SEJARAH PANJANG INDIA | Dari Hindu Budha Menuju Kejayaan Islam - Episode Pertama

If we talk about India, we will find a very old civilization that is the same as the ancient Egyptian civilization and Mesopotamia. This is the civilization where the ancestors of the Indians, Pakistan and Bangladesh came from. In this civilization, Hindu, Buddhist and Sikh religions also originated.

before then distributed to the rest of the world. This is India. But don't be mistaken, other than the three religions, the Islamic religion in India has also succeeded in its time.

The passing of the Mughal kingdom such as the Lahore flag, the Agra flag, the Ajmir flag, the Allahabad flag, even the Taj Mahal monument which is considered as one of the wonders of the world, is proof that Islam has succeeded in its time. However, the light of success must be extinguished for a moment.

As the saying goes, "There is no such thing as a failure, there is a reason for everything." It is true that Islam and Hinduism in India have a very long journey. A journey full of conflict and war. This is the long history of India.

Starting from its civilization, the emergence of Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms, as well as the success of Islam. From here, some questions arise. So, who are the Indian ancestors? How did the story of Hindu, Buddhist, and Islamic religions in India come about?

This video is the first episode of three or four in the series India history.

Three thousand years before the Macecian era, an ancient civilization appeared, Lembah Sungai Indus, located in Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. This civilization is very wide, ranging from Afghanistan to West India or Pakistan. The civilization of the Indus River. Indus in Sanskrit language is Sindhu which means "big water".

This name was absorbed into the Greek language in the future, Indos or India. The name of the country that refers to a region in South Asia that we now know as the Republic of India.

Unlike the ancient Mesopotamian civilization, the Indian civilization is known to be very advanced. The disappearance of the architecture of the civilization is proof that the civilization in Harappa and Mohenjo-daro was very advanced. And who built all this is none other than the Dravida, an Australoid race, with black skin, curly hair, and a firm body.

Mohenjo-daro was discovered as recently as 1922. The civilization that produced Mohenjo-daro is called the Indus Valley Civilization. It spread over a much larger area than the civilizations of Mesopotamia and Egypt of the same period.

With fertile land and close to the Indus River, economically they depend on agricultural results. Compared to other civilizations, life there is relatively stable. For hundreds of years they were not bothered by war or ambition. This safe and prosperous life is not easy to make the Dravidians believe.

if there is a figure who protects them, which means the God of Fruity. No wonder the Dravidians at that time worshiped the God. Every worship that is done as a token of gratitude for every peaceful and prosperous life. However, that life must be preserved after they are worshipped by other nations.

1500 BC, the Dravida people were not invited. They are Aryan. In the past, Aryans were known to live nomadically or moving. Because Persia was in war, Aryans began to move to relatively safe areas.

The area is located in South Asia, precisely on the Indus River, which is inhabited by the Dravida people. Of course, their arrival was not in a good way. The massive city walls suggest that the population once faced a powerful enemy. There are legends describing the triumphant arrival of the Hindus sweeping down the river valleys into India. The date is uncertain.

By carrying horses and war trains, Aryans began to take over the Indian territory. On the one hand, their arrival was not accepted. But on the other hand, as guests, Aryans actually stayed there.

Since then, the ancient civilization that we know as the Indian River civilization slowly began to sink to the ground. In fact, slowly, the social and cultural life of the Dravida people began to change. From here we have learned that the Dravida and Arya people are the ancestors of the Indians.

As time went by, 600 BC Aryans began to spread throughout northern India. Since then, there they established kingdoms. And since then, they began to recognize faith or Hindu religion. One of the largest Hindu kingdoms at that time was the Kingdom of Magadha located in northern India.

At that time, by bringing the basis of Hindu belief, the Magadha kingdom began to introduce the caste system to be applied in their social life. Among several castes, the highest caste is the Brahmana caste, then the Ksatria caste, the Waisa caste, and then the Sudra caste.

The stories of the heroes of Kasta Kesatria were also told in the literature at that time that we know to this day. Some of them are Ramayana, Mahabharata, and Bhagavad Gita. Strangely, with the existence of the caste system, the social life of the Magadha kingdom is relatively stable. It's just that the Hindu success there is not long-lasting.

