🔴🌳La Hora Ambiental 🌱 03 de Julio de 2026

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precisely the care of the plants, how to water them, the lighting, the substrate, which is very important because many times we only look at the flowers, but you don't really have to look at the substrate for your plants to grow well, grow healthy, and well, if you have a plant that

is already half bad or wants to know what it is about or how to recover it or how to heal it, then I invite you to go to these workshops next Saturday we are going to have a very very beautiful workshop that people especially women love a lot, which is this workshop of dendrophallinopsis

where, as I mentioned, we are going to show you everything related to this wonderful plant with beautiful flowers. And on Sunday, well, as I mentioned, it will be on Saturday in the facilities of the hospital that we have,

en Benito, en la Benito Juárez, que es aquí muy cerquita del metro Villa de Cortés. Si usted ubica el metro Villa de Cortés, a unos 50 metros, hay un Oxxo, y atrasito del Oxxo, aquí estamos. Estamos muy cerquita de un metro. Si usted quiere venirse en metro o en coche, estamos muy cerquita del metro Villa de Cortés.

And on Sunday we have another very, very nice workshop called Coquedamas with Purifying Plants. If you also like to make the coquedamas, this is a super nice workshop too, because apart from that, you will be able to make your coquedamas.

They will entertain themselves, they will learn, they can use it as a business because they already know that the kokedamas are very beautiful and many people acquire them to decorate their houses. You can even go out there and look, you learn to make kokedamas and then you can sell them there with your friends, with your neighbors, with whoever you want.

So you can't miss this workshop. We are giving this workshop of coca-dama in the market of plants and flowers in Cuenmanco. We give both workshops at 11 in the morning. So now he wakes up, goes to do his workshop.

finishing the workshop, you are going to have a very rich breakfast and look at all of them, in fact, this coca-dama workshop is 2 for 1, so that you can go with your friend, with your daughter, your cousin, your husband, with whoever you want, or go to learn, especially learn how to take care of your plants, ok and well now I am going to tell you that today we are going to have an interview

From the master Fabián Carvallo, who is the president of the REMPA, we are going to talk, well, he is going to talk to Charlotte Cator, who has a very, very beautiful project. She works in the Faculty of Social Sciences and Politics at the University of Glasgow.

and with this very nice topic, more so in her project that I was investigating, which is called Postdoctoral School, which studies waste in the city. And she, between all this experience that she has, is going to talk to us about garbage, inequality and urbanization, because also one of the directors of her project is that she investigates urban economies,

the alternatives, the climate policy, the urban policy, so if you are interested in all these issues, you cannot miss it. And on behalf of Voluntarios Informados, my dear Sandra Reyes, she is going to talk to us about this little animal that we all love and fascinates us all. Some are very afraid of them, the truth, but the truth is that they are very harmless. If you know them and mainly know how to treat them and know their handling,

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Well, they install green walls in metro stations in Mexico City with the initiative of Verde Subterránea. The collective transport system installed green walls in eight stations of Line 2 as part of its comprehensive rehabilitation, with more than 22,000 plants that become underground tunnels for millions of users daily.

The project, installed in the stations of Hermita, Villa de Cortez, Xola, Viaducto, Chavacano, San Antonio Abad, Zócalo, Tenochtitlan and Revolución, is under the leadership of the urban agronomist Luis Rebolla, a Mexican businessman committed to ecological sustainability, who has exposed the initiative in national and international forums.

El precio promedio del metro cuadrado de cada mudo muro verde es de $5,693 pesos establecidos en factura por el proveedor y el costo es asumido por las empresas que participaron en la remodelación de dichas estaciones.

The cost of $5,963 per square meter is even lower than the common price of this type of green facilities, which are around $7,400 to $10,000. And well, the incorporation of plants integrates green areas in the subway. If you have had the opportunity to travel, you will be able to see them.

De acuerdo con los especialistas que impulsan la iniciativa verde subterránea con respaldo de biólogos, agrónomos, psicólogos y empresarios mexicanos decididos a generar mejores condiciones ecológicas en la urbe, los muros verdes contribuyen en los siguientes aspectos. Disminución de dióxido de carbono en andenes y recuperación estética y emocional de espacios grises y saturados.

purification of air and reduction of pollutants in high concentration areas, better perception of the urban environment for millions of daily users, reduction of urban stress aligned with public health policies, a strong message of accessibility to all social sectors.

