WAJIB KAMU TONTON! VIDIO PERANG DUNIA 1 INI !!

Long before the outbreak of World War I, Europe was already a continent full of conflict. Various tensions between major countries have been ongoing for a long time. However, over the years of ongoing war, no party has really won or experienced absolute defeat. Until finally, several major countries were formed that were on the opposite side, namely England, France, Italy, the German Empire,

the Austrian-Hungarian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and the Russian Empire. Most of these countries have contradictions or conflicts, both due to limited borders, the ambition of regional expansion, and economic competition.

Among these countries, there are three countries with the largest contradiction, namely England, France, and Germany. The three have relatively strong and aggressive naval forces in expanding abroad to occupy colonies. This often triggers a conflict of interest, especially in the fight for rich resources. One of the areas that became their center of competition was Africa.

In the process of dividing the region, the British wanted to divide Africa vertically, France horizontally, while Germany chose to divide it diagonally. But in the end, when the division was met in Africa, physical conflicts occurred.

The physical collapse caused the relationship between Germany and France to worsen and Germany was worried that France would attack it. In addition to the presence of the Russian Empire in the east which also had expansionist ambitions. That made Germany start to fear

that Russia and France would join forces and attack them together. Therefore, Germany took the initiative to tell Russia that they were not intending to war. In this way, Germany could control France more calmly. Or in other words, Germany could overcome it itself if France was looking for trouble.

Not only with the Russian Empire, Germany also established an alliance with the Austrian-Hungarian Empire. Then the alliance of the three powers of Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Russian Empire was formed. After the three countries formed an alliance, Germany began to develop its industry calmly. Then the second industrial revolution took place.

Because there was no conflict, Germany developed rapidly and became a strong country. In fact, the first car appeared in Germany in the late 19th century. And this marks the beginning of a new era in transportation and technology. Then what was done to the Russian Empire when Germany developed?

Under German, there is the Hungarian Empire and under the Hungarian Empire there is the Ottoman Empire or the Ottoman Sultanate At that time, the Ottoman Empire was in internal chaos because of many ethnic groups or ethnic groups that demanded its own government so there were many internal conflicts Then the Russian Empire took advantage of the internal conflict

to seize the territory, from there the northern part of the Ottoman Empire was divided into several small countries such as Serbia, Romania, and Bulgaria, which was financed by the Russian Empire.

Russia's steps to support and break apart other countries made Germany feel tense. Germany realized that the Russian Empire apparently had ambitions to expand in the region. This tension was not only felt by Germany but also by the countries around it.

Seeing the expansion of the Russian Empire, other countries were worried that Russia would continue to expand its territory to their region. Therefore, in 1878 they held a meeting in Berlin with the aim of limiting the Russian expansion that continued

to the west and this made the Russian Empire very angry, especially against Germany. Then Russia said to Germany, "We are allies, I will not attack you and I will let you grow calmly. Then what is your relationship with you when I spread my wings to other areas? Why are you limiting my expansion? I only expand the area to other areas and do not expand to your land.

Then what are you worried about? Seeing the Russian Empire angry, Germany immediately invited the Austrian-Hungarian Empire to form a military alliance. With this new alliance, what is the impression of the previous alliance?

The Allianz again only ensures that if France attacks Germany, the Hungarian Empire will not help France and will remain neutral. However, with this new alliance, if other countries attack Germany, especially in the face of the threat from the Russian Empire, which means if the Russian Empire attacks Germany, Germany and the Hungarian-Austrian Empire will unite to fight it.

However, Germany and the Hungarian Empire were worried because of the vast Russian territory. Therefore, they invited Italy to form an alliance of three countries, namely Germany, the Hungarian Empire, and Italy.

Italy was willing to join the German alliance because the relationship between Italy and France was not good. With this alliance, Italy felt that it would get help if France attacked it. Then in the 1880s, there were three strongest industrial countries in Europe, namely Britain, France, and Germany. These three countries sold their factory industry to other countries. Therefore, those countries

continue to expand their territory to the outside world because their factories needed raw materials from their territories. The British colonies at that time occupied India, Australia, and South Africa, while France occupied several areas of land in Africa and Vietnam, while Germany occupied several areas of land in Africa and then also occupied New Guinea. These are all their colonies. In this process of expansion to the outside world,

France saw Germany grow faster and plundered other countries, both from the industrial side and other aspects. Then France felt the German threat was getting bigger, especially since France and Germany had been together since the beginning. So France quietly joined the Russian Empire and Germany would be attacked if it continued to expand aggressively.

So from there, France quietly formed an alliance with Italy. France said, if Germany attacks France, Italy does not need to join. Here Italy agreed to an alliance from France.

At this point, we may wonder about Italy, which has formed an alliance with Germany and France. Then why Italy is still secretly forming an alliance with France? That is because of the Italian border with the Austrian-Hungarian Empire at the end of the border.

Italy also had territorial conflicts with the Hungarian Empire. So now, the conflict with France is relatively small and the conflict with the Hungarian Empire is relatively large. Italy formed an alliance with France. Likewise, on the contrary, when the problem with the Hungarian Empire is relatively small and the problem with France is relatively large.

Italy formed an alliance with the Hungarian Empire or in other words Italy only saw the development of the situation, meaning there was no eternal friend or enemy, there was only eternal interest

In addition, the rapid development of Germany also made another country feel very uncomfortable, namely England. Why didn't England like Germany? Because Germany used the Austrian-Hungarian Empire and the Ottoman Empire to build a train track in the Middle East.

At the southern end, the Ottoman Empire is an Arab region which is an oil source. So Germany built a train through all its allies and produced oil there, then continued to send it to Germany. The British were also tempted by this oil.

If the British want to get oil, then the conflict with Germany cannot be avoided. Therefore, their interference is caused by territorial and various power struggles. Here we realize that justice never exists if it is about the interests of all for the development of each country.

So at that time other countries thought that the more oil resources they had, the faster they would grow. That would obviously make other countries worried. It means that if Germany grows rapidly, other countries will bow to Germany.

Seeing the rapid development process of the German state, the three major countries around it apparently did not like Germany, so two major powers were formed in Europe, namely the alliance formed by the British, French and the Russian Empire.

while the other forces are the alliances formed by Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy. Another one that is not mentioned is the Ottoman Empire. It is not mentioned because the Ottoman Empire is always in internal chaos. In this internal conflict, the Austrian-Hungarian Empire took advantage of the chaos by occupying a part of the land in the Ottoman Empire, namely the land next to Serbia in the northernmost part.

By occupying this region caused the first world war Why is this land so important? Because this land is owned by Serbian people Serbia, which is a free country, has occupied a part of the land and wants to occupy it

but it is not expected to have been occupied by the Austro-Hungarian Empire in the north Serbia was very unhappy because this land was originally the land of Serbian people when the Ottoman Empire was in chaos Serbia planned to occupy it but a strong army came to occupy it this area of ​​population is Bosnia and in this Bosnian area also caused the first world war

In 1914, the world was at peace behind the scenes of power, and people at that time felt calm and so proud, but their steps were never far from war.

Most of the people at that time were farmers who were closely tied to their land, tradition, and religion. In the hot season of 1914, in France, many people from the upper class enjoyed the bright and cheerful atmosphere of the hot season. One of them was Ryan Ferrari, a 34-year-old Russian man who was one of the successful Italian immigrant descendants

Ren Ferrari was one of the characters that stood out at the time. He was known as one of the big shots in the home film world that began to develop in the early 20th century. Ren married Jacqueline, a woman known for her beauty. They have three children and one of their trusted helpers, Alphonse.

The family Ren's house is not far from the train rail, which at that time train train became one of the most modern transportation modes in France Train trains make it very easy for people to make long distance trips including heading to the more remote mountainous areas One of the favorite destinations for the upper class like the Ren family is the Alpine of France which is known for its natural beauty and as a perfect place to spend the summer

In this hot season, the Rennes family made a trip to the French Alps to climb the mountain. But in a very different way from the usual mountain climbing, they only brought a stick as a tool and put on neat jazz sets. And their appearance shows their pride. But not everyone can enjoy this hot season.

The farmers must work hard in the mining and factory. They must face the working conditions that are heavy and low-payment. For them, the hot season is not the time to relax, but a struggle to survive in the midst of a real social crisis.

Then we went to the city of Vienna, which at that time was the capital of the Hungarian Empire. A great writer, Stefan Zweig, at that time called the capital of the Hungarian Empire, Vienna, as a center of intense cultural advancement with a dioskop, a library and a museum that appeared everywhere, as well as the ongoing development.

Stefan described Vienna as a city full of intellectual spirit, where the souls of curiosity and curiosity developed, creating a Europe that at that time felt very strong, rich and confident in the bright future.

Meanwhile in France, Jeanne Jauret, a French socialist leader who was known for her struggle for the rights of the farmers and international peace. At that time, she was worried about Europe because among the European elites, many of the industrial entrepreneurs were talking openly about the war to end the delivery of labor.

Jaures writes, "Civilization that we consider advanced and wants peace often hides bitter truths. Although there is a claim to create peace, the truth is that this peace often triggers wars, like a rain cloud that carries a storm."

From here we know that although Europe looks peaceful on the surface, but behind the scenes Europe is on fire. The tension between countries, the ambition of power and the competition of the industry are increasingly rising, creating a situation full of potential conflict.

Over the centuries, kingdoms have competed to divide the world with their swords. The British conquest reached Austria and Canada, France from Indochina to Africa, while Germany had a territory of slavery, but only as big as a piece.

Before 1871, Prussia was a separate country. By defeating France, he then split the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine into parts of the German Empire. The German Empire was led by Emperor Wilhelm II. At that time, he was 55 years old. He was surrounded by high-ranking military. He ordered to build a navy to surpass the British. He wanted to make Germany the strongest country.

both in the sea, air, and land. On June 15, 1914, Wilhelm II celebrated his 25th anniversary. He liked to ride a horse, but could only ride a horse with a chair because of the birth defect that made his left hand stiff, so he had to use his sword as his handguard.

Wilhelm married his cousin, Augusta Victoria. They have the same grandmother, Queen Victoria, the British ruler. According to Queen Victoria, Wilhelm has a tough character and is still too sluggish, so Wilhelm always fights with the British royal family, which in his opinion the British kingdom is too powerful and dominated.

For Wilhelm, England has become a threat since they formed an alliance with France and Russia and as a result, Germany was besieged and it was very dangerous for Germany.

One day, while Wilhelm was hunting in the middle of the forest, he was hurt and the incident made him very angry and frustrated, especially with his physical condition which was damaged due to the injury on his stiff left hand. In his anger, he swore to the British kingdom, especially the British blood.

As we have discussed before, the true ally of the German Empire is the Hungarian Empire, which consists of several small countries that were ruled for 60 years by Franz Joseph I, who is now 84 years old. His long life was filled with many tragedies such as the murder of his son and his wife's murder, namely Queen Elizabeth, or better known at that time as Sisi, the sweet when she was young.

Franz Joseph was the eldest king at that time. He ruled his country softly, but his gentleness made many regions under his rule want to be independent. Despite this, Franz Joseph, together with the emperors and his politicians, opposed all forms of change, especially the demand for independence from the regions in the Hungarian Empire.

One day, in the wedding of Princess Zeta with Charles, the heir to the throne of Emperor Franz Joseph, the event also attended by the heir to the throne of Emperor Franz Joseph, namely Franz Ferdinand, who was the heir to the throne of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire. Franz Ferdinand married Sophia Castej, a nationalist, but not part of the royal family or high aristocracy, so from that, Emperor Franz Joseph did not like them.

Likewise, his disagreement with the reformation strategy proposed by Franz Ferdinand, including the effort to give more autonomy to various ethnic groups within the empire.

Then we went to Bosnia, precisely in Sarajevo. At that time, Bosnia was successfully occupied by Hungary, but Serbia opposed this position because Serbia was very ambitious to unite the Slavic nation in the Balkans. On June 28, 1914, when Franz Josef was hunting in the forest,

A tragedy almost struck Franz Ferdinand and his wife at Sarajevo. They had just escaped from the murder attempt by an unknown person. They stopped in the city's suburbs to report the incident. And after leaving the building, a few moments later they were suddenly shot.

The attack was carried out by Gavrilo Princip, who was 19 years old. He was a Bosnian nationalist who was part of the Bosnian youth group. After further investigation, it turned out that the pistol used by Princip to kill the heir to the Austrian-Hungarian throne, Franz Ferdinand and his wife, Sofie Di Sarajevo, was provided by a group that had relations with the Serbian side.

on this murder made Europe in a hurry and became the main topic in all newspapers even a famous novelist in England Agatha Christie who was then 24 years old considered the murder as a festival that would change the history of the world for Christie the murder of a

Austria-Hungary, Franz Ferdinand and his wife is the beginning of a series of tragic events that brought the world into a major conflict.

At that time, England was led by King George V, a 49-year-old Russian king who also held the title of King of Ireland and India. His reign was widespread, occupying most of the world, but the control over his great kingdom was often limited by political and geographical reality. And George V's main focus was to deal with the riots in Ireland, which were being fought for independence.

on June 28, 1914 King George V noted in his personal journal about a tragedy that shook Europe he wrote about the murder of Franz Ferdinand and his wife in Sarajevo is a event that sparked the foundation of the old Austrian-Hungarian kingdom George V realized that this murder was more than just a tragic incident behind the event he saw a shadow of

The war began to engulf the island with tension that continued to increase between the major empires King George V felt anxious realizing that the peaceful peace might be destroyed immediately Meanwhile French leader Raymond Poincaré who was 54 years old at the time was visiting London for an official visit In this visit to strengthen the previous alliance between the British and French

Now the Austrian-Hungarian emperors have tolerated Serbia too far. They have no evidence that this country is involved in the murder of Sarajevo. But they tried to convince the emperor that the murder was planned by Serbia. The head of the highest staff of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire stated that they had to clean Serbia.

because they always bite the kingdom like snakes but that without considering the Russian Empire that protects Slavs or Slavians

At that time, the Russian Empire was led by Tsar Nicholas II, an absolute king who lived for 47 years, who was the last ruler of the Romanov dynasty. His residence was in the capital of the Russian Empire, Saint Petersburg, a great city that became the center of power, culture, and state politics. Nicholas II ruled 170 million inhabitants for 30 years.

As soon as we go back one year before, one year before, Tsar Nicholas II celebrated the 300th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty, a great celebration that was celebrated by the full support of the Russian Orthodox Church. This celebration not only marked the three centuries of the Romanov dynasty,

but also emphasized the close relationship between the monarchy and the Orthodox Church which is considered the main pillar of the Empire. At the celebration, Tsar Nicholas II walked with his wife, Tsarina Alexandra, and was accompanied by their fifth child, namely Tsarevich Alexei, Olga, Tatiana, Maria, and Anastasia.

But their dynasty's journey was not smooth. Previously, in 1905, Russia suffered losses in the war against Japan and felt the first impact of the revolution, which marked the beginning of social and political tension that was increasing in its kingdom. Despite this, the country's economy still showed growth, despite many exports in the military.

In early July 1914, in the midst of a tragic event that hit Europe, Nicholas II sailed to the Baltic Sea with his sailing ship. Above the ship, it was seen that the Russians were enjoying this sailing, but Nicholas II felt anxious and uneasy about the peace that was being threatened, as well as his wife and children.

Nicholas II's heir is the only male child, Tisarevic Alexei, who was 10 years old at the time. However, Tisarevic Alexei suffered hemophilia, his blood could not be filled. If Tisarevic Alexei is infected with a rash, it can be fatal. His child who suffered hemophilia made Nicholas's family depressed, especially his mother, Tisarina.

In an effort to take care of his son, Tsarina asked for help from Rasputin, a doctor and Russian doctor who proclaimed himself a saint. But at that time, Rasputin's relationship with Tsar Nicholas was not good. Tsarevich Alexei's disease came from the descendants of the British grandmother, Queen Victoria.

After the death of Queen Victoria in 1901, the Queen Victoria's descendants conquered many settlements in Europe. And here we know that the great European leaders apparently had a close blood relationship.

Tsar Nicholas II led the Russian Empire King George V led the British while Emperor William II led the German Empire They are all descendants of Queen Victoria

Although they have a strong family bond, their relationship has never been fully harmonious, especially because each of them leads the country with different interests. The murder of Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the Austrian-Hungarian throne, was considered by Emperor Wilhelm II as a serious threat and a direct attack on

the highest right of a king. Emperor Wilhelm II had a very close relationship with Franz Ferdinand. The two often hunted together in the forest, enjoying a deep friendship outside of political affairs. For Emperor Wilhelm, Franz Ferdinand's death was not just a personal tragedy,

but also a violation of something he considered to be a respect for the monarchy and the throne of the kingdom itself. At that time, Emperor Wilhelm, together with his generals and ambassadors, the Batman Hallweg, agreed that Germany should not let go of its hands in the face of the murder in Sarajevo. On this occasion, the German Empire

will show its strength in Europe. Therefore, the German Empire fully supported the Austrian-Hungarian Empire to invade Serbia and also as a step to strengthen their position in the Balkan region and revenge for the murder of Franz Ferdinand.

