IPA Kelas 10 - Klasifikasi Makhluk Hidup | GIA Academy

Hello friends, welcome back to the Gia Academy YouTube channel. I hope you are always healthy and energetic. Have you ever gone to the supermarket? There you can go straight to a certain part to find the goods that you will buy. We can find goods easily because the goods are already grouped according to their type. What if the goods in the supermarket are not grouped?

we will certainly find it difficult to find the things we need. The same thing also happens in learning the beauty of the life. To make it easier for experts to do the classification or classification of living beings. What is the classification? We will learn it in detail in this video.

So in this video we will learn about the classification of living creatures, keep watching the video. Well friends, the classification of living creatures was first done by Aristotle. He classified living creatures into two groups, namely plants and animals.

Plants are grouped again based on structure and size, while animals are grouped again based on their behavior and habitat. The classification of living creatures is intended for several things.

simplify the study object so that it is easy to learn, describe the characteristics of life creatures of all kinds so that they are easy to recognize, group life creatures based on their characteristics, know the relationship between life creatures and know the level of evolution of life creatures based on their characteristics.

There are also useful classifications, namely: make it easier to learn about different living beings and can be used to see the relationship between one living being and another. The basic classification carried out by taxonomy experts is: the similarity and difference of morphology, physiology, and anatomy.

A group of living beings whose members only show a little similarity in characteristics and characteristics, the number of members is larger than a group that has more similarities in characteristics and characteristics. A group of living beings that is formed from the classification results is called a taxon. The highest to lowest taxon level is:

Kingdom Film Film for animals, Divisio for plants Class Class Family Genus and Species Plants and animals each have a universal and active scientific name all over the world

The existence of this scientific name is intended to create a simple, easy-to-understand and internationally-accounted system so that it does not cause misunderstanding. Scientific names of plants and animals are arranged based on their taxonomy. First, the name of the species or species.

The name species is known as the binomial nomenclature system, namely naming with two names. This system was developed by Carolus Linnaeus. The way to give a scientific name using the binomial nomenclature system is using Latin or Latinized language. Consisting of two words, the first word shows the name genus, while the second word is species.

The name genus begins with the capital letter, while the pronounciation of species begins with the regular letter or the small letter. Both names are given by the bottom line that is separated or printed vertically. For example: Felis Tigris, Tiger, Columbia Livia, Butterfly, Oriza Sativa, Pea, Zemmice, Corn. The second name is Marga or Genus.

The name of a plant or animal is based on a word class which is a singular word. The first letter is written with capital letters. Examples of plant marga: Selanum, Terong-terongan, and animal marga: Felis, Kucing. Third, the name of a tribe or family. The names of tribes usually come from the name of the living creatures that live together.

In plants, the name of the tribe is added with an -ac. For example, the name of the tribe Solenaceae comes from the word Solanum plus -ac. While in animals, the last -id is added. For example, the name of the tribe Felidae comes from the word Felis plus -id.

Next, Ordo. Ordo is a family group that has the same characteristics or characters. Usually the name Ordo has an alias ending, for example Leguminales. Next, Class. Class is a group of Ordo that has the same characteristics or characters. Sixth, Film or Divisio.

Film for the animal group and Divisio for the plant group are taxon levels consisting of several classes that have the same characteristics. And the highest taxon level is Kingdom. Kingdom is a film or divisio group that has the same character.

Well, friends, this is an example of the use of scientific farming in taxon levels for plants and animals. Plants, for example: Kingdom Plantea, Divisio Pteridopita, Class Aqueousetopsida, Ordo Aqueousetales, Familia Aqueousetaceae, Genus Aqueousetum, Species Aqueousetum Debile, namely horse tail.

For animals, for example: Kingdom Animalia, Film Kordata, Class Mammalia, Ordo Carnivora, Familia Felidae, Genus Panthera, Sp. Panthera Tigris, namely the tiger. The steps that are taken to classify living beings are:

to observe living creatures, to group living creatures based on the characteristics observed and name living creatures. The classification system for living creatures is divided into four types, namely:

First, the classification system is arranged based on the existence of one or a little similarity of morphological characteristics, reproductive tools, habitats, and areas of its distribution without paying attention to the similarity of its structure. For example, angyreks, marbles, and shoe flowers are grouped into the same group because they have the same color of flower, namely white.

Second, the natural classification system is arranged based on many morphological characteristics that are owned by living beings. For example, horses, elephants, cows and buffaloes are grouped into one group because they have the same number of legs, namely four. Next, the phylogenetic classification system.

Arranged based on morphology, anatomy, physiology, and the close relationship between one taxon and the other, as well as referring to the evolutionary relationship of the ancestor and descendants. For example, the animal group shown in the phylogenetic tree.

Finally, the modern classification system is arranged based on the characteristics of morphology, anatomy, physiology, ethology, and molecular structure of the living beings that are grouped. For example, the group of living beings uses modern classification. Well, friends, this is the development of the classification system that has been used internationally.