The installation of the vertical gardens was promoted by the head of government of Mexico City, Clara Brugada Molina, who presented the pilots of the first green walls at Juanacatlán station on Line 1 in 2025.

The Green Initiative in the Metro, led by the urban agronomist Luis Rebollar, a Mexican businessman committed to ecological sustainability, has been presented in various forums, both national and international. The Metro urges users to respect the green walls installed at the platform level, since plants are living beings that fulfill the basic vital cycle and contribute to the quality of the environment.

And illegal fauna trafficking in Latin America threatens 800,000 eggs of cytacids and species such as parrots and jaguars. Illegal fauna trade in Latin America is reaching alarming levels, driven by the growing demand for exotic pets and the use of the Internet as a sales channel.

This phenomenon puts numerous species at risk and feeds one of the most lucrative criminal activities globally. In the framework of the International Day Against Illegal Fauna Traffic, the Latin American Association of Zoological and Aquarium Parking Places, the ALPSA,

has initiated a campaign to raise awareness about the damage of this illegal activity and promote collaboration between organizations and citizens. It highlights the growing trade of animals through digital platforms, which requires a coordinated response to protect species in danger of disappearance. Criminal organizations are devastating biodiversity in the region.

El robo sistemático de nidos de aves exóticas como loras y guacamayos surte a un mercado negro que amenaza a la fauna nativa con la extinción.

The digital environment facilitates this clandestine trade, turning social networks into global scavengers for mafias who trade with protected fauna, money laundering and committing other crimes. It is estimated that between 400,000 and 800,000 eggs of cytacids are looted in Latin America to feed the illegal pet market, severely impacting vulnerable populations.

According to APSA, illegal fauna trafficking is one of the greatest threats to the conservation of birds, reptiles, amphibians and mammals, whose future is compromised by commercial exploitation.

This illegal business ranks fourth among the most profitable criminal activities in the world, generating between $7,000 and $10,000 million annually and exceeding $20,000 million when including illegal fishing and fishing. The campaign warns that digital platforms are a key channel for the sale of wild animals captured in nature.

El tráfico ha evolucionado hacia mercados más difíciles de controlar, donde la venta de especies protegidas se difunde rápidamente a compradores internacionales. Reforzar la vigilancia sobre estos canales y aumentar la cooperación entre gobiernos, plataformas tecnológicas y cuerpos de seguridad es prioritario para combatir este comercio.

The report highlights the connection between this crime and other criminal activities such as drug trafficking, arms trafficking and capital laundering, increasing its global impact. In addition, illegal trafficking is promoting the sale of parts of large felines such as jaguar fangs used as a substitute for the tiger in certain Asian markets.

Los expertos advierten que la extracción selectiva de individuos está acelerando el declive de especies sensibles, poniendo en riesgo el equilibrio de los ecosistemas. Las consecuencias de este tráfico son devastadoras. Se estima que 9 de cada 10 animales capturados mueren antes de llegar a su destino debido al estrés y a las malas condiciones de transporte.

El tráfico ha reducido hasta un 71% las poblaciones de algunas especies, amenazando su conservación futura. Para proteger la biodiversidad, es esencial disminuir la demanda de animales silvestres y fortalecer los programas de rescate y educación ambiental.

And the National Polytechnic Institute would sacrifice rabbits for surgical practices, but the student strike prevents it. UNAM animal welfare defenders denounce the IPN for not respecting protocols and sacrificing 34 rabbits used in laboratories. Collective presented a complaint to the FGJ of Mexico City to request clarity on the fate of the

Conejos. Defensores y colectivos del Bienestar Animal denunciaron que el IPN sacrificaría a 34 conejos que estaban destinados a prácticas quirúrgicas para estudiantes y que ya no serán utilizados debido al paro de labores que mantuvo la Escuela Superior de Medicina en esa casa de estudios.

El colectivo UNAM Sin Violencia Animal denunció irregularidades en el caso y acusó de no seguir los protocolos correspondientes con los animales, por lo que exige que se les permita la custodia de los mismos para poder asignarles un hogar.

But what is the origin of this case? The students of the Politécnico Nacional maintain an indefinite break since June 4 as part of their protests to demand the dismissal of Director Arturo Reyes Sandoval, who faces investigation charges in the General Prosecutor's Office for alleged misuse of resources through the Corazón Guinda y Blanco Foundation.

Al tener activo un paro en el que los estudiantes organizados tomaron las instalaciones, los animales en el laboratorio que estaban destinados a prácticas de los alumnos se encontraron sin un destino.