In the imminent threat of war, Emperor Wilhelm II canceled his plans to enjoy a vacation in the hot season on July 6, 1914 with his ship, a ship weighing 1,800 tons and 120 meters long.

At that time, Emperor Wilhelm was very confident that this tension would not spread. He even assumed that the war that would happen would be over in a week. That's because the Emperor Wilhelm assumed that his uncle, Emperor Nicholas, would not join the war because the Russian Empire had no preparations and his army, France, did not have heavy weapons.

Then we enter July 20, 1914, the French President of the Republic, Raymond Poincar, arrived in Russia. Raymond, a secular Republican, had no problem supporting the monarchy and supporting religious men like Emperor Nicholas II. This visit had been planned for a long time, but with this tension, then the time was right. Raymond wanted to make sure of the peace.

an alliance and assistance to prepare the Russian military at that time Raymond issued a statement that the tension that occurred had to be limited to remain in Serbia which means the war or escalation that will happen does not expand to other countries or other areas in Europe in other words there is an effort to maintain so that the conflict remains limited to the Serbian region and does not develop into a war

a broader war involving many countries

After discussing the alliance and the conflict that would happen, Raymond returned to Paris and the government began to cancel all military holidays and called all the generals back from their vacation. In this hot season, many rich people enjoy vacation on the beach as if they were ignoring the tragedy that happened in Sarajevo. But when they were happy, they did not realize that Europe was moving towards

towards a great war that cannot be avoided

On July 23, 1914, the government in Vienna sent an ultimatum to the capital of Serbia, namely the city of Belgrade, which was in charge of allowing the government police to conduct investigations in the Serbian region. However, Serbia firmly stated that Serbia was not a province of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. This response made the Austro-Hungarian Empire angry.

From there, the Hungarian Empire sent an ultimatum to Serbia, which meant war not only between two countries, but also involved the whole world. Watching the ultimatum made US President Woodrow Wilson, a Democrat who was 48 years old at the time, a peaceful citizen.

and seeing the tension in Europe, he still wanted America to be neutral. He said that Woodrow Wilson wanted to keep making the United States away from the war in Europe.

Meanwhile in Canada, the threat of war became a major topic in almost all media and the Prime Minister of England, Herbert Ashcraft, was also very worried about the possibility of expanding the conflict, which was difficult to predict. He even expressed his concern by saying that Europe was heading for the end.

after the ultimatum was rejected, the Hungarian Empire began to declare war on Serbia, so on July 28, 1914, the Hungarian Empire's artillery, namely the 1911 model 305 mm Skoda, began to crush the ruins of the city of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia.

Knowing the attack of the Hungarian Empire, made the Russian Empire as a Serbian ally, unable to remain silent. Therefore, the Russian Empire sent its troops to the Hungarian-Austrian border.

Knowing the movement of the Russian Empire's troops to the border of Austria-Hungary, made Emperor Wilhelm II in Germany feel anger towards this step by Russia. From then on, on July 30, 1914, Emperor Wilhelm issued an ultimatum to his uncle, Emperor Nicholas II, to withdraw his troops from the border of Austria-Hungary.

After receiving the ultimatum from Emperor William II, Emperor Nicholas II chose to respond with diplomatic maneuvers. He sent a message, not as an ultimatum, to his uncle as well as his ally, King George V of England.

In the message, Nicholas stated that the step of the Hungarian Empire was a bold and dangerous move that had potential to quickly develop into a major war throughout Europe. Emperor Wilhelm II, who did not accept the revenge for his ultimatum,

to Tsar Nicholas II, he became more and more determined to take action. He talked about maintaining peace, but around him, military and industrial leaders pressed to declare war, at the same time blaming Russia for its involvement, which was considered a mix in this conflict, so it caused tension in Europe. And on August 1, 1914, Germany began to declare war on Russia.

Now, the German young soldiers began to receive their equipment. From this footage, it can be seen that they were given small bayonets, a bayonet helmet, and a symbol of the pride of the German army. With the equipment, their spirits look high.

full of pride as part of the imperial army. But behind that happiness, they did not realize the bitter reality that awaited the battlefield was not a place of glory at all, but a brutal arena full of unimaginable horror and suffering.

Meanwhile, in Russia, before a major attack, their troops began to sing the songs of the kingdom. The song was a form of respect for Nicholas II and also a symbol of national spirit that pierced the souls of the judges. "The people of the world are not afraid of the enemy, they are proud of their victory."

In the midst of the tension that engulfed Europe, the citizens of Paris continued to live their days in peace. Many of them were waiting for the arrival of the Tour de France or the cyclist players in the Venice line. This competition began on the same day as the murder of Franz Ferdinand.

A month earlier, the drivers crossed a distance of 3,400 miles and finally they began to approach the finish line and the winner was a Belgian, Philippe Ties from the Peugeot team. A moment later, a few days earlier, on July 31, 1914, French citizens, especially in a market called Lieles, were surprised by the murder of Jean Jaures.

The murder was carried out by a group of war supporters. As we discussed at the beginning, that Jean Jaures played an important role in the effort to prevent war. He is a socialist and French political leader. Jaures is known for his struggle for peace and anti-war.

Before this murder, he tried hard to avoid the outbreak of a major war, especially by advocating international solidarity among workers and fighting the imperialist war. Which means, Jian Jauras tried to prevent a major war by inviting workers around the world to unite and fight a war that only benefits the rulers.

On August 2, 1914, the order for mass mobilization was announced and displayed throughout all French leaders. Clovis Maurice, a PhD student at the time, described the situation in his country that changed drastically. Many French people who are enjoying the holiday of the hot season began to ask questions about the meaning of the mass mobilization and their concerns began to arise and were accompanied by questions.

France would really be involved in the great war that was raging in Europe. But on August 3, 1914, the French people's concerns became clearer. The French people began to understand that Germany would immediately declare war on France. That is because France is an ally of the Russian Empire.

On the same day, the Jianjaures Cemetery began to be built, as well as all the graves of hope for peace. And now, workers in France, Germany, and Russia are beginning to be used as a military to defend their own waters. President Raymond Poincare officially united the entire nation through the concept of the Secret Union. This is an initiative to create national unity by side with political differences.

social and religious to face external threats, namely the First World War. Then France relied on the strength of its colonies to strengthen its troops, namely the troops of Al-Jazair and Dakar, which consisted of the land and members of foreign legions. They set off to France.

In the countryside on the side of Paris, we return to the family of Ren Ferrari, who was initially full of happiness. Now they have to face the reality of war. The atmosphere that was previously filled with laughter and peace has now turned into tension and anxiety. Moreover, Ren was forced to become a French major.

because for the French at that time, men aged 20 to 48 were required to join the army in war to defend the land with a heavy heart he had to say goodbye to his beloved family leaving a house that was once full of happiness and entering a battlefield full of uncertainty. Jack Wellen's wife believed that her husband would

back before the crop he planted was filled with seed. Likewise, the troops from this peasant group, very hoping they can defend their country before the harvest season ends.

Meanwhile, on the same day, the German Empire's troops were ready to attack with the name of the Sliven strategy, according to the name of the German general, Alfred von Sliven. As part of this strategy, the German Empire's troops would enter Luxembourg and conquer Belgium. And after waiting for the order of attack, the attack finally started.

In a fast and intense attack, the German troops managed to win several victories in a short time. The Wiffen strategy proved to be very effective, allowing Germany to pass the Luxembourg and be ready to take Belgium before the Russian Empire attacks Germany from the eastern front, which will force Germany to fight on both fronts.

At that time, Belgium was a neutral country after the defeat of Napoleon. But at this time, the German Empire would launch an attack on Belgium. Knowing the move of the German Empire to attack Belgium, made the French-English began to be anxious. Because Belgium was the protector between the French-English and the Germans. So from that, the plan of the German Empire, which wanted to invade Belgium, made the British angry.

and finally the British declared war on the German Empire on August 4, 1914 at the balcony of Buckingham Palace King George V expressed with full emotion he said that this was a heavy test a darkness that enveloped the world but this was not the fault of the British the British would stand firm and this darkness

will end soon. Meanwhile in Germany, after Britain declared war on the German Empire, the German Supreme Commander began to consider the movement of Britain. He calculated that Britain would not have time to reach the island. They will take Belgium before the British troops reach this island.

Meanwhile on the other side in Belgium the troops began to prepare to face the attack on the closer German Empire King Albert I of Belgium firmly stated that a self-defending country would not be silent Belgium has a strong fleet and defense system to protect its cities so from that when the German troops launched an attack they were challenged by the Belgian anti-sandwich

strong defense sticks made Germany difficult to cross the line of defense but in the end the German Empire unleashed one of the most deadly weapons, namely the Mriam Krupp Raksasa, which was able to shoot a 1-ton projectile that destroyed the sticks that had been protecting Belgium for a long time.

After a smooth attack with Meriam Krupp, the Belgian defense bandages have now been torn apart. Seeing Belgium in a state of defeat, Belgium immediately took an action that made Germany shocked again, where the remaining Belgian troops quickly destroyed the train railway line by hitting their locomotives one after another so that the German Empire had difficulty obtaining additional troops.

Seeing the train rails that had been destroyed, the German Empire had to repair the rails, even though they had to lose a lot of time to pick up all the land and land.

While Germany was still in Belgium, on the other hand, it turned out that the Russian Empire was ready to attack the German Empire in the east. This Russian move made the Austrian-Hungarian Empire, which should have defeated Serbia in a week, become resistant.

but before Russia reached the border of the Hungarian Austrian Empire to attack the Hungarian Austrian Empire had launched a fierce attack on Serbia since July 28, 1914 although the Hungarian Austrian army attacked fiercely Serbia proved to be a tough fighter Serbian troops fought fiercely and managed to withstand most of the attack in the

During the battle, it is estimated that the Hungarian Empire lost about 25,000 soldiers. Meanwhile, Serbia also suffered great losses, although they were still able to defend some of their territory. And now Serbia celebrates a temporary victory.

Meanwhile, the largest navy in the world was ready to act and the British troops began to move forward. And in London, as a young minister, Winston Churchill stood in front of his people and stated that the British people did not have a military reserve. Therefore, the British people needed war volunteers to fill the defense line.

As a concrete step, the iconic poster that depicts the soldiers of the Kichinger field with the writing "Your country needs you" This poster is used by military officers to recruit soldiers with words that immediately touched the heart And also this poster motivates many young English men to join the army and fight the German threat in this world war

Due to the excitement of effective recruitment, added with a high spirit of nationalism, the number of British troops increased rapidly. Initially, the British troops were 100,000 people, now the army has grown to 1 million people.

Before heading to the battlefield, these warriors gathered to pray together. They prayed for safety and to maintain strength, because not only the battlefield that awaited them, but also the vast sea that they had to cross.

full of threats. They realized that in front of them was a dangerous waterfront with a rolling wave and enemy ships ready to attack. Then the sailors and several horses began to be dispatched

and at this moment a famous novelist Mikhail Morpurgo got inspiration when seeing hundreds of thousands of volunteers moving forward this picture is about the bravery and sacrifice of those who are not afraid of fighting and this raises Mikhail Morpurgo's imagination in his mind he imagined the epic story of the war as in Odyssey with Joy a war horse

which became a symbol of strength and loyalty amid the horror of war. This is the story of the bond between humans and horses that was then immortalized in the novel, which is now the work of Michael Morpurgo, became legendary. In fact, the novel has become a top film at that time with the title of "War Horse".

With incomplete data estimated 130,000 to 150,000 horses from Australia and New Zealand joined the British troops to suffer and die like a warrior. Most of these horses are not used to using a plow so this army is difficult to control these horses.

Meanwhile, France, which saw the advancement of the German Empire in Belgium, made France take action. Therefore, France arranged an attack plan, where they have arranged a strategy called the "Strategy 17". This strategy will take the Alzheimer and Lorenz region and then move to Berlin. But their first target is Milhous in Alsace.

In short, on August 7, 1914, France managed to take the Milhius and France made a victory parade. However, this victory quickly entered the news that showed school students carrying traditional Azaz flowers and clothes.

At that time, French infantry troops consisted of large battalions, like Napoleon's era, with a variety that did not fit for the modern war, with red pants that stuck and also without helmets. Not only that, these troops were also wrapped in thick wool, which made most of the troops torn by the heat of August.

added to those who have to carry a heavy bag and a famous label bag with a weight of 5 kg the label is like the German and English Leavel Mauser who have a shooting power that is not yet known this gun can be fired repeatedly with a distance of 1200 feet or more or less 400 meters so that it makes it a sadistic ancient weapon with an additional bayonet for close range but this ancient tactic

continued at the academy and paid with hundreds of thousands of human lives three days after this recording was made, the French troops were hit back by milhius due to the attack of the German troops in the fight, the German machine gun was also fired at the local people who were accused of fighting against the Kaiser's officers

A harsh act like this was also implemented by the Germans in Belgium, strengthening their brutal reputation in the area where they were located. At that time, Germany was also afraid of the existence of local snipers, which further worsened the relationship between the German troops and the Belgian population. This made the level of trust of the German Empire troops towards local residents rise and fall, and anyone who is suspected of being a local sniper will be executed dead in place.

After conquering the region of Belgium, German imperial troops began to use their free time to party Alcohol is an important part of their entertainment and the drunk atmosphere often leads to brutal actions, one of which is

and that makes the local population have to try to escape to a safe place Meanwhile, reports of brutal actions of German army including murderers and other crimes spread widely Belgium, France and England accused German army that they called with the word "Hund"

committing terrible crimes and that made their image worse in the eyes of the world. Then we enter August 20, 1914, General von Mollsky occupied Brussels. At that time, General von Mollsky stated that their movement to Belgium was quite brutal.

but they fought for life and anyone who prevented them must bear the consequences. Now the German army began to destroy Leuven, a historic monument in Belgium.

The city is known as the Oxford of Belgium, but the German army burned down its medieval university as well as historic museums. After three weeks of fighting, the reports received described the deep hatred, so it is difficult to express in words.

Meanwhile in the east, the situation became more complicated for the German Empire, in conflict with their strategy plan, the Russian Empire's troops managed to cross the border and enter the eastern Prussian territory. This invasion shocked large groups of invaders, with hundreds of German citizens leaving their homes in panic to find shelter in a safer place. And these invaders called the Russian Empire as a "crazy machine".

On August 22, 1914, Emperor Wilhelm II began to feel trapped between fear and the growing war spirit. His fear was getting deeper when he believed that the British, French and the Russian Empire had cooperated to destroy the German Empire. But behind that anxiety,

the confidence of the Germans remained strong. The great victory of Mons and Charleroi, which managed to defeat thousands of war defenders, even on this day, 27,000 French soldiers were killed. This gives evidence of their superiority in the field of war and in the midst of the threat of a large coalition of European powers, Germany felt that this initial victory was

was a good sign for their ambition to dominate the path of war then Emperor Wilhelm II said to his people we will fight until the end of man and god and we will this fight against a world of enemies Germany has never been defeated because it was united

The German army continued to move forward towards Paris and brought great pressure on the French defense. Although their movements were delayed, the strategy led by General Alfred von Schlieffen managed to give very significant results.

Knowing that the German Empire's troops had successfully passed the defense and were still moving towards Paris, made the French president forced to flee from the capital, leaving Paris uncertain. And now the German Empire's troops are only 30 miles from the heart of the city of Paris, and this shows the real threat to their victory in the Western Front.

In 1914, news that the German army was only 30 miles from Paris spread quickly, so the fear of the civilian population turned into panic and in front of large banks there was a rumor to empty their accounts as if the treasure could save them from the approaching disaster

In August 1914, the traffic jam at the train stations began to break. Many citizens rushed to the station to try to escape by train. However, the Ferrari family remained at their house on the outskirts of Paris.

This recording is the first recording for daily life in the first week of the war. At that time, their grandfather gave respect to the military. He believed that the French military would protect his homeland and Paris would not fall into the hands of Germany.

Although France was at that time marked by fear and uncertainty, some children still went to school. That was because before August 7, 1914, the director of the French Ministry of Education stated that the eyes of education were still being carried out and had to explain the causes of the war, especially the aggressive aggression that forced France to fight and that their homeland was the last branch of civilization.

Meanwhile on the other side thousands of refugees from Belgium, North France and from the Sempen area fled from the arrival of German troops. The same panic also struck East Prussia in North Germany where Russia attacked. Even at that time rumors spread that Russian troops were starting to raid and rape the citizens of North Germany. But no one knows for sure how true the rumor is. Now the fear is growing faster

from the truth and propaganda began to play its role, so from that in German bioscopes the screen of the gun shows a terrifying scene of torture and cruelty carried out by the Russian army. These films are not just entertainment but tools

to instill fear in the people. But in fact, the Russian Empire troops were moving with a stick under the command. The generals carried out their strategy to open a new front to reduce pressure on their allies, especially the French. At that time they were called the Russian steamroller or the giant war machine that moved slowly but not in a hurry.

