BIOLOGI SMA Kelas 10 - Virus | GIA Academy

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Since the COVID-19 pandemic, the virus may not be something foreign to us. Its existence can make us feel some of the following symptoms: high body temperature, cold body, or cough and pain in the respiratory tract. Well, what do we have to do to avoid the disease caused by the virus? Hmm, to answer that, let's follow this video first.

So in this video we will learn about viruses Keep watching the video Although we often hear the word virus and see the image in various social media infographics Maybe we are still curious about what are the characteristics of viruses?

Unlike other living beings, viruses have a life and death characteristics. It means, the virus is said to be a living being because it can multiply by replicating in its body and has a nucleic acid in the form of DNA or RNA. The virus is said to be a dead thing because the virus can be crystallized and has an acellular nature or does not have cytoplasm, nucleus, and organelle cell.

Well, friends, as we know, viruses have very small body sizes so they can't be seen by our eyes. You can see the following image to see the comparison of the size of cells to organisms like humans. From the picture, we can see the diameter of the virus is around 20 nanometers.

up to 400 nanometers. Therefore, the virus can only be seen with electron microscopes. Wow, that's a long way to compare the size of a virus to humans.

Next we will see the body parts of the virus The virus consists of various forms, but in general we can see the structure of the virus body in bacteriophage and influenza virus In bacteriophage, the body's collection elements consist of capsid, nucleic acid, neck,

tail cell, tail muscle, base plate, and pincer. While the influenza virus has the following parts: membrane protein, pincer protein, amplop protein, nucleocapsid protein, and nucleic acid.

So the body structure of viruses in general consists of: a polyhedral head or polyhedral that contains nucleic acid, a neck as a link between the head and tail, and a tail to attach itself and infect cells that are attacked by viruses.

because of the large number of viruses can be classified into several types first based on the content of its nucleic acid from ribovirus namely the nucleic acid virus is RNA for example the corona virus causes covid-19 orthomyxovirus causes influenza picornovirus causes polio TMV causes

yellow on the leaves of the palm tree and deoxyribovirus namely the nucleic acid virus is DNA such as bacteriophage, bacteria, herpesvirus, herpes cause papovavirus cause kutil

Next, the basic form of the virus can be grouped into four types, namely: Polyhedral, shaped like a space that is limited by 20 triangles on the same side with a multiple rotation source, the example of the virus is adenovirus

Helical, shaped like a helix, looks like a long bar, its nucleocapsid is not rigid, and has one rotation source, for example in Tobacco Mosaic Virus. The form of Spherical or Amplop, like in the influenza virus, and the form of Complex, for example in Bacteriophage.

The next virus group is based on the cells in which it is placed. Viruses that attack humans, such as hepatitis virus, attack animals, such as paramyxovirus, attack plants such as TMV, and viruses that attack bacteria, namely bacteriophage. Now you can differentiate the types of viruses, right?

Do you know how the process of developing a virus? Virus develops by replicating Before experiencing replication, the virus must be in the body of the host to multiply

The process of replication of viruses can be observed clearly in bacteria phag which attacks bacteria Escherichia coli Replication of viruses can occur through two mechanisms namely daurlitic and lysogenic In daurlitic, the virus will destroy the hospice cell or the genome and form a new virus particle Meanwhile in the lysogenic daur, the virus does not destroy the genome The genome only contains prophag

can split and not die, and new virus particles are not formed. The steps that occur in the diuretic are: First, adsorption, i.e. the adhesion of the virus tail to the cell wall of the bacteria. Second, penetration, including nucleic acid virus to the cell of bacteria through the tip of the virus tail.

Third, Ecliphase, the virus takes over the metabolic composition of bacterial cells. Next, the formation of new virus body parts. Next, the formation, the formation of bacteriophage virus is complete. And finally, lysis, that is the breakage of bacterial cells that produce new viruses.

Then the stages that occur in the lysogenic tube are: 1. adsorption, the virus tail is attached to the wall of the bacterial cell 2. penetration, the nucleic acid enters the bacterial cell through the end of the virus tail 3. combination, the nucleic acid of the virus is combined with the nucleic acid of the bacteria to form a profile

the process when the bacteria split, then the profile is split so that it produces bacteria that contain the profile and finally, synthesis, namely the nucleic acid of the virus separates itself from the nucleic acid of the bacteria, then the nucleic acid of the virus will form new virus particles, adhesions, and lysis.

