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Have you ever imagined if we lived millions of years ago,

in an era when humans did not know writing

There were no buildings and technology that we know now

Prehistoric or pre-historic

That's how we call that period

Pra which means before and aksara which means writing,

So the pre-historic era means the era before writing

Let's explore the past and see how life was at that time

Prehistoric or pre-historic times are divided into two periodizations,

namely based on geology or rock age

and based on archeology or historical remains

In this video we will discuss the periodization of prehistoric times based on geology

Based on the age of the rocks, the periodization is divided into four major phases:

Archeozoic,

Paleozoic,

Mesozoic, and Neozoic

Archeozoic or archean is the initial period of the formation of the earth 2,500 million years ago The

surface of the earth is still far from stable to support life

At this time the surface of the earth is filled with active volcanoes The

temperature of the earth is still very hot and the absence of water closes the possibility of complex multicellular organisms to live

Fossils of organisms that have been found from this period comes from the cyanobacteria species

This type of bacteria uses methane, ammonia, and sulfate to photosynthesize to produce oxygen The

oxygen produced will accumulate for millions of years,

before finally being used by living things in the next era

Hundreds of millions of years later, a layer of water or hydrosphere began to form,

and a layer of air or atmosphere on earth

This period is called the paleozoic which means ancient life,

which began around 600 million years ago

As if marking a new chapter in the life of the earth, an event occurred that had never happened before

At the beginning of this period, fossils of living things were found in very abundant numbers

This event is called the Cambrian explosion,

where the number of living things that evolved in one period reached the largest number in the history of the earth The

Paleozoic period is divided into six periods

From the oldest, namely the Cambrian,

Ordovician,

Silurian,

Devonian,

Carboniferous, and Permian

At the beginning of the Paleozoic period,

based on fossil findings,

it is known that the life of aquatic organisms is more developed than organisms on land

Animals are often found during this period come from armored arthropod species, such as trilobites

One of the ancient animals that originated From this period, and still survive today are Sea lilies,

Starfish,

and sea urchins

Although there is life on the surface of the earth, the earth's climate still tends to be extreme

In one period it tends to be hot, and in another period it is cold

Then it heats up again until it leads to a great extinction event

At the end of this period all the land masses united, and formed 1 super continent called Pangaea

This very large and hot land mass triggered a great drought on the surface of the earth

About 95% of living things became extinct due to drought,

lack of oxygen, acid rain, and very active volcanic activity

This extinction closed the 375-400 million year paleozoic period The

extinction event at the end of the paleozoic period was so great,

that it took 30 million years for new life to appear on the surface of the earth

When life began to develop, the Mesozoic period began

Mesozoic means middle life,

or better known as the age of dinosaurs,

because dinosaurs appeared in this period The

early Mesozoic period is called the Triassic period,

where large reptiles began to appear

In the Triassic period the climate still tended to be arid,

but some living things managed to survive,

such as Lystrosaurus,

and Euparkeria

In the ocean, Ichthyosaurus and Nothosaurus occupied the top of the food chain

In the middle of the Mesozoic era, the

Jurassic period began

In the early Jurassic period, which is around 200 to 175 million years ago, the

supercontinent Pangaea split into Laurasia which moved north,

and Gondwana which moved south

Hot deserts were replaced by coniferous forests and the climate changed to tropical The

Jurassic period became the peak of the dinosaurs

On the surface of the earth,

reptile species became the dominant animals that occupied the earth

Reptiles became larger, while for new mammal species there were small ones

In addition to large herbivorous animals such as Diplodocus and Brachiosaurus,

carnivorous animals such as Allosaurus became large dinosaurs that walked the surface of the earth in this era The

last chapter of the Mesozoic era is the Cretaceous period

This period, also known as the chalk period, was the time of the famous dinosaurs

such as Tyrannosaurus, the

Ceratopsia family, and Ankylosaurus

and Ankylosaurus

While in the water, Mosasaurus ruled the food chain

At the end of the Cretaceous period, the fastest extinction event ever occurred

After approximately 160 million years of dinosaurs dominating the land and seas,

they met with extinction within a period of 2.5 to less than one million years.

This extinction event is known as the "Cretaceous-Paleogene Extinction"

and is the most popular extinction event because it coincided with the extinction of the dinosaurs.

After the extinction of the dinosaurs, which is approximately 60 million years ago until today,

the earth entered a phase of the era called the Neozoic.

Some scientists divide this period into two eras, namely the Tertiary era and the Quaternary era.

In the Tertiary era, giant reptiles began to decline, replaced by types of mammals.

This era is divided into:

Paleocene,

Eocene,

Oligocene,

Miocene,

and Pliocene.

At the beginning of this era, the climate tended to be tropical with the emergence of large-bodied mammals.

Grasses and flowering plants began to develop. The

emergence of primate-type mammals also occurred in the middle of this era.

Towards the end of the Tertiary era, the climate changed to cold and dry.

Pliohippus; name for ancient horses, and Mammuts like Mastodons began to develop

In the midst of a climate that is increasingly moving towards winter, it

turns out that not only cloven-hoofed animals and Mammuts are developing

From fossil records, it is known that the first ancient humans came from the end of the tertiary period

One of the ancient volcanoes

that is a silent witness to the world's climate change

towards the ice age in Indonesia, is the Nglanggeran Ancient Volcano

This mountain is estimated to have emerged from the ocean floor around the middle of the tertiary period

The appearance of most of the land covered in ice

became the background view of the early half of the Quaternary period The

Pleistocene or Dilluvium period,

or better known as the "Ice Age", was

full of thick-haired animals,

such as thick-haired rhinos,

large deer,

and saber-toothed tigers

This period lasted about 2 million to 10 thousand years ago The

climate conditions that were not too wet in the Pleistocene period

made it difficult for dense forests to develop

Instead, some land faces contained steppe land

Drastic climate change

caused drought in the shallow seas around the large landmasses,

leading to the extinction of life again

Entering the final half of the Quaternary period, namely the period Holocene,

the ice at the North and South Poles and mountains melted

because the temperature began to warm.

This caused the sea water volume to rise

and separated the Indonesian archipelago from Southeast Asia and Australia.

This rise in sea water caused this period to be called the Alluvium Period or "Flood Period".

Who would have thought, from rocks and fossil discoveries

we can know the story of the formation of life on earth

that happened long before we were born.

That's how history leaves stories for us.

And now, it's our turn to continue the story.

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