STRUKTUR ATOM DAN SISTEM PERIODIK UNSUR : Struktur Atom - Materi KIMIA SMA Kelas 10, TKA SMA |Part 1

Hello, Edson's friends. Greetings, smart people! How are you? Welcome back to my channel, Kak Tiar, a chemical tutor at Edson.id. In this video, we will discuss about the atom model. Are you ready? Atom Model

The Atom is the smallest part of a matter or the smallest part of an object. This explanation and understanding is based on the research of scientists from ancient times until today. Actually, a person

The first Greek philosopher to explain atoms is Democritus. He stated that atoms are the smallest part of an object that cannot be divided again.

But the understanding explained by him has an experiment that is less convincing, so scientists doubt his explanation. After that, various atomic models were found with more convincing research. The research results in a theory and an atomic model as follows.

The first Atom Model Theory is the Dalton Atom Model Theory. Then, because the Dalton Atom Theory has weaknesses,

There is a new theory, namely the Thomson Atom Theory. Then it was repaired again by the Rudolf Ford Atom Theory and the Niels Bohr Atom Theory. And the latest Atom Theory is the Modern Atom Model Theory or the Quantum Mechanical Atom Theory. Well, this is what we will discuss, the Atom Model from each of these theories. The first theory that we will discuss is the Atom Theory from John Dalton. Okay, what is the Dalton Atom Model?

Like in this picture, Dalton's hypothesis is described with an atom model as a ball of clay, as illustrated below. Actually, Dalton explains what an atom is, more precisely, what an atom is like. So, like this, the theory of Dalton's atom has the following points. Dalton's Atom Theory.

First, he agrees with the statement of Democritus that atoms are the smallest part of an item that cannot be divided again. So the smallest part of an item or matter. From a matter that cannot be divided again.

divided again What does it mean? For example, you have a piece of gold there is a piece of gold a piece of silver gold this gold we will cut it, friend we cut it so that the part will be split into two parts like this, half of it then we cut this gold again we cut it again so that the part becomes

Like this. Then we cut it again, so it becomes like this. We cut it again, it becomes like this. Until it's cut again, it becomes like this. And it turns out that this last part can no longer be cut. Well, this is what is called an atom according to John Dalton. Okay.

The second, Dalton stated that atoms are identical to a matter So in a matter or an object, the atoms are identical And different for other elements and different for other matter

For example, between gold matter or gold metal with copper, the atoms are different. But this gold metal consists of many atoms inside it. Each atom in the gold metal is identical. Like that, according to John Dalton. Third, so these atoms can combine to form a substance with a constant comparison. So atoms...

Atoms can combine to form a substance with a certain ratio. Then the last one, John Dalton stated that atoms cannot be created and cannot be destroyed. So atoms cannot be created

and or destroyed Okay friends, these four points explain the Atom Dalton theory or Atom Dalton model

Okay, next is the Thomson Atom Model. The Thomson Atom Theory is a revision of the previous Atom Theory, namely the Dalton Atom Theory. Thomson did not agree with Dalton that atoms are the smallest part of a matter that cannot be divided again. Thomson stated that there are other particles in the atom. What are the other particles? So it's like this.

Let's first summarize the points of Thomson's Atom Theory. Okay, first, Thomson states that atoms are neutral. What I mean by neutral is the amount of positive and negative content in an atom is the same, so it is neutral.

Then, it turns out that in the atom there is another particle, namely a negative-fueled particle, which is called an electron. So there is a negative-fueled particle, or also called an electron,

Electrons that are evenly distributed in the atom. So, the one that is evenly distributed.

evenly on the atom part, okay, so there are electrons spread evenly, yes, as you can see like this, the other part, yes, the part that is not spread by electrons is a positive part, so it is reflected that the Thomson atom theory or the Thomson atom model is also called the atom model

Like the kismis bread, the bread is the part that does not have electrons, it is a positive-containing part, then the kismis is the electron that spreads evenly, like that.

So, point 2 states that the theory of Thomson atoms. The first is that atoms are neutral and the second is that there are electron particles that are spread evenly. This electron particle is also called cathode light.

Comrades, the next atom theory is presented by a student of Thomson, Ernest Rutherford. Rutherford did not agree with Thomson's atom theory. Rutherford stated that electrons are not evenly distributed, but electrons are in a passage called the skin and surrounds the core atom. So, we write it first.

points from the Rutherford Atom Theory okay, if Thompson said that electrons spread evenly in the atom section but Rutherford did not agree so this Rutherford said that electrons are not spread but electrons surround the core of atoms so electrons surround surround

a part in the atom that is called the atom core, surrounding the atom core. So, Rutherford also found the atom core in the atom. This is from an experiment, an experiment by Rutherford, namely the experiment of Rutherford, the alpha beam shooting, the alpha beam shooting,

Alpha rays are positive, and they are fired into gold metal. So, alpha rays are fired into gold metal. It turns out that in the event of shooting alpha rays into gold metal, there are parts, so the alpha rays are part of the part that is continued,

but most of the parts are continued but it turns out there is a part in the gold that reflects the alpha signal so when the alpha signal is fired it is reflected so the majority of the parts are passed but there is a part that is reflected this part is called the atomic core the part that reflects the alpha signal

...revealing the alpha light... ...is the atom's core. The atom's core... ...is positive. Why? Because the alpha light is positive. The part that reveals the alpha light is the atom's core. It means that... ...it's positive when it meets the positive, so it's rejected. So, the atom's core... ...is positive. So, this is...

