution of flora in

Indonesia is divided into three

parts, namely the diversity of flora in

wet tropical forests, the diversity of flora in

seasonal forests and the diversity of flora

in savanna grasslands.

In wet tropical forests, many plants are found. The

following types of

trees such as the tribe nutmeg,

black wood and mangosteen, Liana plants with

long roots and stems that creep

and twine like taro,

climbing pandan, climbing palms and rattan,

large herbal plants such as ginger,

bananas, epiphytic plants that forge on

other plants such as ferns and

orchids, parasitic plants for example,

rafflesia

arnoldi, in seasonal forests are dominated by

plants that produce oil wood

and food such as teak, sandalwood,

eucalyptus, candlenut and

tamarind, while in the savanna grasslands,

many palm trees,

gebang trees, acacia and cactus are found in this era,

humans have followed

industrial development to meet

their needs so that many activities that are

not realized can threaten the

sustainability of biodiversity if

this is left then

biodiversity will experience a decline in both

quality and quantity. Things

that can cause a decline in

biodiversity are the destruction and

destruction of

habitats, the entry of new types of animals and

plants into a habitat without careful

research and development,

excessive use of plant and animal species in a habitat,

environmental pollution in an ecosystem,

climate change such as

global warming, the development of the

agricultural and forestry industry, and

There is excessive exploitation during

metal mining and the use of

marine biota, several types of animals that are vulnerable

and endangered include

orangutans, rhinos, bulls, tapirs,

sun bears, elephants, and

anoas. So that animals and plants do not become

extinct quickly, efforts need to be made to

preserve biodiversity

in the form of in-situ conservation,

which is the preservation of

biodiversity carried out in its natural habitat,

for example national parks and nature reserves.

Exit conservation is the

preservation of biodiversity by

removing it from its habitat and

keeping it in another place, for example a

zoo, a collection of certain animals,

or a

botanical garden. The diversity of plants and

animals provides many benefits for

human life. Some of

these benefits are as food,

clothing, building materials, household appliances

for cultivation, sources of

germplasm for science, medicinal materials

and

beauty. Sources of food or

food from various types of plants and

animals include staple foods

such as rice, corn, wheat, sago, and sweet potatoes, side dishes

such as fish, chicken, cows,

goats, and shrimp, as vegetables

such as spinach, kale, cabbage, and others, as

well as

fruits, clothing or clothing materials

derived from various types of

plants and animals, including cotton,

silkworms, and

sheep's hair. Several types of plants that can be

used as Sources of building materials

and household appliances include

teak, mahogany, bangkirai, sengon, ironwood,

coconut trees and

bamboo. Various animals and plants

are cultivated by humans as a source of

income. This cultivation, for example,

by raising laying hens, broiler chickens, dairy

cows, freshwater fisheries.

Plant cultivation, such as

fruit plants, vegetables,

spices, ornamental plants, and

plantation crops. Germplasm is a

substance that carries hereditary traits in the form of

whole organs or parts of plants

or animals that can be used to

create new superior organisms.

Germplasm will maintain the quality of

its characteristics, for example, rojolele rice will pass on the

characteristics of rojolele to the next generation. Butter cassava will pass on the characteristics of butter cassava,

Cilembu sweet potato will pass on the characteristics of

Cilembu sweet potato. Likewise,

other groups of plants or plants pass on

their characteristics along with the development of

science and technology.

Animal and plant breeding

can be done with the

latest and accurate methods, such as

tissue culture in plants or cloning

in

animals. Examples of the use of plants and

animals as medicines include

noni fruit which is efficacious for preventing

and treating high blood pressure

and diabetes. Mustache plant. Cats

are effective in destroying

kidney stones, earthworms are used to treat

typhus,

some plants and animals can be

used for their beauty, such as

anthurium plants, ornamental plants, monstera

AD and Sony, and magpie robins. Well,

friends, that's

our entire discussion about the KNA of

biodiversity, examples of conservation and its benefits,

friends, can you understand it,

okay, friends, that's

our discussion about the KNA of

biodiversity, we will continue the discussion

about the classification of living things in the

next video. Wait until

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see you.