Geografi Kelas 10 | Pengantar Ilmu Geografi | Kurikulum Merdeka

Assalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh. This time we will discuss about the introduction of geography knowledge, namely the development of geography knowledge, geography study objects, geography aspects, geography environment, geography approaches, geography concepts, and geography principles. Geography comes from Greek, namely from the word geo and the word grapien.

Geo which means earth and Gravian which means painting. So geography is a science that describes or describes the earth. According to experts, Eratosthenes said that geography is a description of the earth. Then Claudius Petomenius said that geography is the distribution of part or all the earth's surface and phenomena in the shape of a map.

Then, Emanuel Kahn said that geography is a discipline of science that has study objects, scattered signs and associated in space. According to Bintarto, geography is a science of knowledge that explains the characteristics of the earth and the causal relationship of scattered signs and associated in space. According to Aymadi Sandi, geography is a science of knowledge that tries to find and understand similarities and differences in the face of the earth.

while according to the Indonesian Geography Association, geography is the knowledge of learning the differences and similarities of the geospheres by using the proximity of the environment and the area in the context of the space. From the existing definitions, from the experts, we can conclude the similarities and differences that geography is a science that learns the similarities and differences of phenomena, both physical and social phenomena.

namely human interaction with the physical environment that occurs in the space-face of the earth and to find a relationship because of the interaction between the phenomena. The first type of Geography Object is the material object, where this material object is related to the material substance that will be studied. Then the formal object is related to the approach or way of looking used to analyze the material substance.

There are also geographical material objects that can be divided into 5. The first is lithosphere, namely layers of rocks that line the earth's skin, for example, high, low, and soil layers. The second is geomorphology, namely science that learns the shape of the earth's surface. Then climatology, science that learns about the climate and its shaping factors.

Biogeography, the knowledge of animal and plant diversity. Then Geographic of the environment, which will learn all aspects of space related to humans. Then cartography, which will learn the mapping process. And finally, remote navigation, where it will obtain information about space without direct contact with objects.

There are geographical approaches according to Erbinarto and Surastopo Hadi Sumarno. The first is the approach to space, the second is the approach to the environment, and the last is the approach to the area complex. The approach to space is an analysis or way of looking at geography that emphasizes space as its study, which will include similarities, differences, and the distribution of space use. Then,

Environmental approach, i.e. an analysis or geographical view by applying an ecological concept. For example, a dirty river can cause flooding around the area along the river. Local complex approach, i.e. geographical approach that is done in full by combining between room approach and environmental approach.

There are also geographical concepts, the first is the concept of location, distance, range, morphology, interrelation and interdependence, space relationship, pattern, agglomeration, use value, and the concept of differential area. The concept of location is the main concept used to determine the location or position of the geospheric phenomenon on the surface of the earth.

Usually absolute and relative locations. Absolute location is a location or location seen from the star line and the star line. It remains and cannot move because it is located on the star line and the earth's star line. The island of Bali is located at about 8 degrees south and 115 degrees east.

Moreover, a relative location is a location or location seen from other areas around it. Relative locations can vary according to the objects around it. For example, the island of Bali is located on the east side of Java Island and on the south side of Kalimantan Island. The concept of distance usually discusses the distance of an object that is close, namely the distance between absolute and relative distances.

where the absolute distance or the distance between the two is characterized by the presence of a unit of measurement such as meters and kilometers. For example, the distance from home to school is 2 kilometers. While the relative distance is an uncertain distance, it is usually measured with a unit of time. The relative distance is also influenced by the transportation cost that will be used.

For example, the distance from the house to school is close, which is about 10 minutes if you use a bus at school. But if you walk, the distance will be far and it will take about 30 minutes.

There is also the following concept, namely the concept of accessibility, where this concept of accessibility is the ease of reaching an object. Easy to access means high accessibility, if difficult to access means low accessibility.

The next concept is the concept of morphology, where this concept will show the shape of the earth's surface as a result of the energy of the endogen or energy that comes from the earth, then the exogen energy that comes from the outside of the earth, such as low, high and sea levels.

The next is the concept of interaction and interdependence. Interaction is the relationship between two areas or more that can produce phenomena, appearances and new problems. However, interdependence is the interdependence between two areas or more. For example, a wooden wooden box that comes from the village is brought to the city, then after that it is formed into a piece of the city and sent to the village.

Moreover, the concept of space relationship is to show the relationship between one phenomenon and another phenomenon. For example, forest damage in the mountainous area causes landslide in the mountainous area. The next concept is the concept of pattern, where this concept is related to the arrangement of shapes or the spread of phenomena on the surface of the earth, both natural phenomena and social phenomena.

while the concept of agglomeration is a concept that focuses on the distribution and formation of a region that is relatively centralized and mutually beneficial. For example, industrial activities that continue to develop into centers of industrial activities and

Then the concept of value is to explain what benefits are given by a region to a creature. The value of use is relative and not the same for everyone. For example, the sea region is more useful for fishermen than for farmers.

Then the concept of area differentiation is used to explain the uniqueness or characteristic that is special from a place or area. Where this concept is also used to learn the differences in geographical phenomena between one area and another. Here, for example, tomato plants can live in low-lying areas, while tea plants can live in high-lying areas.

There are also geography principles, which are the foundations for analyzing and expressing geographical phenomena on the Earth's surface. There are four types of geography principles. The first is the distribution principle, the second is the interrelation principle, the third is the description principle, and the last is the corology principle.

There is also the principle of distribution, which is related to the distribution of geosphere phenomena and uneven facts on the Earth's surface. For example, the distribution of oil on the Earth, where the content of oil on the Earth in Indonesia is more in the western part of Indonesia than in the eastern part of Indonesia.

Then the principle of description, which will provide a deeper explanation of the specific character of the geosphere phenomenon in the form of a graph, table, diagram, or sentence. For example, related to population, where the distribution of population is explained or described with a number of population map.

Then the corology principle, namely the principle that sees the geographical problem from the perspective of distribution, interrelation, and distribution in a certain region, for example related to the phenomenon of rain, namely the analysis of the distribution of the rain pattern, the cause of the difference in the rain pattern, and the high or low impact of the rain.

Hi, so the short material of the geography teacher, hopefully useful, greetings, study and stay excited