The second point, the electron surrounds the positive atom core. You can see it like this. This is an electron, then it surrounds the core of the atom in the middle which is the center of mass of the atom. The third point of the Atom-Rudolf Vort theory is that it states that when an electron surrounds the core of an atom, it continues to radiate energy. So, an electron surrounds the core of an atom,

Surrounding the atomic core by emitting its energy. So when it surrounds the core, it keeps emitting energy. Now, imagine how the energy emitted by this electron is gone.

Automatically when the electron energy runs out, you can see the electron energy runs out, then the electron will fall to the core. Because the atom core is full of positive, the electron negative, so this positive will pull the electron. But the event of the electron falling towards the core is never found. This is the weakness of the Rutherford Atom Theory.

Next is the atom theory of Niels Bohr. This atom theory perfects the previous atom theory, namely the Rutherford atom theory. You can see here, the Niels Bohr atom model is illustrated like this image. You can see that the atom is like an orbit of a galaxy.

There is an atom core, then there are the cross-passes that will be filled by the electron. What are the atom theory points? So we write first, the atom theory from Niels Bohr. The first is, he agrees with Rutherford that the electron surrounds the atom core. But added again by Niels Bohr.

Electrons surround the atom with stationary cross

So, electrons connect these atoms with certain lines, there are lines. Each line is called an atom skin. So, electron lines are called an atom skin. Where each of these atoms has a certain level of energy.

Each atom has a different energy level. Where this Niels Bohr symbolizes a skin with the symbol of the letter N.

So if n = 1, it means the first skin, which is the skin K, you can see here, this is the skin K, then this is the skin L, where it is the second skin, the skin L, then the third skin is the skin M,

And the fourth skin is the skin of N. The higher the value of N, the higher the energy level. So you can see that the highest energy level is the skin of N. And the lowest energy level is the skin of K.

The third point from this atom-Nels Bohr theory, he does not agree with Rudolf Voth that electrons when they are in the core, they radiate energy. But, these electrons can change the skin or be excited from the lowest skin to the highest skin or vice versa, from the highest skin to the lowest skin. But, there are consequences. So the consequences are like this, electrons

can move the line or can move the skin can move skin if it's from the outer skin outer skin means for example from the skin N we symbolize only if the outer skin means the value of N is large N is large it will move to the innermost skin

The inside skin, the inside skin means the N is small. The consequence when he wants to move from the outside skin which has higher energy to the inside skin with lower energy, it means he has to balance his energy. How? From high energy to low energy means he is throwing away the energy that is at the high level of energy. So if he moves from the outside skin to the inside skin,

The electron will release its energy or discard its energy. The opposite is when the electron moves from the deepest skin or deeper skin with a small n, then moves to the outer skin, the outer skin, which is the big n.

then the consequence is that the electron must absorb energy. The electron absorbs energy.

Because of the event of electron transition from the inner skin to the outer skin or from the outer skin to the inner skin causes the spectrum of atoms to be discontinued. But this Niels Bohr can only explain the spectrum of atoms with the number of atoms 1 such as the hydrogen atom spectrum

or the spectrum of atoms from Li+ the number of atoms 1, it can't explain the spectrum of atoms with a large number of atoms this is the weakness of the Niels Bohr theory

Sobat Edsen, the last Atom theory is the Atom Modern theory, which was proposed by a scientist named Schrödinger. He stated that the Atom Modern model, based on quantum mechanics theory, which is also called quantum mechanics theory,

Electron skin is not a certain position of an electron, but only a possible event. What does it mean? So, at first, Skrodinger combined two theories, namely the hypothesis of de Broglie and the uncertainty of Heisenberg. What is the theory? First, there is a hypothesis that was used by a scientist

He said that a particle with a small mass with high speed has a bubble nature.

has a bubble nature. Okay, so a particle with a small mass with high speed has a bubble nature. That's the Broglie hypothesis. Then the second theory is the basis of Heisenberg uncertainty. The basis of Heisenberg uncertainty. Okay.

This explains that a particle with a particle of a wave, the position and momentum cannot be determined for sure. The position and momentum cannot be determined for sure.

So those are the two theories that are the basis of the Scrodinger's theory or quantum mechanics. The first one, a particle with a small mass with high speed has a wave property. The second one, a particle with a wave property, its position and momentum cannot be determined for sure.

Small particles with high speed are an example of an electron. That means electrons are in the form of waves. Because electrons are in the form of waves, the position and momentum cannot be determined for sure. So the theory of the Atom-Moderne Model or Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Mechanics, which is presented by Schrödinger,

By combining these two theories, Krodinger stated that the position of the electron cannot be determined for sure. What can be determined is the possibility or the greatest possibility that the electron position exists.

So the possibility or probability of the largest position of an electron is called an orbital.

So this is quantum mechanics theory and then to explain about orbital then Skrodinger made a quantum number. The main quantum number, the azimuth quantum number, the magnetic quantum number and the quantum spin number. Okay, this is the modern atom theory that was developed by Skrodinger.

Okay, Edson's friends, this is the material discussion about the atomic model. It's not easy, see you again in the next video with Kak Tiar. Don't forget to study and smart greetings. That's all Edson's friends for today's learning video. See you again in the next learning video. Don't forget to activate notifications for our latest videos. Edson's friends can also visit edson.id and find thousands of learning videos.

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