In a statement issued by the IPN dated June 11, this year, the Institute made it known that during the period of work break, the surgical practices were lost, which led to sacrificing the leprosy intended for surgical screening.

de los estudiantes. No obstante, en un video difundido por UNAM sin violencia animal filmado el 12 de junio, se muestran a los animales en sus respectivas jaulas dentro de las instalaciones perfectamente vivos, desmintiendo por completo la afirmación de que fueron sacrificados.

Faced with the situation and the growing concern of the collectives for the future of these 34 rabbits, they filed a complaint before the General Attorney General of Justice of Mexico City for the irregularities of the institution. According to the collective, this complaint has the folio C1FIMH/UATMH1.

Una de las principales denuncias contra las autoridades es no querer otorgar la custodia de estas especies, al argumentar que al ser animales de experimentación no están acostumbrados al contacto estrecho y cercano con humanos, por lo que no son candidatos a ser mascotas y requieren cuidados y alimentación específica.

Los colectivos refutaron por completo esa afirmación al demostrar que existen casos en los que los animales que han sido utilizados en contextos de laboratorio logran una buena adaptación en una vida doméstica. Como ejemplo, los conejos que fueron rescatados después del sismo del 19 de septiembre del 2017.

And this week, on Facebook, if you go to the Facebook account of UNAM without animal violence, it published that the 23 little rabbits will be taken to sanctuaries and need all possible help.

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This note is very beautiful. Well, notice that the Mexican panda, Shin Shin, turned 36 years old and has already exceeded her life expectancy by a lot. This giant panda is one of the symbols of Mexico City. Shin Shin, the giant panda of Mexico, celebrates 36 years in the zoo of Chapultepec with special care and a unique diet.

It is a symbol of hope and national pride. Its history began on July 1, 1990, when it was born in Mexico City and has become one of the symbols of the Mexican capital. This is now one of the most long-lived giant pandas in the world in captivity.

Eh, fíjense que eh pues al respecto Elías García Ramírez que es el cuidador de Shin Shin indicó

who said and from 20 onwards they are already geriatrics, so we are talking about that period that has already passed for some time. It was what his caretaker expressed and the Chapultepec zoo has been his home throughout these 36 years since his birth. Shin Shin has been cared for and loved by all Mexicans, but what are the special care that this wonderful panda has?

Pues fíjense que ahora por su edad necesita una serie de cuidados y una dieta especial. Bueno, se le da el tallo de bambú y se empieza a preparar para lo que es el concentrado.

which is made from rice, croquette, and masuri for the old continent's polybores. We also have apples, carrots, and vitamin supplements that are essential for everyday health. He explained his care. But Xin Xin has not only broken paradigms with his age, but he is also the only giant panda in the world that does not belong to China.

and is Mexican. His family history dates back to 1975, when China, as a gesture of diplomatic friendship, began to give away giant pandas. Two of them came to Mexico, which are Pepe and Jingjing. These pandas had a daughter, Tawui, who with the male Chia-Chia, temporarily lent by the London Zoo, procreated Shinshin.

is

Well, what did you think of these environmental notes? I just want to give a recommendation to all the people of the Metro of Mexico City, that we transit many, many millions of Mexicans, that in the green walls, well, yes,

and

Congratulations to the longest-lived pandita in Mexico. Congratulations, may you receive many gifts, many hugs, and from here we send you a hug and a kiss to this pandita, that just by seeing her makes us want to hug her and kiss her. Don't you want to? Write to us and tell us what you think of this pandita.

And well, now we are going with the interview of my dear teacher Fabián Carballo, who is the president of the REMPA, the Mexican Network of Environmental Journalists, with this interview that I was talking to you about a moment ago, of Charlotte Cator, who is an important part of the Faculty of Social Sciences and Politics of the University of Glasgow, who is going to talk to us about this project called Postdoctoral,

that studies waste in the city, studies garbage, inequality and urbanization. Let's go with them and we'll be right back. Hello, how are you? I am very pleased to be able to meet you today to continue addressing the environmental issues that interest us, that worry us and that move us. And on the other hand, to share precisely what we can do.