In the Russian strategy, two large troops, each with a number of 400,000 soldiers, moved west, bringing a real threat to Berlin. These Russian troops were suppressed by their understanding of the balance and faith, and before they attacked, they sang a song of separation for their country.

But most Russian soldiers do not understand why they walk hundreds of miles crossing the border to defend their country. Most of these soldiers are farmers and most of them cannot read and write. Therefore, during the war they did not leave a journal or letter.

In a novel titled Augustus 1914, the famous Russian writer explains that the regime is a kind of village and the leader is a kind of guardian. And as long as there is meat and vodka offered, bullets will not scare them.

Then on August 20, 1914, Russian troops quietly moved into Eastern Prussia and attacked Kutjuta.

As a result of the Russian attack that defeated the Eastern Russians with force, thousands of civilian citizens fled and the 8th German army was forced to retreat. Knowing this tragic situation, General Paul von Hindenburg, a 67-year-old Russian veteran, was called to take command. His task was not only to stop the invasion, but also to calm the German public who began to panic.

Hindenburg did not work alone, he was accompanied by General Eric Ludendorff, a 47-year-old Russian man who had proven his brilliance in the Belgian campaign. They were both a solid team, two military brains ready to change the course of war.

But they faced a bitter reality. The German troops at that time were only 200,000 and that was half of the Russian soldiers. But for them, numbers are not everything. They have an unrivaled advantage, which is superior logistics. Their troops move faster using sophisticated train lines and better weapons. They are equipped with more sophisticated motor and strategy artillery.

and added again with a raging spirit of struggle. The raging spirit is caused by the fact that most of the German troops came from East Prussia, a land that is now threatened. They not only fought for the emperor, but also for their homes, families, and honor.

This is a battle that will determine the fate of East Russia and behind the scenes Hindenburg and Ludendorff have prepared a big step to return to normal. Then Ludendorff began to release the giant Zeppelin balloons to monitor the enemy's movements and it was known that the Zeppelin balloon ship was filled with hydrogen gas which was easily burned and very vulnerable to attacks even if hit by a direct shot

can turn it into a fireball in the sky. In addition, Germany has another advantage, the ability to transmit important information quickly.

Using a sophisticated communication system at the time, Germany could send intelligence reports from Zeppelin directly to the command center from the height of the observer inside Zeppelin monitoring the movement of the Russian troops, then transmitting information in real time via radio. Therefore, in every enemy movement or every formation change, everything immediately reached the hands of Hindenburg and Ludenroff.

With accurate and fast information, the Germans could respond faster, trap, entrap, even destroy the enemy before they realized it.

After all the information from the Zeppelin was collected, the German troops learned about the strategy of the Russian Empire troops in the east. They analyzed that the two Russian troops had distanced themselves from each other to support each other. Therefore, this opportunity is a golden opportunity for Germany to attack. Germany's first plan was to attack General Samsonov's troops, which were near Tannenberg.

In these three days of fighting, the German troops finally managed to win the battle in this sector. And now the German troops have held almost 90,000 Russian troops and about 30,000 Russian troops have been defeated or injured during the battle.

and General Samsonov began to be frustrated, desperate and was haunted by guilt. General Samsonov was unable to face reality until he ended his life with a headshot.

Russia's defeat in this sector is not only a disaster for St. Petersburg but also a blow to its allies, France and England. As the main pillar in the Eastern Front, the destruction of Russian troops in Tannenberg is the trigger for the strategy of the war of allies. Their hope that Russia would suppress Germany from the East was destroyed in a flash. And of course this makes the battle burden on the Western Front even heavier.

but this embarrassing defeat cannot shake the morale of the French and English allied troops. choose to cover this disaster from the public to reveal bad news that can weaken the spirits of the judges who are fighting

After the East Prussia was recaptured, thousands of German soldiers who had previously fled, now returned to their homeland. But what they found was not a house like before or a city they knew, but ruins and wounds that were not visible. And this destruction shook the morale of the people. People began to question the price of victory while fear

will be a longer war, starting to burn their veins. But Germany could not let the spread of pessimism to raise the spirit of the people. They filmed the safe leaders who were the army that returned with pride on their chests even though they had gone through a battle of hell, even as a symbol of appreciation.

they were given a three-fold razzum and a message was delivered, namely Germany strong Germany wins and the war must continue now Hindenburg was lifted to the field marseille he was considered a national hero but actually Ludendorff was the planner of this victory

but he was not seen in public. Although in public Hindenburg as a hero, but Hindenburg said that if what happened was the opposite, in other words, if Germany loses in the fight, then he will be the most hated person in all of Germany.

Meanwhile, at the Russian headquarters, Nicholas II's train and his private train were camouflaged in the forest. He was meeting his father, who was the highest military commander, Grand Duke Nicholas.

according to the pastor Nicholas the actual enemy was the Hungarian Empire because this war started in the Hungarian Empire then the road to Berlin was blocked in Hungary which means destroying the Hungarian Empire means

the main pillar of the German alliance and opened the way to suppress the larger enemy. Therefore, in September 1914, Russia implemented its strategy to conquer Galicia, which is the province of the Hungarian Empire with its capital, Lembong.

now tens of thousands of Russian troops are ready to fight Russia will launch large offensives so from that war in the eastern front enters a new phase of fighting that will determine the fate of the Austrian Empire Hungria

As a result of this battle, the Hungarian Empire lost in a close fight. It is estimated that 400,000 Hungarian soldiers were killed, injured, or arrested. This defeat was not only a loss of territory, but also a hard blow to the reputation of the Hungarian Empire's military. An empire that was once besieged, now began to crack from within.

These defenders represented all ethnic groups in the Hungarian Kingdom including Czechoslovakia, Croatia and Bosnia. Then Russia immediately took advantage of this victory for the sake of propaganda. They showed videos of the war in Hungary that looked like a rift with Russian soldiers. As if they were treated well, even respected by their enemies.

Russia wants to show the world that the Hungarian-Austrian troops prefer to surrender than fight for their own empire. With this propaganda, Russia hopes to weaken the spirit of the enemy's fighting, instilling doubts among the Hungarian-Austrian troops, even instilling uncertainty in their own leaders, as well as as a form of Russian intention to unite all Slavic people with one kingdom.

In the midst of a group of high-ranking military officers, Tsar Nicholas II felt satisfied with their first victory against the Hungarian Empire, even though this victory had killed more than 200,000 Russian prisoners who were wounded or lost during the war.

Then we went west along the front line of 370 miles, 7 German troops of more than 2 million officers planned to invade France with full force. The first army, General Von Kloog, with his strategy, will cross the Somme River, which was the last defense before the capital.

So from that on September 1, 1914, German troops led by General Von Kluck began to cross the river Somme with their fighting horses. These troops kept moving forward non-stop because according to their regiment commander Brandenburg, they were not allowed to let the enemy rest because sweat saved blood.

That is their principle, the harder they press, the fewer victims fall on their side. Meanwhile, on the other hand, the French army, which is tired, is forced to retreat. They are already at the brink of their ability limit, ravaged by extreme hot weather. This temperature is the hottest temperature in this century. Many of the soldiers who did not have time to bathe and their horses' backs

blood due to the constant pressure of the plain without stopping but this retreat was not a sign of defeat France and England had planned every step with the same sex in the midst of a battle battle battalion first from the Gloucester regime arrived in France on August 13 after a journey of 185 miles they were immediately gathered to

heard the speech from the highest commander of the British expedition, namely the Marshal of the Sir John French field, he reminded the judges that their situation was very serious.

Meanwhile, the French people prayed with hope. They prayed for the safety of their homeland which is now in the midst of destruction. And at that time, the French colonial troops had retreated to the south of France. And now, the African troops have moved north.

Most of these troops prefer to walk than wear heavy military shoes and before their arrival, members of the French Congress were worried that there would be no season and French food that would suit these African troops.

Even so, the generals assured that they were very disciplined, strong and very loyal to their superiority. Even one of the Senegal's infantry carried the captain's relaxed chair. Throughout Paris, the defense forces were surrounded by all aspects. And on September 2, 1914, two French planes returned from the mission in the enemy line. In the information obtained that the German troops changed course,

German troops did not move towards Paris, but surrounded to surround the French troops and that made them open to be attacked by the French and the British along the Marne River. The commander of the army responsible for the defense of Paris was General Joseph Gallieni. In a critical situation, he made a bold decision where he mobilized 6,000 reserve troops to the Marne River using the Paris city taxi.

This operation was not only a military strategy but also a symbol of resistance Hundreds of taxis lined the streets of the city, bringing the officers to the front line and the French government then dedicated this moment in a large propaganda film aimed at raising the spirit of the army and the French people in the midst of the threat of the German invasion

This scene is one of the most iconic moments before the war of March, confirming that the entire French nation, both the army and the civilian population, united to defend their homeland. The French supreme commander was General Geoffrey, who was 62 years old at the time, and on September 4, 1914, he ordered his commander to read the order to

of the soldiers who would advance to the front line where the order stressed that the fate of France was now dependent on the soldiers fighting and the soldiers had to fight until the blood ran out and what was even more terrible for the soldiers who retreated from the battlefield

will be killed by his own party, so from that there is no way out of this horror. Returning means being executed and advancing means facing a heavy rain and bombs ready to tear their bodies apart. In this cruel battlefield, the choice is not between life and death, but between death in a different way.

Then on September 5, French and British troops were ready to fight against Germany and this battle was known as the March battle.

in the middle of a barbaric battle a French officer named Charles Pegui stood firmly in the front line he was not just an army he was one of the greatest warriors of France but he devoted his life to defending his homeland as a lieutenant in the 19th regiment of the French infantry regiment he fought with his fellow soldiers against a group of German troops that continued to advance but

Dir wrote a tragic ending in the middle of the gunfire and artillery fire a bullet hit his head Meanwhile in the French artillery line this artillery team kept shooting his gun even this army was able to shoot 20 bullets per minute gunfire that was still being fired even in the day count this shot could reach 100,000 bullets and this was the key

unimaginable destruction and this also made German troops to surrender to the French defense line in a day's count more than 100,000 were immediately released into the battlefield turning the land into a sea of fire

and behind this war, it turned out that the weapons factories had never stopped working. Women assembled one by one to refill the ammunition that would be sent to the front line. On September 9, 1914, war in this sector had not yet shown signs of a resounding, loud noise, the sound of gunshots and the screams of injured soldiers kept raging in the battlefield.

Although many French and English officers were defeated, they managed to withstand the attack of the German troops. However, this victory must be paid with a very expensive price. A French historian, Marc Bloch, who was still a sorcerer at the time, wrote his late memories of his days in the battlefield. In his notes, he described the bodies scattered on the ground with an unhealed body and the smell of ashes enveloping the battlefield.

The fight that ended was estimated at 200,000 dead and injured on the French side and this is the same with the number of Germans. Meanwhile, women from different families joined together to be nurses.

These guards are known as the angels of the lovers. They came out of the country with knowledge and were forced to reduce the pain of the young people who were amputated and faced with the smell of blood and infection. The number of victims of many injuries and deaths did not stop the military and political leaders. General Jaffrey, who decorated the mark of his colonial army from Africa and Asia, stated that with this great loss, victory proved

that the Earth's infantry has performed its duty well. However, for the soldiers from Africa and Asia fighting under the French flag, the statement of General Jaffrey that has been conveyed is not a respect, but a bitter statement. For the soldiers from Africa and Asia, the value of a soldier is only measured by how much they can sacrifice for the success of France. Even so, the spirit of this colonial soldier is still there.

high level now France managed to capture 25,000 German soldiers in the battlefield France also took advantage of this moment by recording the laughter in the propaganda film showing them as proof of the victory that had been achieved

In the midst of a victory euphoria, curiosity and hatred towards the enemy, the enemy is fighting among the soldiers. One of them is Henry Desperiars, a 21-year-old French soldier who for the first time saw the German troops from close range. In his anger, he wanted to avenge his revenge and vent his anger on the Prussian army, which is now their enemy. Although the war was full of brutality,

the defenses were still carried out well. The International Red Flag Committee played an important role in ensuring their rights by establishing special organizations for war defense and sending tens of millions of letters and forms to the conflict zone. After the battle of the French, the French finally got time to rest. Meanwhile, France and England let the German troops move to the west.

in northern France and this triggered a complex defensive strategy. This movement was later known as the "Fight to the Sea" where the two sides fought to secure strategic territory along the coast. During the three months of the battle, other German units completed the invasion of Belgium.

After managing to dominate the entire area, the German military tried to calm the local population, but this attempt quickly collapsed due to the imprisonment carried out by the officers, which caused a food crisis and suffering for the Belgians. Among these German officers,

there was an unknown Austrian-Hungarian painter. He was Adolf Hitler, who was still 25 years old at the time. Although Hitler wrote about his terrible experience in Flanders, in the book "Mein Kampf", Hitler wrote that he was very proud and excited when the First World War began in 1914. He considered this war an opportunity for Germany to prove its superiority.

As soon as we go back four years ago, the British refused to ignore the Hypers area in Belgium. The narrow line that remains in Belgium must remain in the hands of the allies and that is the request of the King of Belgium, Albert I, whom George V came to visit to support.

The Belgian military doctor Major Max Dauvel argued that maintaining a position until the end is a duty even though death awaits.

Knowing that the war in Europe was getting worse, the southern British began to train more troops. The Canadians, British and French who spoke English, all became warriors, all used the same uniform and all served their king.

With sharp blue eyes, King George V observed his new infantry troops. These troops were immediately docked at the French port, while Canadian units moved towards the front line. But behind the raging spirit, the military officers began to be filled with doubts. They wondered if these troops were really ready to face the real horror of war.

After the soldiers arrived at the French port, they immediately rushed to prepare their things, then ran to the camp of the soldiers. Then we entered the month of October. This month, the German troops decided to defend the area they had occupied and began to dig a defense mine. They forced the locals to dig a mine in Flanders, but this attempt faced great obstacles.

land that they dug was filled with water. This happened because the Belgians intentionally opened their gates to flood the dam that had just been dug by them. This also made them, especially the German troops, work hard to throw away the water that flooded the defense dam so that the wood as the dam wall did not quickly collapse.

or attacked by the people Meanwhile, across the line of German defense, the British troops also began to dig their own graves They were ready to defend the front line in Flanders, which is now static

War that previously relied on fast movement and direct attack has now turned into a war of position. Many judges began to feel frustrated with this situation. They assumed that all training in the open field was wasted because in fact they acted more like miners than combat judges.

Meanwhile, far in the south, the French troops also deployed defense paratroopers. However, unlike Germany and England, their paratrooper system is less connected to each other, making their defense more fragmented. And at that time,

the issue that the French Supreme Commander really disliked the concept of this defense. This made many French officers believe that their comrades were only focused on one thing, namely attacking. For them, Germany must be beaten back from the provinces of the provinces of France that have been occupied. No matter how difficult the situation is, but the reality in the battlefield

In other words, now the coastline is 430 miles long, bordering from the North Sea to the Swiss border.

Knowing the great pressure facing Russia in the Eastern Front, France had to act quickly to reduce its army burden. Therefore, in the cold season of 1914, they decided to launch an attack to distract the attention of Germany. And in the front line, French artillery began to demand enemy artillery with the equipment as it was.

But this task is full of risks, the observers often become targets for JITO shooters or enemy shooting. Every observation they make is a life-threatening. After collecting valuable information from these observers, the French artillery troops were ready. Their weapons were directed, coordinates were calculated, then the artillery fire started to be released.

After a smooth attack by the artillery, General Geoffrey's troops advanced into a massive attack. However, they were greeted by a rain of bullets from the German machine guns that did not stop rolling the French army line that continued to advance into the battlefield.

This attack finally stopped just like that. The French army's attack proved ineffective, only resulting in great victims without strategic benefits. More than 100,000 soldiers were killed or injured, making this attack one of the most tragic failures.

Meanwhile, in the midst of the war in Europe, suffering was not only felt in the battlefield. Many women lost their husbands, children, or both. Hundreds of thousands of families were destroyed and the lives they once knew were silent under the shadow of war.

In early November 1914, Paul Benedict XV, born with the name of Giacomo Paolo Giovanni, saw the war raging in Europe as the death of Europe. He believed that the fresh blood that flows every day on this earth was a symbol of unhuman evil. He believed that peace should be a way for those who are good intentions, not bloodshed without end.

In other parts of the world, in Africa, French, British and Belgian troops plan to attack German colonies in Togo, Cameroon, Tanganyika, Rwanda and Namibia. Their mission is to expand the colony area and take the raw materials needed for the war industry.

At that time, local residents in Africa, who were under German colonial rule, were forced to go through military duty in Zanzibar and various other areas in East German Africa. Germany recruited and forced local residents

to join their troops. The original African soldiers, known as "askari", were trained who would later be trained to fight in war against allied troops. For some local residents, this war was not their struggle, but they were forced to fight for the sake of colonial interests. Unlike the German colonial,

In the colonial area of ​​France in Africa, many local residents who joined the military with pride. They proudly wear the French flag, receive relatively better pay and are considered part of the French military power. So these officers showed extraordinary loyalty and courage in facing the heavy war conditions.

