Linux для ХАКЕРОВ: гайд на терминал без воды

Tired of endless clicks with a mouse? Dreaming of controlling the computer with the power of thought? Today I will turn you into the god of the terminal. Forget about the graphical interface, we will do everything in an adult way, through the command line. This is a must-have for any IT specialist, programmer, sysadmin, engineer. To repeat after me, you will need any Unix system, be it Linux, macOS or VSL on Windows. I will use Ubuntu in a virtual machine, but you can take

any distribution. If you have a clean window, put it in USL, it will take no more than 5 minutes, it is in Microsoft Store. But before we start creating magic, let's make our terminal beautiful first. Because working in a new interface is like coming on a date in stretched tracksuits when your boyfriend came in a skirt.

Well, not beautiful. Therefore, we open the terminal, in Linux it is in the application menu, most often. And in macOS we click on the finder, programs, utilities and select the terminal there. The first thing you see is a poor little font. We press the right mouse button, settings, profile and select the normal size of the shift. You see this line with a flashing cursor. This is your new workspace that you will have to get used to.

Now it looks pretty boring, but we'll fix it. The standard invitation shows your username, dog symbol, computer name and current directory. The tilde sign means your home folder.

By the way, real nerds say "directory", not "folder". And this sounds more solid. The dollar sign at the end means that you are working under an ordinary user. Don't worry, we'll customize everything soon. The first rule of the terminal: enter commands and press Enter. The shell will do all the magic for you. Now we have a bash, but we'll put a cooler replacement a little later. But before it becomes cool, let's talk about our basis. The "whoami" command shows your username. Yes, it's necessary if you forgot your name.

The VVD will show where you are. It's useful when you're lost in the file system. The root directory is designated as /. This is the basis of everything. Unlike Windows, there are no C and D disks here. All devices are mounted in a single system. If you do a random thing and press Enter, the terminal will politely say that there is no such command. Now the main question is how to install something here. You can forget about downloading .exe files from various suspicious sites, trojans, etc.

In Linux, everything is done through package managers. This is like an app store, only for the terminal. The package is a ready-made program. In Ubuntu, the Debian manager is called apt-fedora-dnf-mcos-brew. But in addition to the terminal version, it can also be graphical. In many Linux distributors, this is predetermined.

But before I continue, I would like to say an important word about practical benefit. CodeGuard is the only telegram channel on cybersecurity that I read and recommend to you. It is led by my friend, who is not a theorist, but a real specialist. Everything you see is his daily work: analysis of real vulnerabilities, real cases and unique techniques.

I take a lot of it for myself. There is no extra information here, only a concentration of tasks. The link is waiting for you in the description. This is your step to the real level. Let's put the NeoFetch utility. A utility for beautifully displaying information about the system. First, update the package list using the sudo apt update command. It updates the repository and, accordingly, the package list.

The vessel will ask for your password, but the symbols are not displayed, and this is normal, this is done so that no one will overlook the number of symbols in your password. The vessel utility itself will give you temporary rights of a super user, well, like an administrator in Windows. To install, we will write "sudo apt install nameofhatch". Windows users are usually shocked to see how this

So the program remains one command and you don't need to constantly press next, next, next. But this method is safer because all packages are checked. After installation, just enter the name of the fetch in the terminal and enjoy the beauty. Now you see your data in the system. Congratulations, you have just installed the first program through the terminal, but this is just the beginning of our journey.

After the first input of the password, the ship will not ask it for 15 minutes, which is quite convenient. Now let's navigate. The LS command shows what is inside the current directory. I have a standard file set, such as Documents, Music, Pictures, etc. To create a folder, use the MCadir command. It is important that the commands work only where you are. If I am in the home directory and call the MCadir project command,

for example, then the folder will be created here. If you try to create a folder with spaces in the name, then several folders will be created in accordance with your words. To avoid this, use a backslash or lower underlines.

To move between folders, use the command "cd" For example, "cd project" will move us to the folder "project" "cd" and two dots will return you to the higher level "cd" without arguments will return you to the home directory, which is also very convenient

Now let's create a file with the command "touch". To do this, you need to type "touch" and the file name. To write something into it, we can use the "re-direction" of the output. It's simple. For this, we use the command "echo" and in quotes specify the text we need. Then, using this arrow, we specify the file name. Thus, the text

will fit inside this file, completely replacing it. Such an arrow rewrites the file, and two such arrows add text to the end of the file. You can check the content using the cat command, which will be all the contents of some file.

These are basic operations, but everything else is built on them. But if you are interested in programming, hacking, cybersecurity, you can always contact me on Telegram, because I am engaged in mentorship and can help you learn all this from scratch to the professional level. My consultations are completely free, so we can discuss everything without any problems. Write to me on Telegram. Now let's analyze the magic of pipes. Unix has a flow system .

This is an input, stdout, output and stdr, i.e. errors. You can direct the output of one program to the output of another through the Pipe operator.