And then, first of all, I want to thank and greet all the organizations that allow this interview to reach you. And first starting with Laura Mittal and the new channel of the community television of Puré Perú and the one of Taxco and the hospitality of the radios that broadcast this program like Xali, Nandía, Violeta, Chureya, Política Rock and Roll, Echaíz and others that later join. Thank you very much and well, to begin,

Our topic today has to do precisely with the topic of urbanization, inequality, garbage. Basically, garbage, inequality and urbanization. For this, we have an imitator of today's idea, Charlotte Cator, and she basically, well, at first,

She works and studies in economics with a critical focus to understand social injustices, environmental policies that exist, but also explore alternatives. For her, the city is a scale that basically combines global economic processes with local alternative and democratic practices. Her current, as far as her postdoctoral project is concerned, first of all, it is funded by the European Commission and is related to urban solid residues on different scales.

She is interested in the role of urban development in the generation of waste and the possibility of decreasing the generation. This project compares the city of Glasgow and Mexico City. They are two different places in the global waste system. On the one hand, Glasgow is located in a country with a relatively formalized waste management system, with a lot of waste export to other countries. On the other hand, Mexico City has a less formalized waste management system, while Mexico is a country that receives recyclable waste,

from other countries like the United States and Canada. In both cities, it is studied how to manage solid, urban waste and what more sustainable and fair alternatives are there. Welcome, Charlotte, what a pleasure to be here with you. Thank you for accepting the interview. Thank you very much. Well, the pleasure is mine. Thank you very much for the invitation and the very kind introduction. It is a pleasure to be here. Thank you very much. Hey,

First of all, tell us briefly, to begin to understand this topic, what is the difference between waste and garbage? Yes, it is a very good question and it is something that I learned in my time here in Mexico because it is something that is found in the Spanish language.

And I think that in all languages there are many words to say something like "trash", right? "Trash", "residues". There are many words, right? "Destroyed". And I think it's something very specific, something very cultural, that these different words mean. And here in Mexico, what I have learned in these four months that I have been here,

We can say that garbage is a material that has no value, that it is a consequence of actions, of production, of consumption, and these materials have no value.

But we are in a moment, a conjuncture, in which we are thinking precisely about what we do with the garbage. And there arises a different way of talking about these materials.

in terms of value and there the word "residues" arises, which is something that we can take advantage of, that it is not something that we only discard, but it is something that we can reuse and take advantage of in different ways. Magnificent. From there, this answer leads me to remember precisely

In all this global dynamic that we are in, how does garbage show us the relationship between the economy and society from your point of view? Yes, it's a very good question because before this project I didn't focus on garbage or waste as such.

And as you said before, in the introduction I always focused on the critical issues of the economy. How can we think of the economy as a place, a part of society in which we can change things, the organization of society.

And I think that waste is something that shows how this system works, and all the injustices, the inequalities that exist in this system. So for me, garbage is something material, as we said before, it is a material that we produce suddenly when we are doing other things.

but it is also a social relationship because garbage always implies landscapes, ecologies, people more than anything, human life as well as non-human or non-human life. And that's why I'm interested in garbage for its material aspects but also its social aspects. What kind of system

we are generating with the waste management we have at the moment. How different places, different people, different landscapes, ecologies are affected and what role do waste and waste have in this? In relation to this, a background of an airplane.

I would like Charlotte to tell us about this situation of why we cannot reach the minimum possible in the management of garbage from the communities to the cities. For example, I remember campaigns in the 70s, which was very simple: throw the garbage in its place. Garbage. From the narrative it is a vision that is precisely a bit delayed.

We have achieved it, more or less, but I think not completely, but beyond that, how are we going to get to zero waste if we can't even design or produce products? Leave your zero waste, recyclable. We are flooded with disposable.

How can we do it? What can we do? And above all, how can we make governments be aware of this, which is part of the triple environmental crisis, pollution, right? And that it contaminates the planet with its toxic plastics. They are important elements, it is oil that is polluting ecosystems, etc. And we have it spilling out those plastics everywhere. What can we do? Any idea?

Who can save us? I don't think I have that. But it's a very good question. And for me, here comes my double focus on the system we have and the alternatives that exist. And this question has a lot to do with capitalism.

And in the moment we live in, capitalism has many urban aspects. The urbanization we know at this moment is a capitalist urbanization. And this means that

For me, urbanization is something that is impacting the whole planet. We have to think about urbanization not as something that has to do with historical centers, the places where many people live, as in a very dense place. It is also part of what the city means, urbanization.

but it is also something more extended, it is something that impacts landscapes that we never thought about in relation to the city, but it is there where we take out the natural resources, the energy, it is from there that people come to live and work in the city because there is no work anymore, well, ways to survive there. So,

Also, the issue of garbage and the generation of garbage has to do with this process of capitalism. I think that the generation of garbage, as we see it now, has a lot to do with the main dynamics of capitalism, which is to generate profit, to generate a benefit in the production process.