To understand all that, we will see one of the Kingdoms of Magadha, precisely in the time of the Nanda Dynasty, which was in power in 413 BC. At that time, the foundation of Hindu prosperity began to be felt, especially since the emergence of new religions such as the Sikh, Jain, and including the Buddha.

Moreover, the government of the Nanda dynasty was not liked by the majority of its people. In addition, because of the government with its iron hands, taxes that were burdened on its people were very high. Automatically, this condition caused groups of rebels.

And in 326 BC, the rebel group led by Chandragupta Maurya finally succeeded in capturing and destroying the Nanda dynasty. Since then, the Maurya dynasty has established its power in the Kingdom of Magadha. At that time, the Maurya dynasty was still standing as a Hindu kingdom.

It just started to change after being led by King Ashoka, the great leader of this dynasty since 273 BC. Al-Kisa, a war took place. Ashoka only had one war to conquer the territory bordering Afghanistan to Khaveri in South India.

Ashoka was very different from his predecessors. He was known as a cruel, ambitious king to expand his power. However, at one point, the king met a Buddhist priest named Upagupta.

Ashoka seemed influenced and devoid of the wisdom of that priest. Therefore, he eventually embraced the Buddha's religion. Since then, King Ashoka, who was known as Kejam, finally repented. He even became a good king. It was after a victorious war in which he killed a hundred thousand people.

No wonder at that time or since embracing the Buddha's religion, he was known as a kind-hearted ruler or a repentant ruler.

For the first time, finally the kingdom of Magadha was led by a Buddha-religion king. Since Asoka embraced the Buddha's religion, he has been introducing, even giving rules so that all his people follow his teachings. Even the king built thousands of temples and shrines in all his territories.

Interestingly, the spread of Buddhism by King Ashoka reached the Kingdom of Rome and Egypt. He only died in 232 BC. Despite that, Buddhism in North India is still standing. However, during the Buhadrata dynasty, the seeds of Buddhism began to sprout.

Slowly, the Hindu followers began to hate the Buddha kingdom of Bhadratha. The peak occurred in 185 BC, the Brahmins, the leaders of the Sungha, succeeded in killing the King of Bhadratha. Since then, the Sungha dynasty has become a new dynasty in the Magadha kingdom. And since then, the success of the Buddha religion has begun to decline.

Buddhist followers ran away. As the new Hindu king, finally, Sungha managed to restore the success of Hinduism. Only not long after then, Islam came to the Indian land. We have learned that Islam was born in the Arab world.

In fact, long before Islam was born, the Arabs had a good relationship with the Indians. In addition to trade, many of the Indian people who were caste-based fled to the Arabs to seek protection. For decades, they often experienced discrimination because of the caste system.

Remembering that the Suda caste is the lowest caste in India. In addition, trade between Arabs and Indians continues. It's just that Arabs often become victims of the genocide in the Sin area, which then became the power of the Brahmin kingdom of India. At the peak of the 7th century, the genocide happened again.

and made the Caliph Bani Umayyah al-Walid angry. Finally, he sent the leadership of Muhammad bin Qasim to the Sinai region. The war took place and the power of the Brahmin dynasty in the Sinai region was destroyed. Interestingly, after the establishment of the kingdom, Muhammad bin Qasim spread Islam in the Sinai region.

In fact, he built various Muslim religious places there. Since then, Islam has started to enter India. And since then, the Sin area is known as the "Babul Islam" or the entrance door of Islam in India. The arrival of Islam in India is well received by the local community.

This is quite a reason, because Islam does not recognize caste as their previous belief system. As time goes by, the Islamic followers began to worship India and spread the teachings of Islam.

At the peak of the year 1175, the Islamic Sultanate of Afghanistan, the Gurid Kingdom, led by the emperors Shihabuddin Mu'izzuddin, tried to conquer India. With the strength of the army led by Qut al-Abyak, they managed to conquer the Hindu kingdoms almost throughout the Indian peninsula.

Since then, Al-Abyak was finally given the title to establish the kingdom there. We know that kingdom as the kingdom or the Sultanate of Delhi. Since then, India has been dominated by Islam.