Now the African troops that joined the French army began to launch attacks on the German colonial territory. In a harsh war, they advanced with a high spirit to face the German troops who had prepared their defense well. And the fighting in this African region became part of a broader conflict where the colonial forces tried to defend or seize their strategic territory.

In the middle of the hot battle, the African troops showed their courage and discipline fighting under the French flag to destroy the German domination on that continent.

In this fierce battle, about 100,000 African soldiers and 30,000 European troops were killed. However, most of them did not die from the fall or explosion of the bomb, but because of the deadly disease such as dysentery, typhus, and malaria, a harsh battlefield, the lack of medical staff, and

Extreme environmental conditions accelerated the spread of the disease, making the battlefield not only a battlefield, but also a mass grave due to the outbreak that hit the two sides. Meanwhile in Asia, to honor the agreement of alliance with the British, Japan began to launch an attack on Germany.

At the beginning, Japan took an opportunity in the territory of German power in China, namely the Tisingtao port, which was known as the trading center and the place where the famous German beer factory was located. At that time, the Japanese economy and military that were rising began to show off their strength by attacking Germany in Tisingtao for seven days in a row.

In the battle of the archery, Japan finally managed to destroy the German defense and recaptured Tsingtao and Japan's victory was a new strength in Asia.

After the victory of Japan, Japan's ambitions grew stronger and they began to conquer other regions in China. When the war in Europe was in decline, the conflict spread to the Middle East. On November 23, 1914, in Jerusalem and various other Ottoman empires allied with Germany, against France, England, and Russia.

The Ottoman Empire held a strategic position. The capital city was Constantinople, which we now know as Istanbul in Turkey. It was the place where Basilica Hagia Sophia turned into a mosque.

Constantinople became the relationship between the Mediterranean and the Black Sea, and the Ottoman Empire was fighting until Persia's siege and began to threaten the Suez Strait, a vital route for England as the main route of the front to enter the West Front.

Ottoman rule at that time was Sultan Mehmed V, who was 72 years old. He appeared to welcome the German emperor, Wilhelm II, who at that time was worried about the British political maneuver in an attempt to pull the Ottomans to their side. And to anticipate this, Germany offered great support to the Ottomans.

But the Sultan's power is only symbolic. The real control is in the hands of the Nationalist Organization or the Turkish Youth. And its leader is Enver Paca, 33 years old. He is the strongest person in the country.

Enver Pacha led an Ottoman army of millions of people who were now trained and directed directly by the German military. Then the German leader found Enver Pacha's troops, he gave full freedom to launch an attack on Russia. From then on, Enver Pacha decided to attack Russia, the Ottoman enemy in Kalsus.

These Ottomans were tough and had been fighting Russia for a long time. And now, this army moves to the mountain to crush the enemy to the top. So from there, on December 22, 1914, in the middle of a brutal cold season, the Ottoman army launched an attack on the mountain of Deca-Sarikhamus.

The attack of the Ottoman army ended in disaster. The Ottoman army was unable to compete with the strength of Russia and the extreme weather condition was getting worse and the freezing temperatures made them difficult to return quickly. Until finally about 70,000 of the three Ottoman corps soldiers died of cold and the rest were destroyed by the Russian army when the Ottoman army tried to escape from the field.

Meanwhile, on the Western Front, the war continued in formation. But on December 25, 1914, something unexpected happened. I don't know how it started, suddenly the fighting stopped, weapons were opened, and the German army and its allies came out of the siege.

They, they were holding hands as if the enemy had turned into a friend. It turns out that all of this happened because of Christmas. They shared cigarettes, sang Christmas songs, even in some places they played soccer on land that had previously been covered with blood.

For a moment, the war as if silent was replaced by a human story in the midst of war horror. These iconic images show that in the midst of the horror of war, humanity can still shine. The printing of the Christmas weapon 1914 is proof that behind the uniform and weapons,

The priests remained human with heart and feelings, but unfortunately these people were risked being shot dead because they were considered traitors. No one knows what happened to them, but their peace was only for a moment because the next day the sound of the shooting returned to the battlefield.

then we entered on March 15, 1915, the British and French joint forces launched an attack on the Dardanelles strait. Their goal was to take over the Stansinople to weaken the Ottoman Empire and prevent Bulgaria from joining the German and Ottoman parties.

when the attack of the British and French Navy continued they did not realize that the waters of the Darnoil strait had been filled with the sea waves of the Ottoman troops as a result, many of their warships exploded and sank after hitting the sea and then the situation got worse the Ottoman troops attacked with artillery fire

artillery so as to destroy more ships and force the fleet of troops to retreat and from this battle of 18 ships that were hit 10 ships were destroyed by the Ottoman troops back to the Ottomans after the first defeat of the Ottoman troops against Russia in the Khamis

Ottoman youth and Enver Paca's coasts looking for black sheep to cover their failures. The Armenian community, which has long been considered a threat by the Ottoman regime, became the main target. The accusation of betrayal against them was used as a reason to launch brutal ethnic cleansing

However, the cleansing of Armenia was not just an impact of the military defeat, but also part of a broader nationalistic policy to eliminate ethnic groups from the empire. Therefore, on April 24, 1915, genocide occurred.

Many Armenians were killed in the Ottoman Empire, even they did not consider age or gender. Some of the Armenians were hanged and for the Armenian women they were raped and executed. Meanwhile, the Armenians who survived the initial siege were brutally dragged to the camps in the Suria Desert, which are hundreds of miles away from their original place, without food, water.

or protection from the heat that afflicted them, they were forced to walk in terrible conditions. Throughout the journey, many were exhausted, beaten and estimated that more than one million Armenians died of starvation and thirst and this genocide made it one of the greatest human tragedies of the 20th century.

now the Ottoman troops began to gather strength to face Russia and in England after the defeat of his army in the Dark Nulls, Winston Churchill together with the head of the Navy began to set up another strategy and their plan was to destroy

enemy's rear, then from that the army of this ally will be landed in Gallipoli and on April 25, 1915, the Anzac army of Australia and New Zealand together with the English and French groups landed on the narrow beach.

Due to the narrow and open terrain location, plus their position in the lowlands, the army of the allies became a weak target for the Ottoman army who shot them from above.

At that time, the Ottoman army was equipped with heavy weapons and led by talented generals. One of them was Mustafa Kemal, who was crowned as the leader of Turkish modernization.

Under his command, the Ottoman troops were able to withstand and give a fierce fight against the enemy's army. And as a result, the enemy's army was trapped in a difficult situation and had to face heavy tests for months.

One of the British war journalists who worked for the London Times, Alice Asmet wrote that this war was the worst failure in their military history and the generals had no map and did not know about the environment in front of them.

In addition, there was no further step to meet the needs of the soldiers and they, especially the Australian soldiers, no longer had a drink in the middle of the sunset. By using their own camera, Ellis recorded the troops who were now starving and during the battle in this sector,

about 150,000 troops were killed or damaged in vain and they had surrendered that Bulgaria would join the Germans and Dardanelles would remain in the hands of the Ottomans.

Meanwhile, in April, in Den Haag, the Netherlands, which was at that time neutral, held a peace conference initiated by women who demanded arms strikes. However, the hope for peace was actually weak. As the tension broke, the conflict became even wider. And in France, the front line was trapped in the aftermath of the war.

no one of the judges dared to leave their protection because in front of them there was only death waiting for these judges began to feel their spirits dropping they were overwhelmed with the war that did not end trapped in poverty without progress even the troops from the farmers began to feel jealous of their cattle who lived much more comfortably than

they were in the battlefield in the aftermath of the war of paris this Germany decided to launch a large attack in the east in the Poland region especially in Warsaw which was still ruled by Russia to ensure the success of this attack the commander

German General von Volkenhai sent an American journalist, Wilbur de Brau, who was 33 years old, with his crew to follow the German troops for six months. They went by a luxury car from America. This American journalist was very happy with his role while America was still neutral.

But on May 7, 1915, tension between Germany and the United States emerged after German submarines fired torpedoes that sunk the British ship SS Lusitania. The incident caused more than 1,500 people to die, including 120 citizens of the United States.

The incident made the Germans claim that the attack was approved because the SS ship was known to carry ammunition. But this proof was only revealed a year after the incident. Although the news of this incident has spread, it did not stop American journalists from following the German volunteers. Meanwhile in Italy,

On May 23, 1915, Italy finally entered the battlefield. Previously neutral, Italy was initially a German and Hungarian ally. However, the British and French promised to return the cities of Trento and Trieste, which were still under the control of Hungary and Austria. And now the British and French promised to return the city to Italy. With this offer, Italy also turned

and joined the allies. The spirit of anti-Austria-Hungarianism hit Italy, strengthened by provocative poems by Gabriele who burned the fire of nationalism. But behind this wave of patriotism, the young Italians did not realize the extraordinary difficulties that awaited them. And now, the Italian army is moving towards the battlefield in the Alpine mountains.

Back to this American journalist, at that time he recorded the emperor's deputy resting before he started a big attack on Warsaw.

After the German victory in Poland, this American journalist recorded thousands of Russian defenses. He also dedicated the moments of German judges who enjoyed the Russian cuisine that they had mastered. This recording shows that German judges like Russian cuisine.

and the recording did not stop there. The journalist also recorded the moment on the platform of the Warsaw station, where the German judges celebrated the celebration of the city while recording the Jews in the Jewish settlements. And on August 4, 1915, the German troops made a victory parade in Warsaw.

Meanwhile, other war cameramen also recorded German violence, such as the Joplin balloon that bombed London, and that made the British realize that their kingdom's heart was broken.

now a new type of war has been born, namely the war of the industry war that is full of destruction and destruction where its purpose is to kill as many people as possible and as quickly as possible the railway is now filled with the findings of the findings of killing like grenades with all kinds of bombs with various calibers as well as with various poison gases, hence the war

war that will happen is more terrifying than before in September 19 15 in the east Turkey Austria Hungary and Germany faced Russia and in the south Austria Hungary tried to hold Italy in the Czech Republic while in the west Germany faced Belgium France and England in the paris for 400

To maintain their position, the army needed better war equipment. Therefore, in September 1915, factories in France, which were mostly operated by women, tried to rebuild and produce helmets for the soldiers.

At that time, they were targeted to make 20 million helmets with a standard of defense that could withstand attacks from the breaking of a bullet. Among these female workers, there was a recording that showed one of them leaving a note in the helmet that he made. The simple message was written to give courage to the jurors who would use it as a reminder that behind the cruel battlefield there is still hope.

and prayers that accompany them. In addition to the new helmet, the judges also received a new blue-blue suit designed so that they can fly in the sky when there is an attack. Many of them are happy with this change.

because the new army feels more comfortable and provides better protection than the previous army. But behind this joy lies the concern. For some of the leaders, the new army is not just a completion of the war, but also a sign that this conflict will continue and the war is still far from over.

Although the French troops and their allies got a stronger new helmet, they still lost class compared to the German troops' helmets, known as Stahelms.

This helmet is a symbol of German patriarchy and is considered to be a much superior protection equipment. Compared to the helmet of the army, Stahlhelm has a wider design, providing better protection for the head, neck, and side of the face. Its solid shape makes it more effective in holding down bullet shrapnel and artillery shrapnel. And also, this is something that is very important in the war of Paris.

A few days after the last movement of the Allied forces, a French fighter plane began to perform a reconnaissance mission on the territory dominated by Germany. After the mission was completed, the report was immediately sent to the headquarters. With the information obtained, the Allied forces began to move. However, the German troops knew about the movement of the Allied forces, so the German troops immediately fired their heavy artillery.

so as to create a bomb that hit the ground. This artillery battle required the soldiers to defend the area they were in control of from every attack. Even when the area was bombed with poisonous gas, they had to keep defending their area.

As a helmet completer, the soldier is equipped with a gas mask as a shield for this new type of war. The arms race also began by finding new formulas such as chlorine or mustard gas that were previously used in the Ypres battle in Belgium that killed thousands of people.

in a fight involving poison gas many body members turn purple they wander looking for air to stop the pain because their breasts and stomachs are burned by poison gas and projectile dents many of them are trapped

in a thick fog that covered the air and covered the sunlight for hours. One of the recordings shows the Canadian ambassador walking in a hurry, holding each other's shoulders,

they experienced blindness due to the exposure of poisonous gases. Tragedies like this make the world aware of the horrors of the modern war. Facing the violence of this new method, the International Red Cross Committee immediately launched a fierce protest. Even though since the Den Haag Convention in 1899, the use of chemical weapons including poisonous gases has been banned internationally, but the reality is

This war was ignored, each party still used the toxic gas as a weapon, prioritizing victory over human rights. Knowing the violence of this new form of war, the French military began to perfect self-defense equipment. In the early stages, they used a helmet as a respirator and a cloth that was soaked in pre-treatment urine with the hope of neutralizing chlorine gas.

But this method proved ineffective. As a response, they replaced the equipment with protective glasses and thicker anti-chemical syringes. Unfortunately, this system is still far from perfect. Finally, a full-head cover was developed, a kind of protective cover that covers the entire face. Although providing better protection, this tool limits the gaze and makes the judges difficult to breathe.

A few days later, the army found the body of a German sergeant who was wearing a rubber band with carbon fiber. This band is known as the "Gummi Mark". This discovery made the commanding officer's eyes on the effectiveness of the protection of the enemy. From here they began to imitate the design of the mask.

which then became the basis for the development of gas equipment that was more suitable for the army of the army now the soldiers on both sides of the life in the poison gas terror aroma of the scent makes many of them mentally confused even become crazy because of it even though it has been equipped with protection, the fear

still holding back every breath. However, with better protective equipment, they are able to maintain their positions. As a result, the front line remains firm or does not move for months.

Meanwhile, on the west side, Germany managed to dominate almost all of Belgium's territory and 10 provinces in France, including strategic cities such as Lille, Cambridge, and Saint-Quentin. Interestingly, the logistics fleet of the German army in the battlefield is better than their own family who live in Brandenburg and Saxony. Meanwhile, luxurious houses in villages far from the front line

occupied by the high German officers. The location is safe from artillery and gunfire, becoming a place of protection as well as a symbol of power. As with the enemy, in every fighting line, the military caste system remains. The officers live comfortably away from the battlefield, while ordinary officers must survive in the midst of mud, bullets and poisonous gas.

Meanwhile, on the French side, heavy equipment such as excavators began to split the sides of the region to dig more mines. This defense system is now divided into three main lines. The first line of mines that are closest to the enemy is the most dangerous and most deadly. There is the life of the jury depending on the enemy.

in seconds and seconds. Human mind seems never run out when it comes to killing each other. All methods used to throw explosives at enemy's gunpowder across the field, such as grenade launchers, short-range torpedo launchers, even weapons from the past such as mid-century cannons are still used. British officers even operated a giant cannon to launch explosives into the enemy line. The most terrifying thing is a weapon that is cocked.

Plum pudding, a projectile made by itself that has a strange, heavy and unstable shape. As dangerous as this weapon is not only threatening the enemy, but it can also hurt or kill the shooter himself. Even so, in a stagnant and brutal war of war, any primitive or risky tool is still used.

When the fire and explosion stopped, that was the only time for the soldiers in the front line to breathe for a moment. They used this short spell to play cards, write letters to their families, or just reverse their anxiety by holding and playing anything that could be found around them. Throughout the defense, the soldiers built a place of protection as they called it with the name of the "Getir"

or a house that is sad. This place is not a house from the real meaning, but a narrow hole of land and wooden boards that are only enough to sit or sleep in a corner. Their living conditions are very poor. Not a single priest has ever taken a shower or washed his hair. Even their clothes have not been replaced for weeks.

The combination of sweat, mud, and death made their bodies release a burning smell. And at night, the swamp turned into a underground colony. In those narrow spaces, some of the priests built emergency shelters to protect themselves from the attack of the giant tigers. For those who do not have protection, their bodies become a target of bite, even their ears and nose become the target of these tigers.

These rats are not only a nuisance, but also a real additional enemy. They eat everything that can be eaten, such as chocolate, cheese, and even gurgling the hornet's claws. As a result, the judges were forced to hunt the rats. In one night, a judge could kill up to 70 rats in one hole. But this fight never ended, because the rats also brought chaos, hatred, and evil, harming the suffering of the fighters who had been ravaged by the

However, for the soldiers who were in the front line, the cleanliness and illness they faced were nothing compared to the terror that came from the sky. The soldiers were forced to stay at least two weeks in the front line before being replaced by the soldiers from the second line. And after the crowd was dispersed, they safely brought their wounded colleagues through the narrow corridors to the third line, the reserve line that is usually located

cities that have been left behind. There they have a little time to breathe, treat wounds, and gather their remains back. This suffering is not only experienced by the Allied troops across the coast. The German officers also felt the same suffering: despair, hunger, and loss of sanity. War does not distinguish everyone involved in the same suffering, but in a different form.