In this process, it is important for capitalist companies that their income becomes very cheap. Natural income, labor income, human energy income. And the garbage can be discarded

in a very cheap way, in nature, with the contamination that we see in different places, in different ways, while the company continues to generate profit. So, if the incentives for this process of generating

a benefit while you are polluting the nature or the health of people who live in very affected areas.

we won't change anything in the waste generation. We also see a lot of this with the emergence of plastics, it is something that came from the industry, because the industry saw that there was a problem with fossil fuels,

with a stronger discourse on nature, ecology, sustainability. They thought, "What do we do if fossil fuels are not so popular in the future?" And then came a very strong discourse that they started to promote the plastics industry.

And that is very strong nowadays in the world, that there is an incentive for the plastics industry to continue producing plastics that we can manage. And they are, as you say, mostly single-use plastics. Well, mostly, I don't know, but there are many single-use plastics.

And ecosystems are flooding and we already know from the graves of the Marianas to Everest. And not only that, we said, there we already have them in our brain, in the blood, in semen, in several places. So it's something that we're really not dimensioning, we're not giving it importance. And on the other hand,

These dynamics that are unleashed from this relationship tell us many things, precisely how this economic system values life, how it values communities. And I think it tells us about issues of environmental racism, because zones have been created that are zones of exclusion, and which are known as environmental hells.

I don't know if you have addressed some environmental dangers in your research. What do you think about it, Charlotte? Go ahead. Yes, thank you. It's very important for me to think about this, also related to the idea of the urban as being more extended, that the city is not only what we think of as a very dense space,

but also something that involves many areas far from the city. And sometimes they are not so far, but sometimes resources come from all over the world to the city. But here in Mexico, the issue of sacrifice areas, environmental hells,

is something very serious and we have to think about it. Although the problem of waste management in the city itself is already something very difficult, we have to extend the problem even more to also start to solve the situation that exists in these areas. And I had the great pleasure of meeting some activist groups

in the Toltec area, in the north of Mexico City. They also taught me a lot about what is happening there, with the contamination of the river, the environment, very serious health problems. And at this moment, science is trying to have as much data as we can

but there is still a lot to do and we have to

to know more about these processes and also to promote knowledge about these problems. Because I think that visibility is something very important. Because also with these areas so far from the city, from the daily production and consumption processes, it is easier

that a region becomes garbage, because we don't see what is happening, we don't see what people are living there and the ecosystems. And it is a very difficult question with the consequences that would be more in the future. It is something very difficult

We have to know what the consequences will be in the future and in the distant future, but we have to try to make them visible. Because at this moment, as you say, we are making the whole planet into a huge dump.

return to the situation of before, we are already at a point of no return, let's say. And yes, and also elements are increasing because we think that they were only accumulated waste, well, they are already throwing toxic waste that are harmful to the health of ecosystems and human health, of course, but on the other hand they are burning garbage.

that garbage is being burned and there are filters etc. but we know that you always want to save or they are not bought or there are problems added to ashes and other things. How do you see all this dynamics that is emerging? What do you think? Yes, thank you. Well, the issue of incineration is also something important that is seen a lot all over the world, that incineration is being driven a lot.

For me, incineration has three problems. The first is what you said about the toxins that come out in the process.

What I know, what I have learned so far is that technical science is not very well in agreement on the consequences or environmental impacts and health of incineration, of toxins, the toxins. There are some who say that it is not a problem if we put the appropriate filters,

There are others who say no, these filters will never be adequate. I'm not a technical person enough to say yes or no, but beyond this problem, I think we have two more problems with incineration. And the first of these two would be that if we incinerate the waste, we do not take advantage of these materials in any way, right?

We have the same dynamic of buying a plastic bag that we use for two minutes to take the bread from the bakery to the house and then we take the bag out and it goes to the oven of the incinerator.

And these materials are based on fossil fuels with all the process that also has its environmental health problems throughout the process.

and we don't think about that when we just incinerate the bag. That's one problem. And the other problem is that with this incineration system there is no incentive to reduce the generation of garbage, because it is a very good economic model for large and powerful actors in this system.