Even though the Islamic kingdom survived there, there is no difference with other kingdoms. High taxes, the enmity towards its people, especially towards those who are Hindu, often occurs. Even Buddhism is also the same. No wonder the Delhi Sultanate, led by five dynasties, only survived for 320 years.

The peak occurred during the reign of the third king of the Lodi dynasty, Sultan Ibrahim Lodi. The king was known to be very arrogant and arrogant by the nationals. In fact, he did not get military support.

As a result, in 1525, Daulah Khan, governor of Punjab, and Alam Khan, Paman Sultan Ibrahim himself, invited Zahiruddin Muhammad Babur to attack the Delhi Sultanate. A year later, Zahiruddin Muhammad Babur, whom we know as the descendant of Jeng Ishan, with his army attacked the Delhi Sultanate. The Panipat War also took place.

In no time, thousands of Delhi's troops were defeated. His king, Ibrahim Lodi, was killed. Delhi's sultanate was destroyed and the new Islamic kingdom was established under the leadership of Zahiruddin Muhammad Babur. We know him as the Mughal Sultanate.

Then, Mughal as the Islamic Sultanate in India, is there no difference between them and the previous kingdom? Or it just caused a division between religions, especially Islam and Hindus?

As a new kingdom, the Mughal Islamic Kingdom is not far different from the Delhi Kingdom. In fact, day by day, in addition to advancing civilization in India, Mughal also expanded its territory to the Bangladesh, Kashmir, Afghanistan, and the Dekan Plateau. Only the Mughal Kingdom has one serious problem.

As a legacy of the Delhi Kingdom, the relationship between religions there is not good, especially between Muslims and Hindus. Especially when Mughal was so eager to spread the teachings of Islam. Many Hindus who did not like that.

Fanaticism, intolerance between Islam and Hindu religions, slowly appeared and even caused a long conflict. The discord between religions was threatened. This lasted for 30 years until a new figure appeared, the new king Jalaluddin Akbar.

1560, after officially becoming king, Jalaluddin Akbar looked different from the previous kings. He intended to solve the problem of inter-religion that lasted quite a long time.

The King also created a political system called "Sul Equl" or "Universal Peace" which means "tolerance together". In other words, this system is a pillar in every policy so as not to differentiate between race, culture, and religion. This, of course, gets a positive response from most of the people of the Indian Peninsula.

In fact, the Mughal kingdom rarely held discussions and dialogue between religions to create a harmony between religions, especially between Hindus and Muslims. Moreover, as a symbol of tolerance between religions, King Mughal III Jalaluddin Akbar married a Hindu daughter, Jodabai. We know her as Jodha Akbar.

Jalaluddin Akbar

An ideal leader at the time The king was very loved by his people Only this condition did not last long In 1605 Jalaluddin Akbar died

There are many remains of the Akbar kingdom which are a special architecture. Some of them are: Lahore Fort, Agra Fort, Ajmir Fort, Allahabad Fort, and the city of Fatipur Sikri with some beautiful mosques. After the death of King Jalaluddin Akbar, the Mughal kingdom was continued by his eldest son, Nuruddin Muhammad Salim Jahangir.

At that time, Mughal was known to have a strong military. After that, 22 years later, after he died, the Mughal kingdom was led by Shahabuddin Muhammad Guram or known as Shah Jahan. At that time, the policy of Akbar and after him were still maintained. Islam was still successful at that time.

He even built a monument that we can see today. The monument is known as one of the seven wonders of the world, namely Taj Mahal. Actually, Taj Mahal was built by Shah Jahan for his wife's funeral. At least this building is proof that Islam was successful in India at the time.

Only that success did not last long. After the fall of the empire, the power of the sages collapsed and was replaced by his son, Aurangzeb. Since then, the Mughal kingdom has begun to change drastically. By defending the success of Islam, in fact, with its paritanism, Aurangzeb has changed all existing policies.

a policy that harasses Hindus. The interreligion between religions is also threatened. Even worse, this condition is used by the British who had already entered India. Since then, the Mughal Revolution has begun. And vice versa, the British colonial era in India has also begun. One more thing,

The conflict between Hindus and Muslims in India is about to begin. The Indian government has been fighting for the rights of Hindus and Muslims in the country for decades.

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