For example, I want to find all the .jpg files. To do this, I need to write ls pipe grep.jpg. ls displays a list of files, and grep filters only .jpg. This is the concept of the basics of Unix philosophy. Let's create a simple Python script to scan our network for available devices using ARP. Watch my playlist on networks to know what ARP is. So, first we will create a file using the touch command. Open it in vim. vim is a special code editor that works from the terminal.

Most likely you won't have it, it can be downloaded using the APT install win clock Inside it we will write a simple script that scans all devices in our network using the ARP scan utility It can also be downloaded separately To save, we press the double-point W, K and the exclamation mark This will save our file and we will exit the program without unnecessary confirmation Now we make a script performed using the command chmod From English to Russian changeMode Here we write +x

This gives the right to execute, we will discuss this a little later. And specify the name of our file. We run our file using the Python 3 command "File Name". And it works great. By the way, about pipes. You can redirect separate flows. For example, the command "2" and "1" with the specified path "def null" will redirect errors nowhere. Def null is a virtual device that simply removes everything that gets into it.

It's useful when you don't want to see errors in the output. So, before we move on, let me show you a few tricks that will speed up your work by a lot. Tab is your best friend. It automatically complements commands and file names. The arrows down and up scroll the history of commands. History shows the whole story. Ctrl + Russian G on the keyboard cleans the line, and Ctrl + W deletes the whole word. Ctrl + C immediately interrupts the execution of the command. These hot keys will save you a lot of nerves and time. Okay.

We created files, but how to delete them? The rm command is your file terminator. But remember an important point: in Unix there is no basket. Deleted files disappear forever. Be careful with this. To delete the folder with contents, add flag -r. This flag indicates to the command that its removal occurred recursively. Most commands have flags, these are additional options. For example, ls -a.

will show hidden files, their names start with a dot. It is in this file .zshrc that we will configure our terminal. To see detailed information about files, we need to write ls -l. The first symbol shows the type of file, "-" will be for the file, and "-d" will be for the directory. Next are the access rights. These are three groups of three symbols. The letters R, W and X mean read,

Read, Write, Record and Execute. For example, rwxr-xr- means that the owner can do everything, the group can only read and execute, and the rest can only read. And this is important for the security of system administration. To change the rights, use the command chmod . Rights are set in numbers. 4 is r, 2 is w, and 1 is x.

For example, ChangeMode755 will set the rights rwxr-xr-x. The number for each group is the amount of necessary rights. If you want to give the opportunity only for execution, write 1. All rights in total give 7, this is 4 + 2 + 1. Reading and execution is 5, 4 + 1. These are kind of access codes like in spy movies. And it looks pretty complicated, but in fact everything is logical.

You just need to get used to it. By the way, the file owner can be changed using the "chown" command. From English to Russian, this is a change owner. Well, now returning to "ls -l". After "Prav" shows the number of links: owner, group, file size and date of change. By the way, if you use the "touch" command on an already existing file, it will update the date of change without changing the content. This can be useful for tracking activity. So.

And now note that flags can be combined. Instead of ls -l and -a, you can write ls -la. And now let's figure out how to copy files. To copy files, use the command "cp". To move or rename, the command "mv". Now on the screen you will see how I create a file, and later rename it using the command "mv". Tar is used to work with archives. And to search, the powerful command "fint", which will find those files anywhere in the system. It can search for files by name.

size, time of change and this is a real Swiss knife. Now let's get back to the terminal setup. Set up the ZSH. Sudo apt-install zsh. Let me remind you, apt is a package manager for Debian or Ubuntu, in other distributors the commands were different. ZSH installed? Great. Now let's make it a default shell using this command.

But be careful not to close the terminal until you make sure that everything works. Restart the terminal. So far, it all looks pretty strange, but we will fix it. Next, we put "OMYZSH" - this is a framework for configuring ZSH. Now the main thing is customization. Choose the theme from the hundreds available for OMYZSH. We open our config on this path via vim.

Find the "ZSH theme" line and enter the name of the theme you like there. Save and reload the terminal, and it looks much more solid. You can find the list of themes on their website, on the Internet, or in the "Omai.zh" files. Now let's move on to the real magic, to the alias.

This is your super ability. You can forget about the long commands, because alias is your personal pseudonym for them. For example, to avoid writing ls - la every time, you can just create an alias. Inside .zshrc, add a line.

that you see on the screen. Save and make a source to our zshrc_config to apply the changes. And now you just write "l" and voila, this command will automatically work for you. It is incredibly simple and speeds up the process of operation. But this is not the whole functionality, because there are still functions. Now we will create a function for a quick transition to the project folder.

Inside .zshrc you write what you see on the screen, thus creating a function that will be executed when you write the work command. But the main thing is not to forget what you have assigned for what, so comment your alias. Now the most important rule. Set the terminal for yourself, not for fashion. Don't try to make a terminal like some youtuber, blogger and so on. Your task is to create a terminal that will be convenient for you, not for someone else. Also, don't put everything in a row.

Just put what you use. Now you are an unusual user, you are the leader of the terminal. And don't be afraid to experiment. All the materials from the video, the sparkly commands I have already posted on my telegram channel, and in the hat of the telegram there are my contacts if you are interested in mentoring. QR code on the screen, link in the description. Bye.