In the line of the reserve, the French officers, known as Poilus, which means "bull" finally got a chance to take a shower, take a shower, and instantly feel like a human again. Poilus' nickname reflects their hard, dirty, and war-like figure.

In physical and mental conditions that almost resemble wild creatures, they become a tragic symbol of civilization that collapsed in the midst of the death of the dead. Poilu is not a real monster, but the existence of a human being who was reduced by war to only leave behind one basic thing, namely the ability to suffer.

September ended and now we enter October with the air getting colder and the sky getting darker. But in the Balkans, the situation is very different. The central bloc consisting of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria, which had just joined the war, launched a joint attack against Serbia. In just a month,

Serbian troops who were exhausted were shot down, cities fell one by one and the Serbian strength began to collapse in the face of a three-way crowd and as a response, France and England opened a new front in Thessaloniki in northern Greece their goal was clearly to strengthen Serbia and pull Greece to side with the allies

On the morning of October 12, 1915, cargo ships that carried French troops began to move towards the Salonika port in Greece. As soon as they were there, the soldiers immediately landed and lowered the war equipment, including fighting horses, and in a short time they began to set up a headquarters in a defense bag of about 100 square miles surrounded by a heavy artillery circle.

This army is known as the Oregon Army, a mixed unit consisting of British, French, Serbian, Montenegrin, Italian, Russian, and colonial troops from Tonkin, North Vietnam, Indo-China, and France.

Their main goal was to launch a massive offensive against Bulgaria, which at that time had joined the Central Block and attacked Serbia from the east. But before the first bullet was fired, the joint forces had to face an undead enemy, namely the Alam.

The air temperature reached 105 degrees Fahrenheit, around 40 degrees Celsius, and the desert was covered with marshes and malaria mosquitoes. In a short time, more than 6,000 officers were killed by this disease. And tragically, the mission of the Oregon troops from the beginning was not designed for frontal fighting in foreign areas, but as a political and symbolic step to maintain the influence of the allies in the Balkans.

and prevent the domination of the central block over the area. The decision to send troops to Salonika was more influenced by diplomatic pressure than by a thorough military consideration. Many field commanders considered this direction as a strategic mistake. They see that the expedition troops will be much more effective if placed on the western front, which is the main war zone that is being destroyed.

Meanwhile in London King George V began to panic he heard a rumour in the cabinet considering the withdrawal of troops from Salonika his concern was the fate of the British emperors spread across various front lines

For King George V and other heads of state involved in this great war, there is only one question that continues to echo, namely how to stop this massacre. After 18 months of unceasing fighting, more than 5 million people have been killed. Despite that, such a great tragedy, no one is ready to retreat.

For many leaders, peace is not just a matter of diplomacy, but a matter of national self-esteem. The prisoners and their families do not ask for peace, they demand revenge, even more during the unbearable war.

the life has been wasted and material losses have risen to the point that it is not counted. The cost of war is so expensive that the only way to feel not defeated is to make sure that the enemy pays more expensively. Therefore, even though the world is in a hurry, the war must continue.

On December 6, 1915, the leaders of the French, British, Belgian, Russian, and Italian military and politicians gathered in an important conference in Chantilly near Paris. This meeting was held to evaluate the failure of each country's strategic efforts during the first 18 months of the war and to plan a more coordinated approach.

coordination in the future they discussed weaknesses in communication between the front and the destructive impact of an attack on a party that had never achieved real victory after a long debate finally all parties agreed to increase the military coordination across the country to stop the waste of resources in the attack that was carried out separately

and began to plan large offensive at the same time. The result of this conference was a strategic decision to organize a large joint attack between the French Anglo-English troops in the hot season of 1916, a plan that was likely to be known as the Somme War.

The big plan of the allies to attack Somme turned out to have leaked information from German eyes to the hands of General Erich von Falkenhayn, head of the German general staff Knowing that the British and French were preparing a large offensive, Falkenhayn decided to take initiative earlier

German strategy attacked first in another sector, his choice fell on Verdun, the ancient fortress city on the banks of the Mius River. France considered this sector safe, so many heavy artillery was moved to other areas. The guard forces were reduced and without French knowledge,

The Germans quietly gathered their troops and rode only 12 miles from Verdun. Then Erich von Völkenhain sent one of his best guards to see the best route to Verdun. He was Hermann Goering, who would be a high official in the Nazi Party in the next 25 years.

A few days later, Herman returned from his mission and reported the best route to Ferdinand. He explained that access to the city was very beneficial for Germany, especially because of the presence of natural observation posts such as the top of the Roman and added the most beautiful sides.

the forest, allowing Germany to move troops and artillery in hiding. With this strategy, Germany plans to strike back the French defense and capture the high points guarded by the barges, including two moors, one of the largest barges around Verdun.

Falkenhayn understood that these poles were weak because most of them were frozen and the troops had been moved to the front. He was sure that Germany could push the French troops to the side of the river Meuse, where they would be trapped, surrounded, and cut off from assistance. And this Falkenhayn plan was called the "Criminal Operation".

As we all know, Germany is at war on two fronts, East against Russia and West against France and England. To win the war, they must use their troops efficiently and break the French strength in one big blow. And how? Through artillery bullets in a scale that has never happened before.

This time Germany had enough resources. Their artillery firepower was significantly strengthened far beyond their strength in 1914. The giant mining factories like Krupp, working non-stop, employed more than 100,000 workers to produce hundreds of heavy barrels every month. Barrels that are now headed to Verdun.

The German troops also have a complex and developing train network unlike the French in Verdun which is isolated and to get as close to the conflict zone as possible German train rails are extended several kilometers so that hundreds of trains can

to bring the soldiers to the front line and now 2.5 million bullets are hidden only 2 km from the French defense fort and this ammunition is enough to attack the artillery without stopping for 6 days then 140,000 soldiers were gathered quietly to the front line of the Ferdinand defense in small groups by wearing a budget helmet

and the operation of the attack on the city of Verdun was led by the son of Emperor Wilhelm II, namely Wilhelm von Prinz, the son of the German capital. In the northern part of the city of Verdun, 10 kilometers from the Bintang Duomo and the forest of Kauras, which is located in the front line of France, the German troops have prepared everything for the attack.

Meanwhile in Ferdan, this city looks calm like the flow of the Mius River flowing calmly. Most of the residents of Ferdan have been resettling the village since the beginning of the war leaving the city which is now inhabited by guards and several military staff. At that time, the post guard troops felt that the city of Ferdan was far from war, making the post guard can relax and rest. Because this city is so calm and far from conflict,

the commander was forced to build a hospital near the city to treat the disease. The sergeant who was sent from the defense squadron and here we are shown with the sergeant's leg hit by a cold rod that was supposed to be amputated or disengaged caused by dirty water where the body was rotting

Back to the forest of Kauras, due to the lack of surveillance in this sector, the French troops walked without burden and without realizing that a few meters in front of their headquarters, the German troops had quietly centralized their strength

French troops in this sector are led by a veteran, Colonel Emel Drian, aged 61 years. A former member of the Parliament and a very respected patriot, Drian is not only a military leader but also a symbol of the French fighting spirit. Colonel Emel Drian was placed in the Ferdinand sector, which was considered calm at the time. He led about 2,200 light infantry officers known as "sargeurs" or hunters.

Although he was 61 years old, Emeldrian chose to live with his son in the front line and a few days later, Colonel Emeldrian witnessed unusual activities in the German defense line around the forest of Kauras and from here his belief grew that a large attack was being prepared

Then without hesitation, Colonel Emeldrian took action. He ordered the development of additional communication towers, strengthen shooting posts, and build emergency shelters. Emeldrian also delivered to the headquarters about his observation and concerns about German activity in the defense line around the Kauras forest.

but the warning of Colonel Emeldrian did not get a serious response from the high command his concerns were considered excessive and his reports were ignored feeling frustrated, Emeldrian took unusual steps for a while he left his post as a front line senator and returned to the parliament as a member of the National Assembly he went to face directly to the National Assembly

and in front of the highest commander, General Joffrey, Colonel Emeldrian conveyed his concern that the Germans were suppressing great power around the Ferdinand and would immediately attack. He asked that the defense in the sector be strengthened before everything was too late. But as before, his message again did not get a real action. Even for Joffrey, his real battle was a battle in Somme.

A few days after the emeraldrian observation was ignored, an important information came from an unexpected direction A German pilot, a former member of the infantry regiment 143, managed to sink to a French position in the forest of Kauras He brought a shocking news, namely the German troops were preparing a large attack on the Verdun and the attack started exactly

at 5 in the morning. Colonel Emeldrian listened to the report with full attention. He knew that their time was very little. After weeks and weeks of only getting the virus and suspicious activity of the enemy, now he got the sure information.

At that moment, Emeldrian realized that the situation in the forest of Khauras was the starting point of a great battle that would shake the whole of France. Then Colonel Emeldrian quickly ordered his sorcerer's priests to prepare. The defense barricades were strengthened as much as possible, ammunition was distributed, and the last messages were sent to the post of command. There was no time to expect help. They had to hold on to everything they had.

But the sudden snowstorm hit the area of ​​Verdan, delaying the plan for a major German attack. For two full days, the forest of Kauros and its surroundings were covered with 50 cm high snow. Due to this weather, the artillery was able to survive and the field was impossible to pass. However, for Colonel Emeldrian and his troops, this is a very valuable treasure. Two additional days of rest before the war really broke out.

This short time was enough to change the attitude of the French High Command, General Joseph Joffrey, who previously relaxed his awareness of the German attack, finally decided to take action. He ordered massive mobilizations. All units around Verdun, both from the west, the reserve, and those who had just returned from the front line, had to immediately move to the main defense area. Then the paris-paris were dug deeper and the barbed wire was installed.

The city of Ferdinand, which was once considered safe and far from the center of conflict, is now preparing to become the center of one of the most brutal battles in human history.

Meanwhile, on the other side, the German army that was about to attack now began to spend most of their logistics to survive the cold weather that bit while waiting for the order of attack Meanwhile, Colonel Emeldrian, who realized how serious the situation was in the forest of Kauras, almost every day he reminded his troops that a major attack could come tomorrow morning

Those words became a kind of magic mantra that echoed in the hearts of the judges. He ordered that everyone should always keep their weapons in their hands. There was no time to rest. All French troops in this sector were asked to remain alert all day and night. Because for Emeldrian, the threat was not just a possibility, but a certainty that only waited for time.

Now it's time at 7.15 am on February 21, 1916 when the sun was starting to shine, a large German attack intended to change the fate of the war began to be carried out.

artillery attacks that continued to be fired even in a few hours only 1,300 artillery fired more than 1 million artillery bullets at a distance of 20 km and this made the French position completely destroyed even destroyed the entire Kauras forest area

At 5 pm, for about 10 hours of artillery fire, it finally stopped and German troops began to advance to control the area and make sure that no enemy was alive. Meanwhile, French troops who survived the artillery rain did not lose their fighting spirit. Although many of their colleagues were defeated, the remaining officers remained.

stood firm with unwavering courage. They fought back the German attack with a fierce fight, even though they had to face a terrifying weapon like a firecracker, a new tool that poured fire into the fire pit and bunker to the right.

Even though the French army lost with weapons, they refused to give up. They advanced without a break. This extraordinary courage brought the German army, who did not expect that behind the total destruction and the fire, there were still French officers who chose to fight instead of retreating.

In the effort to defend this area, the French troops fought to the point of blood loss. But early at night, after a fierce battle without stopping, the German troops finally managed to capture several parts of the French defense network in the forest of Kauras. Seeing the French troops who were still stubborn to defend some of the area in the forest of Kauras, the German troops finally decided to deploy more brutal destroyers.

So from that day on the next day on February 22, 1916 at 5 in the morning, the infantry troops of Colonel Emeldrian were attacked again with a more powerful force than before. This attack was not just ordinary artillery bullets, but artillery bullets with a combination of heavy gas.

After receiving this deadly attack, the French troops in the forest sector of Kauras were finally forced to choose to retreat. In the chaos caused by the gas bullets that spread in the air, many soldiers were stunned, struggling to breathe. Meanwhile, their bodies began to feel the effect of killing the gas. Those who were still left could no longer withstand the German strength that was getting closer with their heavy hearts.

forced to leave their position even though it meant losing the area they had defended after the French troops retreated from the front line, the injured officers were immediately taken to the emergency care camps in chaos and sorrow that surrounded them, many of them began to question the existence of Colonel emeldrian, the commander who

who is known to always stand with his fruit children in the front line. The Saddus also spread, some of the judges said that Colonel Emeldrian had fallen when leading the resistance in the forest of Kauras, while others hoped that Colonel Emeldrian was still alive even though he was a war veteran. But the truth was finally revealed that Colonel Emeldrian had fallen in the battlefield, a bullet had pierced his head when he defended the forest of Kauras.

But ironically, only a few days before the big attack started, Colonel Emeldrian and his troops were photographed in the swamp. The photo is a tragic symbol. Most of the faces recorded in the picture are now gone. They lie on the ground and are covered in mud,

the forest that finally fell into the hands of the enemy. Of the 2,200 troops led by Colonel Emeldrian, only about 500 survived. In a heroic but tragic fight, as many as 1,700 officers fell in the forest of Kauros.

Despite losing numbers and losing weapons, their sacrifice was futile. Their fierce defense managed to slow down the German troops for a full day, a time that was very valuable in the midst of war. The delay made it possible for French aid to arrive

quickly strengthen the sector that was almost collapsed and now behind the collapse and the destroyed land, the French artillery began to concentrate around the Verdun and the French troops are now under the command of the Philippine General Piton, a leader who has become a symbol of national defense.

In the face of the German attack on Verden, General Witten immediately took a quick and firm action. He threw as many as 300 cannons to repel the brutal crowd in the forest of Kauros. So these heavy cannons began to explode the ground with unceasing fire.

getting a blow from the French troops, the German troops were forced to find a place for protection

Although suffering great losses, Germany continued its advance without stopping. On the second day of the attack, on February 22, 1916, Germany attacked Claude de Dupeuvel and now they are 5 kilometers away from the Douaumont bandit which is difficult to break through. The Douaumont bandit is a symbol of the French military strength in the Ferdinand region, which stands tall in the form of a hexagonal giant.

the wall is 400 meters wide and 3 hectares wide. This boulder is surrounded by a 6-meter-thick concrete wall, a colossal construction designed to withstand the heaviest artillery fire. Under the surface, underground holes were built

various depths. These alleys are several kilometers long and able to accommodate up to 3000 passengers, but the facilities are very limited. There are only four toilets and lighting as is from the gas lamp and the curtain, making the atmosphere in the bend desolate and secluded.

and now the anxiety began to cover the French. The fall of the strategic region of Claude de Duboisville, which is located in the north, made Benton Duomold's position a threat. If Duomold falls, Ferdinand's defense could collapse.

Then the highest commander of the French Army, General Joseph Geoffrey issued an unquestionable order, the position must be defended in every way. In an official statement that spread all over the field, he wrote, "Every commander who ordered his pre-guards to retreat will be summoned to the front of the war council."

This is not just a threat, this is the ultimatum. There is no room for hesitation or doubt. Fergan must become the last standing wall before Paris.

Now the aid is beginning to flow without stopping towards the battlefield which is now called the Great Barrier House. General Geoffrey fully realized that defending Verdun means sacrificing thousands of lives. But in essence, it is better to lose the army than to lose France. Therefore, no matter how, the road to Paris must be blocked.

On February 25, 1916, four days after the German offensive in Verdun, the dual-mode flag, a symbol of the strength of the French defense, was successfully captured by the German troops.

The fall of this flag was a very big moral blow to France because the Duomo was not only a strategic position but also a national defense symbol since the French-Prussian war in 1870. On February 26, the German troops celebrated the achievement.

The soldiers took a picture of themselves on the top of the boulders and the military film crew recorded images to make it a victory propaganda. They described the Wormald boulder as an unbreakable boulder that now stands on the strength of the German military.

This moment was also welcomed with joy in Berlin, Emperor Wilhelm II immediately issued an official statement that was spread all over the country and the world, which was written: "Benteng, the capital of Ferdinand, has fallen." This news became the headline in various international newspapers. In English, Sunday Pictorial, which has over 2 million copies, quoted the title in the front page, which wrote: "Does Germany win in Ferdinand?"

The fall of the Dualmode flag triggered great concerns about the fate of the Ferdinand, even with Paris. For the Germans, this victory seemed to mark the beginning of the defeat of the French defense, but history proves that the Ferdinand battle has not ended yet and will turn into one of the longest and most brutal bloodshed in the First World War.

Meanwhile, in England, public opinion began to be filled with anxiety. The fall of the Duomo flag was considered a bad sign. Many began to believe that if the French defense line in Verdun collapsed, the entire Western Front could fall. The defeat of France would mean the defeat of the allies as a whole. King George V also voiced his concerns. He believed that the French defense was the key to victory.

