Kurikulum Merdeka Rangkuman Materi IPS Kelas 10 Tema 1 Sejarah Indonesia Manusia Ruang dan Waktu

Hi everyone, back again on the education portal channel On this occasion we will discuss a summary of the IPS class 10 theme 1 material That is about Indonesian history, humans, space and time This material is already a free curriculum The first material we will start with history knowledge guide

The term "history" in Indonesian language according to some experts comes from Arabic language which is "Sejaratun" which means "wood tree" In the KBBI, the term "history" contains three explanations namely: origin or origin of the origin, events and events that really happened in the past, can be a narrative, tale, or story,

as well as knowledge or narration about events and events that really happened in the past. In English, history is history or based on the Cambridge paper, history is a study or note about events that happened in the past, such as events in a certain period of time, a country or another subject.

In Greek, history comes from the word "historia" which means "skilful person" Then, what are we learning history for? Divided from various sources, there are several uses of history, among others, explaining how humans and their actions may be influenced by a political or economic problem or geographical condition

give an understanding that people in the past may not have the same values as we have today. Know who we are as individuals and know who we are collectively or as part of a group of society and nation. Understanding the memories and traditions inherited by previous generations to future generations, so that how history forms our current condition.

grow and develop critical thinking, creative, imaginative, and reflective, as well as grow and develop scientific knowledge such as finding sources, sorting sources, and analyzing historical sources. Next, we discuss humans as drivers, actors, and historical witnesses.

Humans in the study of history is subject and object, meaning that humans with the same sense of logic and actions are historical movements that bring change in society.

According to Carto Dirjo in 2017, he pointed out that when biography and individual become historical units, then individuals as humans must be fully understood about the background, the social environment of their culture, their mind, and their view of life. Next, history in dimension, space, and time.

In history, spatial dimension refers to the place where an event occurs. Dimension of space explains the condition and situation of an event. In history, there is also a dimension of time that refers to when an event occurs. The dimension of time can be in the form of seconds, hours, days, weeks, months, years, even centuries in the past that show when an event occurred.

Based on Kunto Wijoyo in 2013, there are four things that have been learned in history in terms of time, namely development, sustainability, reproduction, and change.

As a science that studies humans in the dimension of space and time, the historian Kunto Wijaya in 2013 explained that history is a science that studies about humans, time, something that has a social meaning, about something that is certain and specific. It should be remembered that the study of history is different from archeology and anthropology.

Archeology is science that studies about humans as fossils and objects in human life. While anthropology is science that studies humans and culture, even though its research is focused on life in prehistoric times. The focus of historical science studies is to study all processes and human dynamics with all aspects of their lives in the past.

Next, we enter the matter of diachronism and synchronism in history. A social scientist named John Galtung in his book titled "Theory and Method of Social Research" in 1966, argued that history is a diachronistic science and other social sciences are synchronous sciences.

As a diachronic science, Kunto Wijoyo in 2008 explained that history is a science that learns signs that are long in time but limited in space. According to Zed in 2018, history explains changes in the course of time that are conveyed in sequence from the earliest to the last.

This shows that historical knowledge is chronologically conveyed. Chronology in English comes from Greek, which is "Koronus", which means time. Referring to Merriam-Webster's book, chronology is the arrangement or organization of each event in sequence of events. While synchronous knowledge is the knowledge that learns the broad symptoms in space, but in limited time.

Synchronous is etymologically derived from the Greek language, which is Synchronous, which means it happens simultaneously. Synchronous in history refers to the space where an event or event occurs that explains the situation and condition of a community due to and correlated to an event. Then in history there is also the term periodization.

Periodization is the time shift in history by connecting various events according to their time in one period. The purpose of periodization is to facilitate understanding a historical event in a certain time frame and classification. One example of Indonesian history periodization is done by historian Taufik Abdullah. In his work, Indonesia in the History of History,

The order is: Prehistory, Hindu-Buddha Kingdom, Islam's coming and civilization, Colonization and resistance, The period of the movement of the nation, War and Revolution, Pascha Revolution, and New Order and Reformation. Next, we discuss history research.

According to Louis Gauchalc, quoted from the 2011 essay, historical research is to apply four main activities as a way to conduct historical research, namely: collecting various written and relevant information, removing unclear information and the reality is still doubtful, taking conclusions from proven evidence and sources, and linking all evidence and sources into reports.

The next method used in historical research is heuristic, which means collecting various data from various historical sources. Criticism and verification, which means conducting a survey of the authenticity of historical sources. Interpretation, namely interpreting and understanding the meaning of the relationship between historical sources that have been verified.

as well as historiography, i.e. writing, research results, and historical reports. Next, we discuss historical sources. In general, there are two types of historical sources, namely primary historical sources and secondary historical sources.

The primary historical sources are the main data directly obtained from the subject and object of the research. For example, archives, fossils, artifacts, and the results of interviews with the perpetrator or historical witness. While the secondary historical sources are the supporting data written or made after the incident is over. For example, the results of historical research, relevant research reports, biographies,

Surat menyurat, and news letters that are not in line with the events. Well, based on its form, there are three forms of historical sources, namely written sources, object sources, and literary sources. Examples of written sources are prasasti, chronicles, babat, hikayat, surat busurat, reports, manuscripts, books, newsletters, and magazines. An example of literary sources is the tradition of reading.

which is a story inherited between generations by writing. While examples of the source of the object can be photos, videos, buildings, and living tools. Next we discuss the writing of history. The historiography of Indonesian history written by historians, both from Indonesia and outside Indonesia, is generally grouped into three types, namely traditional historiography, colonial historiography, and modern historiography.

Traditional historiography is the history of the Hindu-Buddha kingdom, including Islam in Indonesia and Islamic kingdoms. Colonial historiography is the history of the colonial era. Modern historiography according to Sartono Kartodirjo is a history writer who places the Indonesian people as historical actors from their own history by applying critical studies.

Next, we discuss avoiding historical bias. Based on the 2017 Kamarga, historical bias is the tendency of subjectivity elements, both from individuals and groups, and the elements of separateness in historical historiography. Well, to avoid historical bias, what you have to do is not use a single source in reading or learning a historiography, but you have to use various sources.

The last one is history and social theory. Kunto Wijoyo in 2018 explained that the use of social theory in history research was exposed by historian Kartono Kartodirjo. You can find this when reading his work entitled "The Farmers' Revolution in Banten in 1888".

The use of social theory such as bureaucracy, social class, and social change can be found in its writing. If you read the current history of the present, for example about the history of a city, some historians will use the theory of modernity, social structure, and economic structure to explain the meaning of social in historical studies.

Well, maybe that's enough, thank you for watching the video of the learner until it's finished. Hopefully it's useful for all of us, don't forget to like, comment, and subscribe.