The two kingdoms were introduced by Carolus Linens in 1735, namely the Kingdom of Vegetabilia and Animalia. The three kingdoms were introduced by Haeckel in 1866, namely the Kingdom of Protista, Plantae and Animalia.

System 4 Kingdom was founded by Herbert Copeland in 1956, namely Monera, Protactista, Plante, and Animalia. System 5 Kingdom was founded by Robert Whittaker in 1969, including Monera, Protactista, Fungi, Plante, and Animalia.

The Six Kingdoms system was invented by Carlos in 1977, consisting of the Kingdom of Archebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

Finally, the Eight Kingdoms system was founded by Thomas Cavalier Smith in 1993. However, in 1998 they revised it to six kingdoms. These eight kingdoms consist of Archebacteria, Eubacteria, Archezoa, Protozoa, Chromista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

From the development of the classification system earlier, the classification system that is currently still recognized is the 5 Kingdom classification system. The classification of the 5 Kingdom system is based on the types of cells, prokaryotes or eukaryotes, unicellular or multicellular, and types of nutrition, autotrophs or heterotrophs. So that you can understand the 5 Kingdom classification, let's discuss one by one.

First, the Monera Kingdom. The living creatures that are included in this kingdom are bacteria and blue green algae. These living creatures are unicellular creatures and do not yet have an integral or prokaryote role. Monera has a beneficial role that also causes harm.

For example, Lactobacillus bogaricus bacteria helps the cheese processing process, while Salmonella tivi bacteria causes typhus.

Second, the Protista Kingdom. Protista is distinguished into three large groups, namely protista similar to plants, algae, except for green-blue algae, protista similar to animals, protozoa, and protista similar to mushrooms. This Kingdom member is a unicellular creature, but its cell core already has a core membrane or eukaryote.

Protists who benefit, for example, the genus Rhodopita used in the food industry, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and other chemicals. While the protists who lose, for example, are the histolytics that cause dysentery. Third, the Fungi Kingdom. The living creatures that are included in this kingdom have the following characteristics:

It is not chlorophyll, so it cannot make its own food or is heterotrophic. Its body is made of Hifa fibers. Its body is organized over many cells or multicellular. It has the core membrane or eukaryote, as well as the cell wall of the ketins and celluloses.

The benefits of fungi are, for example, aspergillus wenti from the Ascomycota group, which is used as a sauce. While the micro-sporum fungus and trichopitone fungus can cause skin diseases such as rashes and pangs.

Fourth, the plant kingdom. Plants or plants are organisms that are able to do photosynthesis because they have chloroplasts in their cells. Plants also have an end-to-end or eukaryote membrane and are arranged on many cells or multicellular. Plants are divided into three groups, namely moss, moss, and plant plants.

Plants in general have many benefits for human life, starting from food, clothes, clothes, medicines, beauty, and aesthetics.

And finally, the Kingdom of Animalia. Animalia or animal is a living creature that already has a core or eukaryote role and is multicellular. Its cells do not have a cell wall so that it can move actively. Different from plants, animals do not have chloroplasts so they cannot make their own food or heterotrophs.

Based on the presence or absence of the spine, animals are divided into two, namely animals that do not have a spine or invertebrate and animals that have vertebrate spine. Animals are widely used by humans as food and shelter, but some certain animals also harm humans such as animals that become ham and victims.

Well, friends, that's the classification with the 5 Kingdoms system: Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plante, and Animalia. Next, we will discuss the identification of living creatures using the key of determination. The key of determination is the explanations that are arranged to determine the groups of a living creature based on the characteristics it has.

The simple and frequently used key of determination is the dichotomous system. Here is an example of a key of determination. From this key of determination, we can divide it into two parts. The left side is the characteristics, while the right side is the plants or animals that are being observed. We will match the characteristics with the group or individuals that are observed.

We start by identifying from statement number 1A. Plants with unripe stems or do not have a body that resembles a stem. These characteristics are suitable for plants that are being observed, namely heartworms. Statement 1B. Plants with unripe stems or have a body that resembles a stem. On the right side, it says number 2. Then we will continue to identify in statement number 2.

2a, on the stem there is no bud, which is a leaf moss. 2b, on the stem there is a bud network, we continue to statement number 3. 3a, unflowered plants, continue to number 4. 3b also continues to number 4.

4a, the leaves have yellow or brown spots, if pressed, small dust will come out. This statement is a characteristic of the paku plant. 4b, the leaves do not have yellow or brown spots. Continue to statement number 5 and so on.

Well, friends, the identification of living beings by this way of determination will end in the statement behind it showing the class, class, or family, plant or animal that is observed. So far you can understand, right?

Okay friends, that's our discussion about the classification of living beings. We will continue to discuss the role of living beings in the ecosystem in the next video. Wait for it, see you!