If France gave up, then the hope of the British and his allies to win the war could be lost. Here it is clear, Ferdinand is not only a battlefield, but also a moral band of Europe. To keep the spirit of the people, the French press chose not to reveal the fall of the Duomo band. Instead, they turned public attention by announcing the presence of the German emperor in the front line of Ferdinand.

Meanwhile, Wilhelm II was worried because he knew that 20,000 of his soldiers had been killed in less than a week He immediately sent a message to the commanders in the front line to motivate the troops Hoping to revive the spirit of the troops to continue the war

After successfully conquering the Duwamaut fort, the German troops began to line up artillery in the Duwamaut hill, which is less than 10 kilometers from Ferdinand. And after all the artillery preparations and the rams were in position, Ferdinand was bombarded at great speed.

Now, Verdun has been ravaged. Many buildings are destroyed and the invaders try to evacuate themselves from the city so that the German fire does not cause more victims. Meanwhile, the French commanders began to realize how serious the situation in Verdun is. The defense system they built is at risk of collapse.

and the remaining population was forced to leave their homes. On the way, they passed by many very stressed soldiers and doctors who were heading towards the front line. George DeMille, a famous doctor and French writer, with his famous team, were in the front line of the battle.

They faced an extremely heavy task. They took care of people, both civilians and injured officers. In one day, they managed to do more than 100 emergency operations, fighting to save lives in the midst of the destruction that hit Ferdinand. Six days after the attack, precisely,

more precisely on February 27, 1916, the situation in the front line was very critical. France had lost the Duval-Malt flag and now they had to fight to defend the line of defense between Duval-Malt and Verdun. The 95th Infantry Regiment tried to fight, even tried to attack first.

In the French resistance, the French troops were unable to withstand the German movement Even the 95th Infantry Regiment lost 800 of the 1,000 troops in one day Knowing the destruction of the troops in the front line of Verdun, General Geoffrey sent as much help as possible He also pointed out a famous leader to defend Verdun He was General Philippe Pétain, who was then 60 years old

Seeing the front line of defense getting more and more concerned, General Pithain tried to arouse the spirit of the soldiers. He even provided as many drinks as possible to increase morale and entertain his tired troops. Even at that time, the number of drinks available was more than the amount of water as an attempt to give courage to the troops in the front line so that they are ready to fight and die for their homeland.

On March 4, 1916, two weeks after the German attack on Verdun began, General Pithain faced a very serious logistic problem. From his post of command in Soli, he saw that the only main road to the front line was completely closed. This road is a vital route to send aid and supplies.

Realizing the urgent situation, General Pitain took a firm move. He moved 4,000 trucks to carry aid and logistics from all French leaders to the front line. In addition, General Pitain also emphasized the importance of the rotation of the troops. He ensured that the judges got their rest time in order so that

still able to go a long way and maintain their fighting power amid heavy war pressure. Since early March 1916, the number of French troops in Verdun has increased drastically from 200,000 to 400,000 soldiers.

In this tense situation, General Pitein introduced a concept that he called the line of defense, a line of defense that bordered on the left and right of the Mius River, which he believed should not be crossed by German troops. And to strengthen the defense, General Pitein divided the front line into several sectors, then connected it to an organized communication network.

This emergency action managed to restore confidence in the French camp, although the conditions in the front line were still very terrible Meanwhile, heavy German weapons continued to rain on the French positions without stopping and not only that they also launched a gas attack around the region of Ferdinand, adding horror in the battlefield that was full of suffering

Ferdinand really turned into a duel battle until he died between the two strongest military forces in the world at that time. A brutal battle that symbolized the determination and destruction on a scale that had never been witnessed before. German troops who had not had a break since the attack began, began to show signs of severe fatigue.

Many of them fell in the battlefield, even losing consciousness. But the command is still firm and unrecognizable. They must continue to advance.

On March 5, 1916, exactly a week after the fall of the Guomolt fort, the German troops managed to capture a village located behind the fort. The village was now in ruins due to the battle of the French troops who were still there, finally captured and turned into a war zone.

The leader of this army was Captain Charles Duguele who was declared dead in the battlefield. There is no certain news of his whereabouts after the battle and the reported reports said that he died when leading the army in the front line. Even General Pitain had written an official statement stating

that Captain General de Guelle, who was known for his high intellectual and moral values, had fallen in battle for his service, he also had the honor of honoring Anumerta. But the reality is different, Charles de Guelle is still alive, he was caught in a wounded state and brought as a prisoner of war to Germany. This incident was the beginning of his long period of defense, as well as opening

just on the journey of a man who became a great figure in French history the next day on March 6, 1916 Germany launched the next major attack the focus of the attack this time was directed to the front line 6 km long on the banks of the Mios River a strategic area that became the entrance to the city of Verden

This attack marked a new phase in the German offensive, which is now getting closer to breaking through the French defense heart and entering the Ferdinand as full as possible. Meanwhile, on the other side of the battlefield, the French troops in the front line of the Ferdinand began to realize the German offensive movements. Accepting the threat, they immediately fired

artillery to the enemy position trying to stop the German troops before managing to penetrate deeper into the French defense area

The German attack on Verdun was led directly by the son of the German capital, Wilhelm Komprinz, who hoped to capture a major breakthrough in a short time. However, his ambitious plan did not work out as expected. His troops were trapped in a group of artillery fire and fierce resistance from the French troops. Therefore, the breakthrough that had been planned for a long time failed totally.

On March 10, 1916, General Joseph Joffrey arrived in Seoul to investigate the situation directly in Verdun. Although he admitted that it was important to defend this city, Joffrey still insisted that the actual strategic priority was the large offensive planned at Somme. Meanwhile, in the front line, General Pitain continued to send requests for additional troops and materials to defend the Verdun that was now in a state of destruction.

With full consideration, finally General Joseph Joffrey sent a aid boat with the only logistic route that could still be controlled, namely the main road 55 km long and 7 meters wide, which became a connecting line between the rear and front lines. The truck driver operated without stopping for 75 hours. The heavy load that was suffered caused the road to crack, collapse and be badly damaged.

To overcome this, General Pitain launched a large-scale repair project, the road was strengthened, expanded, and even opened a stone mine to support the work. This work involves reserve troops and colonial workers from Indochina-French. Their contribution is an important part of maintaining a living and sustainable logistics route.

And on the other hand, to support the survival of the soldiers in the front line, the French army took all the livestock from the villagers as food for the soldiers. However, for the villagers' dogs, they were specially trained to carry water, ammunition, catch rats, and even used as a protective mask.

Meanwhile in Paris, concerns began to grow among civilians about the fate of the priests and the people trapped in Verdun. And to ease the panic, the French press was given an important task, namely to convince the public that Verdun was still standing and the French resistance was still strong. And to keep the national spirit alive, the French newspaper wrote:

French dedicated the entire 11 March 1916 edition which depicted a man as a saviour and the news article stated that he was a person who was truly sincere and caring about the dignity of the jury. This French news article also attracted

German soldiers, and even German soldiers wrote a daily newspaper in Berlin that said that the battle was not between the troops but between the people and the victory would depend on two factors, namely hard will and courage.

On March 14, 1916, French President Raymond Poincar together with General Geoffrey invited Alexander the Great from Serbia to visit Ferdinand. At that time, the Serbian people were facing their own suffering in the front line in the Balkans, but the presence of the emperor in Ferdinand was considered important

to show that France was fighting hard against Germany. Although far from the chaos and destruction in the front line, Geoffrey was still confused with General Pitain, who accused him of absorbing too many troops that should be prepared for a major attack on Somme. Meanwhile, additional troops requested by General Pitain continued to come to Verdun. Every soldier carried a weight of 20 kilograms of weapons and equipment,

plus a bottle of water or 2 liter of tobacco and food 3 times the journey to the front line of the Ferdan was like hell without end climbing from the top of the hill to the peaks that had been destroyed by enemy artillery in this condition many soldiers lost their direction, even the map was no longer useful because the route they often passed had been completely changed by explosions

In the midst of this suffering, many of them began to feel angry with the pilots whom they imagined fighting with respect and far from the mud, rats and the smell of death in the parit. But the reality is different. Pilots in the Tempur-Verdan field involved in brutal and very close air combat. They often hunt at high speeds and often shoot each other from a distance of only 10 meters.

At first, the sky was dominated by Germany thanks to the Fokker Indycar fighter jet equipped with synchronized aircraft. This air domination made it easier for Germany to make a detour and bomb the French position. But the situation changed when General Pétain launched the Newport 11 fighter jet. Newport even balanced the Fokker.

French pilots like Gianna Farae began to oppose the domination of the German air, making the Verden sky into a new battlefield. again controlling the air into the hands of France, increasing the morale of the troops on the ground and strengthening their defense as a whole. The pilot who managed to shoot down five enemy aircraft is called Ace.

Ace who is most envied in Ferdinand is Lennon Gianna Farah who was 21 years old at the time Navarre is the first French racer to win more than 10 victories in the air he will win 30 duels before experiencing serious injuries he is often called the angel of the guardian of Hirsus or the guardian of Ferdinand

then on April 9, 1916 Germany again launched a fierce attack this time together on both sides of the river and the German artillery battalion constantly rained the French front line day and night without a break creating continuous clashes that shook the ground and the spirits of the soldiers

Previously in episode 3 on April 9, 1916 at night, Germany attacked France brutally on the two sides of the river Neuse with its artillery. When the sun set on April 10, the position of the French defense was seen without a single scratch.

The defense fleet was filled with officers and German troops began to move forward to take control of the area Meanwhile, far in the line of defense of the Ferdinand, the French troops began to cover up the feeling of frustration after knowing that many of their colleagues were lying on the banks of the Mius River Even General Pétain himself began to be hit by a broken arm, but in the midst of the pressure he

trying to burn the spirit of his army in his speech he said the German attack on Ferdinand was brutal but the spirit of fighting to defend France was unstoppable he also said that the French army was a brave army and would defeat the enemy Meanwhile, behind the front line,

the historian General Pitein immediately spread by propaganda apparatus. His words were burning with enthusiasm, "We dare to defeat them, as a symbol of resistance and the strength of the French army in Verdun." But not all parties looked at Pitein with admiration. At the big military headquarters in Chantilly, General Geoffrey began to feel satisfied with Pitein, who kept asking for help to defend Verdun.

the success of the PT in public began to become a very prominent figure for Jofri. Feeling his position was at risk, Jofri took a political step. He promoted PT by offering him a new job as the commander of the Central Army Group. Although it sounds like a promotion, actually this is a smooth way to remove PT from the center of the fight, making it still

not acting but far from the main focus so from that on May 1, 1916 General pitan officially replaced by General Robert nivella a 60-year-old man who graduated from the Institute of Polytechnic nivella was known as an ambitious figure but very obedient to his superior orders unlike pitan he didn't ask for much help but he actually got

more artillery support. Meanwhile, the Germans believed that the fate of the Verdun battle would be determined on the left bank of the Mius River. So throughout the month of May, they launched a brutal attack after attack with a major focus on a strategic mountain hill, namely Morph

which has a height of 295 meters and a width of about 1 kilometer. A position that dominates the view of the entire Meuse Valley, making it a key point in the battle. A lieutenant named Louis Maufrais, who is a 27-year-old Russian military doctor, was placed in the emergency room of Mautholm, and this will be the most terrifying experience of the war of Louis Maufrais.

Now, the time has come. On May 20, Germany launched a large artillery attack. For six hours, French troops were hit by artillery bullets without stopping. The blasts of the bombs hit the ground and the explosions killed the soldiers one by one. Bodies scattered in the battlefield, most of them were not saved.

Lennon Louis Mouffrice is still alive, but almost dead. He was badly injured, with a head and body injury. But what hurts more is not just physical injury, for those who survived, the mental condition was much worse. Many who lost control, trapped in panic, whisper hallucinations, and lost their mental health in total.

The Ferdinand Dome has now turned into a moving grave. The Dome is not just wet soil, but a mixture of blood, body, and human remains. It is a living shell that unites those who are still breathing and have fallen between the French and German troops.

War has created a terrible unity, namely life and death in the same swamp. Then Francis sent the priest George Canock to accompany the priests in the front line. His purpose was not to fight, but to give spiritual support, hear the confession of sin, give entertainment, bless those who fall and maintain the hope of survival.

living in a mess. France is one of the first countries that is involved in war and officially mobilizes its priests as part of the moral and spiritual care of the army in the battlefield. And right now, the French judges

Francis still holds hope that the situation will get better, but in fact the situation is getting worse. In Ferdinand, the army commander is now held by General Nivella. He came with a new strategy, accompanied by his loyal aide.

General Guy Lomat Nivelle wanted to start his leadership with a great victory so from that he pointed out one of his most prominent predecessors namely General Charles Meaghan who was 49 years old at the time his main task was

to recapture the dual mode band from the hands of Germany and thanks to the large mobilization of the French industry, the logistics that are coordinated neatly and the line of trucks that continue to flow, then millions of bullets were successfully prepared and now after three months since the German attack, finally France repulsed the big attack by bombing the German position in the dual mode band without stopping

After the brutal crowd of French troops in the Dualmoth bandit, made of stone and concrete that accompanied 2,000 German troops, sank into the ground. Then on May 22, 1916, General Charles Meaghan returned to lead his troops to once again bomb the Dualmoth bandit. This attack was planned as a big step to recapture the German bandit from the hands.

But without realizing it, the German troops quietly moved closer to the French artillery position. Their retaliation attacks were very deadly, resulting in about 4,500 French troops dying in a short time. But strangely, the bodies of the dead French soldiers were never filmed. The military photographer at the time actually chose to record the bodies of several German soldiers who were victims, and perhaps this is rare as a form of propaganda or

to maintain the morale of the troops and the public. Then on June 2nd, Germany launched a new attack and managed to penetrate the French defense to the Falkenberg, which is located only 8 kilometers from Verdun. In the Falkenberg, 600 French troops were deployed in a sad condition and their only hope was to

Merpati Pengembara who is one of the heroes of the Fawkes band. On June 4, the commander Reynald who led the French defense in this sector wrote a message that would be brought by his Merpati with the words "Evacuate us immediately".

Commander Reynald's Merpati managed to do something incredible. He flew through the bullets and poison gas with a thin body due to the incredible hunger and flow that led him to the Merpati's military house in Benteng Verdan. When the telephone line was cut off and the radio could not be relied on, Merpati became the only hope to convey the message of the leader alive and dead in the battlefield.

From here, an irreplaceable bond was created between birds and the army that took care of it. A full relationship of trust amid chaos. But not many people know, after the war ended, these birds were not only symbols of message and hope, but also a silent carrier for diseases that killed like the Spanish flu, a global pandemic that has taken tens of millions of lives, to the bird flu, whose mystery still envelops the world to this day.

The commander's coroner's coroner was honored with the highest honor, a Legion of Honor. But soon after that, the coroner was killed by the remains of the poisonous gas.

when France was struggling to defend the Ferdinand and their allies Italy was also under heavy pressure on the border against Hungary and to lighten the burden on the Western Front Russia began to attack the east so from that on June 4, 1916 the attack of Brusilov began one of the most deadly offensives throughout the First World War 600,000 Russian soldiers

plus 60,000 Cavalry rolled the line of defense of Austria-Hungary with great strength at the initial stage the Russian troops defeated the position of Austria-Hungary which fought alongside German units the attack succeeded in hitting the enemy back and captured thousands of Austrian-Hungarian troops as war tanks and now the long convoy of tanks began to be led to the back of the Russian line, the ordinary officer walked with a tired body while

among the soldiers was carried by a horse carriage news of the defeat of the Austrian-Hungarian troops and German units in the eastern front made General volkenheim take a dramatic step he ordered some of the troops fighting in the east to immediately move to the east to strengthen the line that began to collapse and for France this is the hope they are waiting for the reduction of pressure in the east

Although the Austrian-Hungarian troops received assistance from the German troops sent directly from Ferdinand, the Russian troops' attacks could not be stopped.

Meanwhile, on the West Front, although many German troops in Verdun had been driven to the Eastern Front, the attacks against the Fawkes flag continued. The constant pressure made the French troops in the dilemma, added again with help that had not yet come. Meanwhile, their condition was getting worse and finally the soldiers who were still alive chose to surrender and they became war prisoners.

After the Fawkes bandit fell into the hands of Germany, the troops began to plan a retaliation attack on other sectors. From then on, on June 22, 1916, the British and French troops began to prepare everything to attack the Somme sector.

thousands of mercenaries will launch tens of millions of bullets in a week and 20,000 troops from all the leaders of the British Empire, namely England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa, India, Rhodesia, Australia, and Newfoundland will advance to the front line. They all risked their lives in one of the most brutal battles in Somme. And on July 1, 1916, the attack plan in Somme was launched.

When the army was marching, the highest commander of Germany, General Erich von Falkenhayn, turned his focus back to Verdun. This time to launch the last attack that was desperate. Pressure from various fronts had controlled the power of the German army. But Falkenhayn still believed that victory in Verdun could change his path.