Because the companies that use this form of incineration here in Mexico are the cemeteries, more than anything else. For them, it is a way of feeding their ovens cheaper than buying fossil fuels. For them, it is something that is earned.

and they need more and more and more waste. For them it is not good if we have less garbage, if we generate less fuel derived from waste.

And at the moment I think that for the government it is also something good because sending waste to the cement mills is cheaper than sending them to the final disposal where it is paid per ton. So there is an impulse that we continue to produce waste

so that they can burn it in the ovens. And as you say, what we need most of all is a strong zero-waste program. And I think it will be very difficult with incineration as a model to advance towards a zero-waste society.

Perfect. In your research you talk about a comparison between Mexico City and Glasgow. Can you explain to us the last 5 minutes about it?

Yes, at the moment I still have to start with the investigation in Glasgow, so I can't talk much about the results, but what I'm trying to do with this project is to think about what happens in the city with respect to the waste system and also to the alternatives that exist, right? Local civic projects, collection projects, reuse projects,

of compost that change how we live our lives with the garbage, with less garbage, let's say. But I also realized that the circular economy focuses a lot on cities, although many of these cities have huge gaps in their circular economies and what we see in

Many cities in countries of the first world, and in these countries as such, there is a lot of waste export. And that also impacts a lot the local conditions to be able to manage waste in a better way. We know that in Mexico, waste enters as recyclable in the country,

also for ovens. And this impacts what are the opportunities to promote a more sustainable city, a city where less waste is generated,

That's why I'm trying to get into the global waste system that we have in two different places, with very different conditions to change. They are very different economic conditions, but also a very different culture, a very different geography. And I'm interested in knowing what we can learn about the global system that we have at the moment.

but also the changes that we can make. Because that is something that I see in every city that I have studied, that I have lived in. There are always groups, there are people who are trying to change things because they are already experiencing the consequences and they already see the serious consequences, the negative impacts.

And that gives me hope that there are always people who are thinking from the local, from what we live together, how we can change this system from the local to the global that comes with so many problems.

What is not seen as a solution in the short term of the garbage and it is an enigma that we do not know how to do it, if perhaps separations are made, but well, finally we are not achieving, I do not even think from my point of view, to be able to compost the organic waste. So we are with many gaps, isn't that right, Charlotte? Yes, yes, exactly. And it always seems to me that the organic

would be something easy, right? We can start there and here in Mexico City I have seen several very good projects of community composting, local composting and this week talking to someone about one of these projects we share this dream that one day

There will be local collection centers in each colony, in each city in the world, so that all the waste could easily reach the right place. And clearly we have to reduce the production and use of plastics.

but also the other types of waste. How can we ensure that they don't reach a sanitary filling in the best case, which is not a good case in any way. So, I also return to the issue of making visible, if there are these places, these local collection centers, it may be that the environmental culture

that we need to manage waste and reduce its generation, it would be easier to create, right? Completely. So, definitely, I feel that this is a solution that must be solved among all, but especially among the communities. Strengthen us to work on that and get to our side to garbage-making.

Community for me in this question is very important. I've been thinking and studying these processes for a long time. Local democracy, the effects of neoliberalism on that, that we lost the community a bit, to participate in a shared world.

And also the power in the economy is not of the community and we have to change it. But it is very difficult because of how this economic system works.

It depends a lot on income, on money. And for me it is important that we start to think about the economy in alternative ways, with alternative flows of materials, but also of value. How can a community

generate income that is not necessarily money

but they do ensure that the community can survive over time. And that's always something very beautiful here in Mexico City. I believe a lot in the encounter between people. It's a beautiful city to find people on the street, when you're eating, when you're on the subway with many other people.

There are always these small encounters where you realize that you are not alone in this world, in this city with its crazy economy, and we can, but we have to create spaces where you can find the rest of the people who also see that it would be necessary to change things. Thank you very much, Sherlock, for your

and for your concern. I hope you can share your findings with us. Can you give us some social networks, where to contact you or know about you so that our audience knows? Yes, of course. I don't have any Instagram account, which is a big problem here in Mexico. But you can find me on LinkedIn with my name, Charlotte Cator.

And I also have an email, it's not very advanced, but I do have it. It's charlotte.cator@glasgow.ac.uk And with great pleasure, you can contact me.

Thank you very much to you and to our audience. Ant, finishing this interview, I'm going to ask you to stay, please, to ask some final questions. And on the other hand, we thank our audience very much for your attention and support always. And see you until next time. Thank you. Thank you very much.