Well, friends, it turns out that not all viruses harm our bodies but some viruses can be useful for human life. The beneficial viruses are: Interferon to prevent replication of viruses in the hospice cells, Provac to change the phenotype of bacteria so that it is useful in the field of medicine, Vaccine to stimulate antibodies to recognize viruses, and Peta-chromosome to recognize bacteria that cause diseases.

While the viruses that cause harm, including Reistungrobasiliform or RTBV, attacks rice plants through the middle of the stomach, Tobacco Mosaic Virus , causes yellow spots on the leaves of the leaves, Paramyxovirus, attacks the gums, Coxsatchie virus, attacks the nails and mouth of animals.

rhabdovirus causes rabies in dogs, dogs and humans, orthomyxovirus attacks the human respiratory tract, varicella zoster causes water poisoning, and human immunodeficiency causes AIDS.

After learning everything about viruses and their role, we can prevent them by vaccinating, applying a healthy lifestyle, and not making contact with people or animals infected with viruses. So far, you can understand it, right? For you to understand more, let's finish the following example.

first question given several virus properties we are asked to determine the nature of the virus as a dead object we know that the virus as a dead object has the following properties can be crystallized and does not have cytoplasm, cell core and organelle cell while the virus is said to be a living being because it can reproduce by replicating in the body of its genome and has a nucleic acid in the form of DNA or

RNA so the nature of viruses as dead objects is shown by numbers 1 and 2 the answer is A question 2 there is a picture of a bacteriophage virus we are asked to determine the body of the virus that functions to control replication activity to answer it we need to know the parts that are shown by the number on the question along with its function

1. Showing capsid that gives shape to the virus 2. Is a nucleic acid to control the activity of virus replication 3. Is the neck as a connection between the head and tail 4. Tail hair

as penetration to insert genetic material into bacterial or stem cells and number 5, the base membrane that helps the virus to attach to stem cells and also as a central nervous system so the body of the virus that functions to control replication activity is nucleic acid shown by number 2, the answer is B

The next question, given the image of the virus life cycle, we are asked to determine the stage of the combination of the genetic material of the virus with the genetic material of the cell. The image of the virus life cycle in the question is a lysogenic cycle, which consists of: First, the provirus induction becomes a vegetative virus.

Second, the combination of DNA virus with DNA of the immune cell or bacteria. Third, the formation of the profile of the combination of DNA virus and DNA of the bacterial cell. Next, the profile of the protein is divided. And finally, the result of the separation of nucleic acid virus. So, the stage of the combination is shown by the second number. The answer is B.

The next question, there are types of viruses based on their basic form, we are asked to determine an example of the virus that is meant. Previously, we have discussed based on the basic form of the virus in groups of four types, namely polyhedra, for example, adenovirus, helical, for example, TMV, spherical, such as influenza virus, and complex in bacteriophage.

So, the statement on the question that the helix-shaped virus resembles a long rod, its nucleocapsid is not rigid, and has one source of rotation is a helical type, which is an example of TMV. The correct answer is C.

Last question, given some diseases caused by viruses, we are asked to determine the disease that attacks the plant. To answer it, we analyze one by one the viruses and diseases mentioned in the question. First, varicella zoster is a virus that causes water leakage in humans. Second,

Citrus vein phloem degeneration, a disease that causes brown yellow spots on leaves and oranges. Third, foot and mouth disease, a disease caused by a virus by damaging the cell lines in the mouth and the rumenansia. Tobacco mosaic virus, a virus that causes yellow spots on the leaves of the tembakau. And tunggro, a disease that causes stiffness in plants.

so the virus and disease that attacks plants are shown by numbers 2, 4 and 5 the answer is B okay friends in this video we have learned everything about viruses starting from the characteristics of viruses as a dead object and also as living beings the process of replication of viruses in two ways namely daurlitic and lysogenic

And the role of viruses in our lives can be beneficial, especially in the world of medicine and can be harmful if it attacks our body cells And we can of course prevent the attack of viruses by applying a healthy lifestyle Hopefully it can be understood and applied That's our discussion about viruses Don't forget to watch the latest videos on our channel See you in the next video