Verdan returned to the center of the fight, there in the middle of the collapse and the battlefield, Volkenhein depended on his last hope and now all the remaining strength was directed to break the last line of defense of Verdan, namely the Lasovilla flag.

Meanwhile, in Germany, the civilians were facing their own war. Behind the violence of the battlefield, the Germans suffered in silence. They were forced to work harder to finance the war. Meanwhile, food was becoming rarer because most of it was sent to the front line to be sold.

to meet the needs of the jury even transportation tools such as horses that were once vital to daily life were also sent to the battlefield as a result, the citizens were forced to look for irreplaceable replacements in Dresden, horses were replaced with circus zebras, eagles, even elephants to pull heavy-weighted flocks in desperate conditions, the animals were sometimes slaughtered and eaten to survive

On August 29, 1916, Emperor Wilhelm II took a big step. He replaced General Erich von Falkenhayn with Marshal Paul von Hindenburg as the highest commander. Hindenburg, a hero who had defeated Russia two years earlier in Tannenberg, and now leads with his right hand the great strategist General Erich Ludendorff.

These two military figures never doubted the victory of Germany. Their belief was strengthened by the fact that the German troops were still dominating 10 French territories and Ferdinand was a symbol of unbeaten victory. And for that, they were determined to take Ferdinand completely.

Now the German troops in Verdun were reinforced with the control over the Duomold and the Vaux flags, two important points of defense previously controlled by France. However, to consolidate the strength, the attack had to be stopped for a while. Most of the artillery was pulled back to be re-arranged in the preparation of a larger and coordinated continuous attack. Meanwhile, the French troops began to be ready to fight

returned to the dual mode band and the falx band and the colonial troops would play an important role General Charles Megan also sent this soldier along with other land troops to join the Hazard people in their attack on the dual mode band

As usual, General Robert Nivello, the commander of the Ferdinand defense, relied on the strength of the artillery in every maneuver. This time he lowered the most deadly weapon that the French had, namely the 400mm caliber Raksasa rifle mounted on the train rails.

the bullet was up to 900 kg heavy enough to destroy the concrete wall of the band and on October 24, 1916 after all artillery positions were prepared and the target was determined, the mariam mariam was fired after the mariam shot stopped at that time the infantry moved forward the French troops were rushing at a speed of 100 meters every four minutes

As a result of this attack, the Duomold band was successfully recaptured by the French troops in just four hours. Despite the great loss, a 400mm artillery platoon had destroyed the outer structure of the band and brutally defeated the German defense, and this is the first image.

first inside the band after being hit by a 400 mm caliber bullet at that time according to witnesses the great explosion and fire in the band had destroyed the morale of the German troops so from that when the French infantry advanced to attack they only faced weak and broken resistance and on November 2nd the Fawkes band was also recaptured by France

During the four months of the attack, about one million soldiers from both sides of the army were killed in the battlefield, a figure that reflects the madness of the war of paris. However, despite the large number of casualties, the army of the soldiers continued to launch a continuous attack.

intense artillery attacks opened the way for massive infantry attacks. Unfortunately, these two attacks did not produce significant results. The war zone was destroyed, the German defense was strong, and the army's fatigue made the effort to be wasted.

But behind this failure lies an important achievement that often falls from the corner. The attack managed to disrupt the German big plan due to pressure from the Allied attack, especially in Somme and the reprisal attack in Ferdinand before.

Germany was forced to share its strength and move troops from front to front, as a result of which the German defense in the Ferdinand weakened. And this is one of the main reasons why Germany finally lost in the bloody battle in the Ferdinand.

Ten months after the German attack on Verdun, which took place on February 21, 1916, France recaptured the main fort and the French command announced that the battle of Verdun officially ended. But in Somme, the war continued.

On December 18, 1916, after almost a year of war without stopping, the remaining German troops in Verdun finally surrendered. They are now walking in a long line. They are no longer as the subordinates of the invaders, but as the war guards who are now being led to the camp.

in every step of the German troops sang the song of the death of the Empire and this marked the end of German ambitions to conquer the Ferdinand

Now the inhabitants of Verdun were allowed to return to their city. Although the city was destroyed and wounded, they knew that Verdun had become a symbol of the courage and courage of the French people. At that time, many people began to come to Verdun.

parents, brothers, friends, and the robbers, following the history of the battlefield, looking for the traces of people they loved who disappeared during the war. They came with hope to find something like the name carved on the stone, the rest of the clothes, or any small signs that the people they loved were there. Those people no longer have names in official documents, they are only called statistics.

or the missing person but for those who come to look for every name is the world that is lost now we enter 1917 the suffering of the German people reached the lowest point due to the sea blockade carried out by the British so the food supply was cut off in total so that there was famine estimated more than 400 thousand German civilians died due to lack of food

food consumption dropped drastically, less than 1000 calories per day. Thin body and vegetable eyes became the daily sight in the German cities. Children were starving and the queue for bread was long until hours.

But behind this suffering, Emperor Wilhelm II and his elites still enjoyed luxurious food. They were far from hunger and suffering. Their concern was not about the fate of the people who were in trouble, but how to win the great war that continued to ensue on both fronts. In the west, the German troops were ready to face the British, French and his allies. And in the east, Germany faced Russia.

In the middle of the cold season that bites, Tisar Nicholas II is still in the front line trying to hold on to his army that is weakening Meanwhile, in Sainz Petersburg, the power of the country fell into the hands of his wife, Tisarina Alexandra. But his presence did not bring peace

just engulfed the people's anger. Tisarina was considered a foreigner, a German woman who was suspected as a spy. Kian's hatred was raging since the death of Rasputin, a mysterious doctor who was believed to have a mysterious influence on the royal family. He died in the hands of the Russian citizen himself, a victim of dark conspiracy because of his proximity that he suspected with power.

Russia is now not only politically divided, but also spiritually and morally. In the field of war, tragedy is inevitable. 1.5 million Russian officers were killed and almost 5 million others were injured. From that, the factory

in Kiev began to produce fake body parts for the veterans who were amputated. However, the factory, according to experts, gave hope, it became a symbol of national hatred. A symbol that the Russian body itself has been cut by the Russians.

In February 1917, the situation in Russia was getting worse, despair was spreading to the battlefield, the soldiers began to leave their posts, this was not because of fear, but because the war had lost its meaning Many chose to return home, to join their families, rather than die in a conflict that was never over

On February 23, 1917, thousands of women came down to the streets of St. Petersburg. They not only demanded food, but also protested hunger, suffering, and loss. Their presence triggered mass movements.

students and farmers also joined, even the soldiers who were responsible for controlling the masses joined the rebels, so that this feeling was turned into a social bubble that could not be overcome. And this protest marked a turning point in history, becoming the initiator of the Russian Revolution, a revolution that was not born from the strength of weapons, but from hunger.

the determination and will of the people who could no longer be dismantled, even his own words stated that the people and the army united peace, life, republic and the old regime was established and on March 15, 1917, Nicholas II officially took the throne after more than three centuries of rule, the Romanov dynasty finally collapsed in the midst of a revolution that was not in the air at the last moment as a ruler

recorded the silent moments of Nicholas with his four daughters and the only heir to the throne, Tisarevic Alexei, a weak male who suffered from hemophilia and was considered too weak to lead an empire. Nicholas even tried to find another replacement, realizing that the throne could no longer be inherited as before.

Meanwhile, in the capital, the conflict continues to grow, people not only demand change, they demand extinction, the end of an old system that has plunged Russia into a war and suffering

The temporary government formed after the abdication of Tisar was dominated by the moderate with a strong influence from the Ministry of Justice Among the main figures who stood out was Alexander Kerensky, a socialist who was known for his bold but pragmatic nature He played an important role in considering the fate of Tisar, whether he would be justified, alienated, or saved from the clutches of the masses

Meanwhile, Nicholas II, who is now in the house, tries to find protection. He asked for a marriage proposal to his cousin who was in England, King George V. However, the proposal was not accepted. Behind diplomatic considerations and political pressure in England, the blood relationship was not enough.

King George V was worried that giving a chance to the emperor could trigger a riot in his own country. In the midst of the revolutionary movements that began to flow into Western Europe,

including the British, the step was considered too risky. To maintain the stability and popularity of the British monarchy, Nicholas's request was left unanswered. And now the question is, will the Russian Revolution end the war?

and the answer is no because Krensky, the head of the temporary government, actually needed the support of the British and French to defend his power. He knew that leaving the war could mean the loss of legitimacy from the eyes of Western allies. Moreover, Krensky was an idealist who believed in the spirit of patriotism. He believed that military victory could be united amid the chaos of the revolution. So he planned a new attack.

hoping that success in the field of war was able to unite the Russian people, even though the country was now filled with democratic and Republican factions that were competing. Meanwhile, the German army, the Hungarian Kingdom, also suffered. Almost all cities suffered, such as Prague, Krakow, Lemberg, Budapest, Zagreb, Sarajevo, and Vienna. The people were starving due to the blockade.

In Vienna at the end of the previous year, Vienna buried his king, Franz Joseph I, who died at the age of 86 after ruling for half a century He lived long enough to witness the destruction he had to release from the murder of Sarah J. Vought in 1914 and now becomes a heavy burden inherited to the new king, namely

Carl I who was 29 years old at the time Carl took care of his kingdom's plight after the defeat and many demands for independence from his people such as Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia Carl tried to understand that fact he visited the front lines saw himself bloodshed and poverty and there was born hatred in himself against war

Not only because of the destruction that occurred, but because he knew that this war could destroy his country from within, so he opposed the next attacks that could eat many victims of the soul.

Carl and his wife Zita, a non-Catholic Bourbon Parma nationalist, only wanted one thing, peace. They realized that the border would not last if the war continued to burn. Carl, who was raised in values of faith and moral responsibility, realized that his war was no longer a war for honor, but a war for peace.

war for the sake of power. He saw how the Russian revolution fell and destroyed the rebels all over Europe. And he said with a glance to his advisors, "If the wave of revolution does not stop, it will destroy everything. If we kings are not at peace, then the people will do it on top of the leaders."

In March 1917, Karl took a step that proved it. He quietly sent a peace offer to Paris through his cousin, the Prince Sictus of Bourbon Parma. This offer proved French and English

A emperor who was still in power offered peace without a condition. But there was one point of conflict, Karl refused to make an agreement directly with Italy, an old enemy that was now part of the Scudu. So from there the peace negotiations collapsed. The last attempt to save the empire from destruction failed and the wheel of history continued to turn towards collapse.

Meanwhile in Berlin, the German Empire was in a hurry

the emperor William II had just heard news of a secret peace offer from his own ally Austria-Hungary for William this is a subtle betrayal of an alliance that has been ruled by blood and war now without a fight he also began to be miserable and even threatened to invade his own allies if Austria-Hungary walked without his own

Feeling pressured, Wilhelm tried to take the initiative. He proposed an open peace offer, an arms race with the condition of status quo, where Germany would still defend all the territories they had ruled, such as Belgium, most of northern France, and of course, Alsace-Lorraine, which has long been a symbol of German nationalism.

but this offer was accepted coldly France rejected it without reason for them it was not peace it was a threat to the diplomacy this rejection worsened the situation of the German military in the front line the battlefield was bad behind economic and social pressure was getting harder Marcel Paul von Hindenburg the face of the old German war was getting less and less able to control the situation then the real control fell

in the hands of a more ambitious and far more dangerous figure, namely General Eric Ludendorff. But General Eric Ludendorff was worried about the attack and the riot that broke out because of the incident in Russia.

Meanwhile, the ammunition factories never stopped operating. For the last three years, the machines kept rumbling day and night. Inside, working women who were tired. They were accompanied by the soldiers who could no longer return to the front line. Not because they didn't want to, but because their bodies were not complete. Like missing legs and broken limbs. But the war didn't end.

care as long as they can still push the bullet trolley or fill the messiah they are still considered useful while elsewhere General Ludendorff saw the only solution to the victory of Germany as soon as possible made the British kneel down with the strategy of the war of the submarine was closed and this decision would

changed the course of history 100 German submarines U-boat ordered to launch an attack without mercy their target is not only warships but all merchant ships including neutral countries and this step clearly violates international sea law German Ambassador Batman Hallweg began to feel anxious the war policy of submarines without limits that has just been carried out is not just a bold move

but also a diplomatic bomb time he knew very well attacking neutral ships especially those of the United States would cause great consequences and indeed his fear was not without basis he saw his country starting to lose direction military strategy now ignores political and moral calculations in his view Germany is no longer fighting to survive but

trapped in a war of the naked without moral compass or diplomacy now German submarine ships have been ordered to shoot torpedoes at every ship that entered the United States including American ships at that time also the German submarines made cold calculations if Germany could sink 500,000 tons of

per month, then the UK, which depends on food and fuel imports, will be in a slump for six months and if America decides to join the war, they estimate it will take a full year to form an army and send it to Europe. So for Berlin, this is a big strategy and the first Atlantic war is soon to come.

started. This submarine commander is considered a new hero to Germany. One of the most famous figures is waldhar von arnold della periere he is a French immigrant who became a Prussian citizen in historical records

he and his submarine U-35 managed to sink about 200 ships with a total weight of more than 500,000 tons he even noted the list of ships that had been destroyed every time they managed to sink the submarine crew to celebrate the victory without thinking about the fate of the enemy's sailors who they had sunk the merchant ship did not have a chance to fight the enemy who was hiding under the surface

German U-boat like a sea ghost appeared without warning, destroying without mercy. Even 1,700 French officers on the Galia crew could not fight. The submarine captain, Lord Harvon Arnaud de la Perriere, carried out his task efficiently and with a cold heart. There is no place for sympathy, there are only targets and results.

On March 9, 1917, three American merchant ships were sacrificed in the Atlantic. The explosions hit far into the White House. President Woodrow Wilson, who had previously tried hard to maintain American neutrality, was finally faced with a historic choice. He needed a reason and the Germans gave it.

For Wilson, this is not just about the sinking ship, this is about the value of France, the birthplace of the Declaration of Human Rights, the place where the spirit of freedom first ignited, and if France falls, then democracy itself is being attacked. Then Wilson speaks not as the president of a neutral country, but as a protector of the principle of peace.

America has the right to shed blood for the principles that gave birth to happiness and peace and that is the most valuable treasure Not only because of the principles, Wilson wanted to help France and England because the two countries owe the United States as much as $ 2 billion This debt will not be paid if Germany wins the war with the submarine war strategy but America takes advantage of its neutrality

After a long economic crisis, the American industry developed thanks to exports to Europe. Rotan, cotton, and most importantly explosives for the war industry.

America became a power and Wilson wanted to play his role in the world that is at war. Moreover, indeed in 1916, when the campaign for the election of President, Woodrow Wilson promised the American people, especially to the 6 million German voters, that America would remain neutral and not participate in the war in Europe.

This promise made him re-elected as president. At that time, most of the media and the press also rejected the military involvement. The Americans were not ready to sacrifice their children in foreign lands. But everything changed in 1917. American merchant ships began to sink by German submarines. Then the Zimmerman Telegram was broken, which showed that Germany offered assistance to Mexico to seize

back to America, it became a big blow to the public opinion and now Wilson faces a big question how to change the public opinion without being seen breaking promises this telegram gives the wisdom that Wilson needs a reason to bring America out of his neutrality policy with a more and more tense Wilson also stepped forward

to convince the Senate that this is not just a regional conflict, but a fight to defend the principles of freedom and global security.

On April 6, 1917, the Senate finally approved the declaration of war on Germany. From then on, the United States officially entered the war camp, combined with great power. The British Empire, including Canada, Australia, and its dominion, France, and all its colonies, Russia, Italy, Belgium, Serbia, Greece, Portugal, and Japan. And since then, this war is no longer only owned by Europe, now

war really became the world war on April 24, General Joseph Geoffrey, the hero of March from France, arrived in the United States on an official visit to strengthen the military alliance. His arrival was not just diplomacy but also a symbol of a historical bond between two nations. At that time, the American people welcomed him with enthusiasm and deep admiration.