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Thank you very much, my dear teacher Fabián Carballo, president of the Mexican Red of Environmental Journalists, and of course, Charlotte Cator, who is already from the Faculty of Social Sciences and Politics at the University of Glasgow. What a very interesting topic, this great problem of garbage with garbage, which, well,

¿Cuántas, cuántas y cuántas toneladas no desechamos? Fíjense que estaba checando algunos datos. Y en México se generan cerca de 108,000 toneladas de residuos sólidos diarios. En la Ciudad de México se producen diariamente alrededor de 12,400 toneladas, más de un kilo por habitante.

Y el 60% es basura inorgánica y el 40% es orgánica. Pero solo se procesa adecuadamente el 30%. O sea, imagínense, del 100 solamente el 30 se procesa.

pues se procesa adecuadamente. Y aquí les saqué unos datos bien interesantes que dicen que para el 2050 habrá más plástico que peces en el océano. Imagínate, ¿a dónde estamos llegando que va a suceder esto? Se dice que puede suceder esto. Una sola bolsa de plástico puede tardar hasta mil años en descomponerse en un vertedero.

It is estimated that 4.5 billion cigarettes are discarded every year. These tiny residues may seem harmless, but they are very toxic. And we buy more than 500 billion plastic bottles and only 30% is recycled. That is an immense amount of garbage.

And well, right now, right now that the World Cup is on and that many of us have seen in the news and the people who have gone to celebrate the Angel of Independence, to reform, well, they have realized the amount of garbage that we leave and really that we are not, we are not, we are not, we are not empathetic with the environment and with the people who clean.

that they have to stay up late at night to clean everything, now all the trash can that we left, right? Because notice that I was seeing that in the state of Mexico, in the city and in Jalisco, more than 30% of all the waste in the country is concentrated. Right now, in the World Cup, Guadalajara collects more than 800 tons of garbage during the World Cup, right now in 2026.

Eh, tan solo en la Ciudad de México, las celebraciones mundialistas han generado entre cuarenta y ochenta toneladas de basura por partido en puntos clave, como les comentaba en el Ángel de la Independencia, y en el Paseo de la Reforma, y pues bueno, ahora este domingo,

que va a jugar México contra Inglaterra, pues ayudemos al medio ambiente, ayudémonos a nosotros mismos para no estar dejando basura. Imagínense la cantidad de basura. Por ahí ya he estado viendo que muchos jóvenes se han organizado para...

llevar bolsas de basura y cuando se termina la celebración, pues muchos de ellos están recogiendo la basura, separan la basura de inorgánica, orgánica, separan las botellas de vidrio, separan las latas también. Entonces, pues si van a ir a festejar, que esperemos que sí festejemos y que gane México, pues celebremos, pero también tengamos una cultura responsable de respeto y de civismo.

So let's help each other and help the planet because as I have told you every Friday, it is where we live. It is not difficult for us to carry a bag of garbage and take it to your house. If you already drank your beer or you already smoked your cigarette or you already bought the corn or you already bought the pizza, the food, everything you have bought, you can throw it in your trash bag and when you get home you throw it away. Or, as I was saying, get organized.

and carry big bags of garbage and there we begin to collect, we begin to make a culture of civism so that precisely the drainers are not being covered, we are not flooding and also the people who also want to go to rest because they are not collecting our trash, right? And well, well,

Sandra, precious, I think we have technical problems because our guest of informed volunteers, Joaquín Villegas Ruiz, has had small technical problems to connect, but don't worry because next week we will resume this interview so that they can talk to us about the Mexican Festival of Serpientes with my dear Sandra Reyes. Well, Sandy, you are already connected, at least I greet you. How are you, precious?

Hola, hola, buenas noches, aquí estoy. Oye, no, dentro de ocho días, no, el festival es ya mañana, de hecho empezó hoy, es el primer festival con el que arrancamos el Día Mundial de las Serpientes. Entonces va a haber festivales en todo lo largo y ancho de México. Tenemos también en Aguascalientes, tenemos en Oaxaca, tenemos en Pachuca, tenemos por todos lados, pero ahorita la fecha con la que arrancamos

In fact, we started today and then, well, between the technical problems and the cat. Oh, your kitten, how beautiful. Today I have a companion. Oh, how precious. Tomorrow and Sunday at the Futurama Cultural Center. It is very easy to get there by the metro from the Linda Vista station, I think it is two blocks away, or by the bus, it is half a block. It is here in Mexico City.

Yes, in Mexico City, that's why I told you that the interview was urgent today, but because of the rain, traffic and everything else, we do have problems contacting our guest. But we do want to extend the invitation, which is tomorrow and Sunday. From what time, Sally? It doesn't matter who plays in the selection, go to the festival first and then go to the game. Yes, what time is it? No, we start the festival at 11, from 11 to 6.

And then all day there are conferences, there are workshops, the truth is that there is a sales area, the program is very complete and well, it is necessary to give visibility that they are really a kind of thing that we always have as a razzle and we have a lot of preconceived ideas that do not go there and then they play a very important role within our ecosystems.

Maybe in a city we say, but here what? But in the end we are the ones who have to encourage their care because we end up going on vacation or we are the ones who end up commenting or kill everything and it doesn't go that way either. So, yes, an excuse that our guest could not be connected, but I do emphasize that the event is tomorrow.

and the next Sunday, July 4th and 5th, Futurama Cultural Center. It's very easy to get there. Metrolínea Lindia Vista, it's two blocks away, or Metrobús, which is half a block away. Hey, and since I'm making an announcement, our guest next week, who is also going to have an interview, a topic that I love, a company that is putting all their effort into it.

en Divulgar la Ciencia, tienen un concurso de carteles. Ahorita aquí en los comentarios les dejamos los enlaces, porque la convocatoria se cierra el 10 de julio. Entonces, aunque el evento va a ser hasta dentro de un mes, 9, 10 y 11 de agosto, la convocatoria de los carteles sí se cierra este 10 de julio.

- So if you have your poster, send it because on the 10th, in seven days, my dear Sandi, the poster will be closed. - Yes, exactly in seven days and we will not know, according to this, you know, we had a whole month to invite you and remind you until we realized that the posters close exactly on the 10th. So there was no way to program it. - And what are these posters, my dear Sandi, these posters? - Ah, posters. - Any special theme?

CARTELES CIENTIFICOS, PERO PUEDES TENER, O SEAS DE CUENTA QUE TIENEN CATEGORÍAS PARA TODOS LOS TEMAS. ENTONCES, AHORITA LES PONEMOS AQUÍ EN LOS, ESTE, EN LOS COMENTARIOS EL LINK DE LA EMPRESA PARA QUE VAYAN A CHECAR LA CONVOCATORIA, PORQUE REALMENTE ABARCA TODO. Y EL PROGRAMA DE CONFERENCIAS DEL...

The event is also incredible. The headquarters is in Guadalajara, but anyway, there is time to prepare the suitcase and go to the conferences in practically five weeks to Guadalajara, because it covers absolutely all the topics. It is a very interesting platform that this company is organizing.

Ok, my dear Sandy, well, the important thing was that we said that this weekend we are going to the Mexican Serpent Festival, there you go, and then in the afternoon, on Sunday, they are going to celebrate the victory that Mexico won. But first they go to the festival.

Ay, no, ni idea, pero bueno, me gusta eso. Oye, que sea lo que Diosito quiera, que gane México, que pierda Inglaterra. No pido más.

I say we're going to win 3-1. I do like football. 3-1. And you know, they're going to celebrate. I like the zeros more. Let it be three on one side, but let it be zeros on the other. No, England is very strong. It's a very strong team. At least one of us is going to get in, my dear Sandy. But we're stronger and we're going to get in three. No, no, no. No, no, no. No, no, no. No, no, no.

I send you many kisses, take care, I say goodbye, I am Aurora Mendiola, Director of Public Relations, Production and Media here at the Mexican Institute of Flora and Sustainability and Social. You know, take care, see you tomorrow at the Plant Hospital at 9 in the morning by ADR Network or also here on our social networks and if you are going to go out,

Cuídense mucho. Levante su basura. No contamine. Y el domingo también cuídense muchísimo más. Si puede, mejor no salga. Quédense en su casita. No hay que hacer tantas, que haya tanta gente en tantos espacios. Mejor esté en casita. Resguárdese. Ve ahí el partido. Celebre mucho. Y si va al Zócalo, a

reforma o donde usted quiera ir, levante su basura y llévesela. No se acuerde. Nos vemos la próxima semana, el próximo jueves en otra emisión de Los Diplomados que tenemos y el viernes en La Hora Ambiental. Hasta luego.