French enthusiasm is not without reason they still remember the great service of the Marquis de la Vette, a young French nationalist who came to help America in the War of Independence in 1781 and now with the same historical spirit the Americans are excited with the sentence Lafayette we come a sentence that was turned into a cry of war for the American soldiers who departed for France

And at that time in the whole city, the French, British and American flags were waving in support and a banner that wrote "Darkness is too good for Sihun" A sharp edge for the German army and proof that the spirit of war is now really burning the whole world

behind the great enthusiasm, the cadets began to fight to defend democracy as well as the great power and the paradigm of military strength but in fact America barely has troops the number of soldiers is only about 125,000 people including 15,000 truly trained marines, so from that the reluctance is very needed

they also imitated the English step by spreading the most famous propaganda poster, namely showing the figure of Paman Sam who was pointing directly to the reader while saying I want you to join the

United States targeted 1 million volunteers to join in the war, but after 6 weeks only 80,000 registered for America, the journey to the battlefield is still felt far away, remembering the horror of the war of the brothers who ended 50 years ago still stuck in the veins of many people

Therefore, the recruitment program was relaunched again. However, in the beginning, the training of the volunteers was done as it was, often without direction and without adequate equipment. The only person who really knows what he is doing is the trainee.

at least a variety of even weapons and weapons made of wood make training feel like a challenge for many warriors this training is more like a children's game not preparation for a real war while on the other hand some warriors train to fight like street fighting

rely on the way to survive the life they learned in the village of the field but what awaits them is not ordinary war but a real war

war with artillery strikes, poisonous gas fires and mass deaths something that is far beyond what they have ever known then a much more serious problem arises there will be no troops or supplies that can reach Europe if German submarines continue to drown the ships of the fleet this situation forced America and its fleet to make firm decisions the cargo ships must be armed and the system of the

In this system, the crew moves in a large group controlled by a destroyer, namely a small-sized warship, but fast and agile. With high maneuverability and trained personnel, they are able to detect the submarine's periscope and act quickly.

to intercept the German U-boat attack. This wrecked ship was equipped with an inland explosive, namely a drum containing explosives dropped from above the ship to destroy the enemy submarine under the sea surface. As a result of the attack by wrecked ships, losses on the German side also increased. The convoy system proved to be effective, allowing the flow of ships to England and France to continue more safely and regularly.

In the summer of 1917, France had been in war for three years One of the major disasters occurred near the town of Crone in an attack known as the Cemindès d'Amès Air attack and tactical failure caused a devastating moral crisis

not only among the French troops but also impacted the spirit of the British troops. The French officers did not understand why their commanders did not learn from the suicide attack, a mistake that continued without calculating life.

Now we go to the remains of General Pitain, he is now shown as the 5th soldier, he is known as a wise figure and treats the officers with empathy. He is very different from many other generals at the time. The French military department even covered the popularity of Pitain among the army. On various occasions, Pitain managed to bite off the officers' fingers,

with them and smoked cigarettes at the soldiers. His calm but serious expression reflected his pride as a leader for the soldiers. Pitain is not just a commander, he is a father who is full of understanding. He is often present in the front line, calming the anger of the soldiers and giving hope in the midst of the long war. But on the other hand, the military discipline

was firmly established, the military court has sentenced 3500 cases of desertion from that number 1380 were sentenced to long-term prison sentences 600 were sentenced to death and 57 prosecutors were really executed like this rare image

During the 2017 Semih year, it is estimated that 10 million letters flooded the battlefield that came from family, friends, and friends who were far from the front line. And for many jurists, those letters became a small bullet in the middle of the darkness, the rustle and the rustle of the bullets, reminding them that there is life waiting for them to return.

But they also realized one thing, that is, every word they wrote and every sentence they read, may have been read by the government censor, making it not only a personal letter, but part of the war itself. In June 1917, thousands of soldiers finally got a chance to go home, a decision issued under the command of General Pitang.

This decision was not actually a form of kindness, but a violation of the rules that have been ignored so far, that every pre-judge has the right to seven days of rest after four months of duty. This demand was initially voiced by a deserter, and Pitain chose to enforce the existing regulations. From then on, thousands of troops began to pack,

including a priest named Gaston Lafis, 40 years old, who had been on duty in the field of blood for months. Finally, he could return to kicking his feet in Paris. As they arrived in Paris, the priests began to realize the bitter reality. As they wandered in the battlefield, the condition of Paris was just getting more and more worrisome. The city that they once knew as a symbol of beauty and life is now covered with difficulties, hunger,

and fear. From here, a collective awareness grows among them that war not only spills blood in the front line, but also fills poverty in their own land.

In addition, many judges who have long been without intimate relationships, this makes many women entertainers have to serve more customers, often with very cheap payments. For the judges, this is the only entertainment in the midst of the pressure of war. In fact, entertainers must serve up to 50 men in one day.

Then we go to the documentation of the French military film that records the lives of the judges of the northern front. After passing through the bitterness of the battlefield, they managed to relax on the northern beach on the banks of the city of Dunkirk. This rare moment shows their humanity in the midst of the shadows of death when the laughter and the waves of the sea replaced the throbbing of the waves.

After the officers had fun, they returned to the defense base, which was a shelter and a place of despair. Many troops fell into high mental pressure and this caused a discerning bubble or a soldier who left his military duty without permission. As a result, the French troops lost their power to launch the next attack.

But in the midst of this desperate break, the arrival of the first wave of American troops brought a new hope for France. The American troops crossed the Atlantic, despite the threat of the German submarine U-boat kept on calling. The American Expedition Commander, General John J. Pershing, who was 57 years old at the time, became the first leader of the group who sailed in the Boulogne on June 13, 1917. His arrival was warmly welcomed.

his figure who was arrogant and arrogant immediately attracted the hearts of the French people in Paris he was welcomed with a sigh of relief and great hope that the long suffering would soon end the first symbolic action was also exciting he and Marshal Geoffrey gave respect at the Lafayette grave

On June 23, 1917, the mayor of St. Nazareth issued a statement with the message that in a few hours the American troops will be stationed in St. Nazareth. The officers and citizens must give a warm welcome and spread the American flag to honor because the United States of America and they are at war with the same ideology, namely justice and respect.

At the beginning of his arrival, American soldiers wore their special camping hats, but over time, for diversity and protection, they began to wear English helmet models. Despite this, the American troops are still easy to recognize. Their relaxed, friendly smiles and style make the French people call them "Semi", referring to the American national symbol, namely the "Pamansam".

On the contrary, American officers called the French "codok" because of their custom of eating exotic codok legs Meanwhile, France and England wanted to force General John Pershing to unite the American troops into a French unit

but General John Pershing refused he wanted to fight for the position of the American army but as a substitute for helping France General John Pershing assigned the unit of the black skin unit of America the African-American officers who arrived in France were surprised by the warm welcome from the

France in this foreign country they were treated as allies as humans a experience that contrasts sharply with their own life on the ground United States where in the same year they were still living in the shadow of racial oppression segregation and discrimination but in this foreign war they found respect that they never knew in the countryside

Meanwhile, on the other side of the front, American troops faced serious challenges Their training program was considered not suitable by the instructors from England and France It takes time, discipline, and fighting experience to form the young American soldiers into a tough army Moreover, they also experienced severe lack of weapons

America was not able to meet its own military needs. They were forced to buy from their allies 2,500 Marines, 11 million artillery, 5,000 machine guns, 200 million guns, 4,500 fighter jets,

and the most decisive is 235 unit tank Rinald FT. This tank is a technology breakthrough, the first armored vehicle with a full-fledged MRIAM tower, very crucial for the offensive strategy designed by General John Pershing. To finance this massive purchase, America launched a large-scale obligation program, Liberty Bonds sold to the people. Legendary comedy star Charlie Chaplin,

character The Little Tramp appeared in public inviting them to buy the obligation to finance the war

So was France, with various ways of asking to buy war bonds. Their campaigns were full of images and symbols. Posters showed the flags of united countries working together to suppress the enemy. Until finally the German emperor kneeled. The results of the sale of war bonds made the war financing plummet, even 50 times bigger than in 1914.

large industrial entrepreneurs such as Renault, Ford, Kraft, and Citroen became very rich. In the District Around This Man 15, Paris, Citroen's factory produces up to 26 million rounds of bullets. In this factory, thousands of female workers work hard for 11 hours a day, including on Sundays with very low wages.

Then on July 1, 1917, the fifth King George arrived in the European continent. This is his 400th visit to the front line at Pasirdekat Hill, North Sea. There he was welcomed by the Belgian army.

The Belgian King Albert I, who was also present, received a bitter statement about the state of his country, which was largely occupied by Germany. Albert I was George V's cousin, both of whom came from a German nationalist family. But because of his increased hatred of Germany, King George V decided to change his family name, a name that was still used by the British royal family until today.

At that time, George V was very worried about the attack of German submarine U-boat that caused starvation and killed many English citizens. Therefore, he had to find a military solution. And the solution was to take the U-boat experts of Germany in the Belgian territory, especially in the city of Alstom and Bruges.

Now the British military leaders are preparing a large attack on the Belgian territory. Their commander is the dogless-hack field marshal who is nicknamed by his own troops as the "Jagal of the Somme" because of the many victims in previous battles. The morale of his troops is at a critical point.

the lowest number of 306 parit officers have been executed for refusing to climb the stairs to conquer the open area, a mission that is almost certain to end in death a few weeks earlier in April 1917, Canadian troops attacked the Vimy Mountains, a strategic area in France

The attack was successful, but at a very expensive price. 10,600 Canadian officers were killed or injured. This great sacrifice is hard to replace, even by the rebels. In Canada, London's plan to expand the rebel program throughout the kingdom provoked anger. In Quebec City, a large riot broke out that caused four people to die. A sign that support for the war began to burst even within the country itself.

Meanwhile, British Prime Minister David Lloyd George, who was 54 years old at the time, opposed the attack plan on the strategic area of ​​Flanders, where the strongest German defense was there along the front. British Prime Minister Lloyd George was known as a smart moderate leader, but behind his calmness he was covered in a sense of anger because more than 200,000 British officers had been victims.

At that time, he wanted to hold on to the next attack and wait for the American troops to be ready to fight. Unfortunately, he failed to convince the senior generals who were stubborn and narrow-minded

they still held on to the old strategy as if blind to reality. A new attack was also planned based on the battlefield, not on the real condition on the field. Their target was to break through the German defense line through the village of Paschendale, a name that was clearly a symbol of suffering and unending turmoil. And on July 31, 1917, the attack began.

This attack was actually just a repetition of the old scenario, an old strategy that was repeated over and over again for the last three years. But this time, the British launched a large artillery raid that they had done. More than 4 million bullets were fired at the German position, four times more than during the Somme war.

After 15 days of artillery fire without stopping, the British began to move the tanks to the front line. As many as 100 Mark IV tanks with a weight of 3 tons moved forward, each equipped with three machine guns or machine guns. These tanks moved without interruption, breaking through the barbed wire and opening the path in the middle of the mud and the wind. Behind him, two British main troops moved, helped by French units on the wing, launched a direct attack on the German position.

This attack continued until it finally stopped because of the extreme weather at the end of July. The heavy rain turned the Becek area into a mud sea. But the situation on the field changed immediately. British tanks began to be trapped in thick mud, making it a target for the German's Meriam 77.

The German troops also took advantage of the opportunity. They approached the destroyed tanks and dismantled some of them, taking anything that could still be used. Because at that time, Germany was in a state of crisis due to the heavy blockade.

from the soldiers, so every metal piece is very valuable to them to make tanks. Now we enter September 1917, the military leaders continue this madness. Week after week, the Douglas Haig marseille continued to command attacks, even though the battlefield had changed into a sea of ​​snow.

which was likely to add suffering to the front line. Meanwhile, communication cables were totally cut off, making the communication messy. Only birds of prey could pass through the shooting area. They brought terrible messages to Douglas Haig. Messages that revealed how bad the condition in the battlefield was and which eventually the message reached the hands of the government.

while on the front line in the Chandale Pass in the initial plan of the Douglas Hague marseille, this small city should only be captured within the first hour of the first day of the attack, but the reality is far different, it takes three full months of fierce fighting and unimaginable suffering to pass through this sector, but in the end the Canadian troops managed to capture the Chandale Pass after passing through the

The city was covered in blood in the middle of the rain and shooting without stopping. Now we can see the result of the powerful attack of the Allied troops in Paschendele, a city that has been ravaged almost flat with the ground. This view shows how terrible the attack was. Not only did it destroy the German position, but also destroyed the entire city.

causing destruction and sadness in every corner. It is estimated that 217,194 fellow soldiers were killed only to capture the area of ​​5 miles away. Meanwhile, on the German side, the number of victims is estimated to be close to 300,000 people. British Prime Minister Lloyd George then concluded that Paschendele would always be remembered as one of the bloodiest and most wasted battles in history.

A Canadian field doctor, John McRae, witnessed the unmentioned war horror. From that experience, he wrote In Flanders Fields, one of the most touching and enchanting poems about war. This poem not only depicts death, but also the voice of those who have fallen, asking that their struggle is not wasted, and every person who is still lucky to survive.

can only hope to wait in silence waiting for the day of liberation. In the fall of 1917, the United States officially joined the First World War on the part of the alliance consisting of Britain, France, Belgium, Russia, Japan, and Italy. At that time, Italy was at war against Hungary and Austria with the aim of taking over the territories of Trento and Treste.

In the Alpine mountains, the Italian troops faced a very heavy and full of suffering terrain. Most of them were farmers and factory workers who had not yet experienced great battles. They were led by General Luigi Cardona, a commander who was known for his stubbornness and cruelty in making decisions.

Cardona's leadership left a black mark in history. It is estimated that between 300 and more than 750 Italian soldiers were shot to death by his own colleagues, just to set an example and maintain discipline. This policy is a symbol of how brutal the war is for his own soldiers. Cardona's leadership, known as cruel and brutal, forced Italian soldiers to complete tasks that were almost impossible to complete, including carrying heavy weapons

to the peaks of the 10,000 feet high mountain. These slums were built to welcome the Hungarian army. Although the Alpine mountains are a strategic position that is difficult to reach the enemy, the Italian army still applies traditional defense strategies, the guard, the guard and the guard post. But the difference is that the soldiers here are not protected in the mud like in Flanders. They are buried in ice and snow that covers the body day and night.

At that time, some of the priests used their bayonets to carve a simple altar in the middle of the snow as a place of worship for the Mkhleetor priests. In the silence of the frozen mountains, they still held on to faith. For them, prayer and faith are not just rituals, but the final protection in the midst of an unknown war.

After the continuous attacks from Italy, the Hungarian army, which was left only in a small number, fought hard to defend their position in the front line and finally, in a desperate condition, they asked for help from the Kaiser Wilhelm army to prevent total destruction.

on October 24, 1917, aid from Germany finally arrived. Among the soldiers who were sent was a 26-year-old young lieutenant who was well known around the world as one of the most brilliant commanders in history. He was Erwin Rommel, a German marseille candidate in the future. Rommel and his troops immediately moved to break through the Italian defense line. For Rommel, the speed

and the depth of the attack is the key. He believes that the further they go into the enemy territory, the less time it takes to crush the enemy and the easier it is to fight. This principle is the characteristic of Rommel's tactics. Fast, deep and deadly attacks, even in the midst of the difficult Alpine mountains. The attacks launched by Rommel and other German troops managed to capture a lot of defense from Italy.

This success was a turning point that destroyed Italy's morale and defense structure and this was the beginning of a major destruction on the Italian front. German and Austrian-Hungarian joint forces quickly moved down the Alpine mountain range,

captured the city of Capretto without resistance in less than 10 days they managed to advance 50 miles into the Italian region a lightning strike that caused and struck back the entire line of Italian defense in November 1917 German and Austrian troops hungarian continued to suppress the remaining Italian defense until forcing them to retreat to the north

In the chaos and panic that hit, about 275,000 Italian soldiers surrendered a military disaster that had never happened before for Italy. Many of those who were shot were actually blaming not the enemy in the battlefield,

except for their own leader that their enemy is Cardona not Austria-Hungary but General Luigi Cardona who refused to admit his failure actually reported that his troops were lost in the fight but it didn't take long the pressure from the government and the public opinion made him removed from office after the siege of Caporetto the siege of Caporetto left a deep mark not only in the history of the military

but also in the world of literature. This event is well known through Ernest Hemingway's work with the title of "Everworld Through Arms", a novel that depicts the mess, despair, and absurdity of war. At the age of 19, Hemingway became a soldier in the Red Flag Ambulance Unit of Italy. He is not an armed soldier, but he is in the forefront of suffering.

pulling blood-stained bodies from the wings, carrying his fellow soldiers to the pain and witnessing the long line of wounded victims that never ends. Hemingway saw for himself how the Italian troops returned to chaos, some were buried in several places,

while others were suffering from pain in the trucks full of debris. Some lost their limbs, some could no longer speak, and many could only look empty because their eyes had seen too many deaths. The great defeat in Caporetto

October 1917 not only shook Italy militarily, but also triggered a widespread crisis of trust in the country. The spirit of rebellion began to grow, especially among the leaders who had lost hope and trust in their leadership.

And now, the desertion is increasing, morale is falling, and some areas are hearing the sound of revolution, a dark shadow that reminds of the fall of Tsar in Russia. Seeing this situation, the leaders of the allied countries, namely England, France, and the United States, are seriously worried. They are worried that Italy will follow Russia's track and withdraw from the war, which will open a big gap in the southern front and strengthen the central bloc position.

As a quick response, in November 1917, the leaders of the troops held a emergency meeting in Rapallo, Italy. In this conference, a joint command structure was formed known as the War of the Spirits. Its purpose is to coordinate the military strategy between the countries of the troops and provide real assistance to Italy so that it does not fall completely.

then the British and French immediately sent reserve troops, weapons and logistics to strengthen the Italian defense line in the Piave River, the withdrawal of General Luigi Cardona was replaced by General Armando Dias who slowly restored the trust of the Italian military, although the wound caporetto had not healed, these steps became the starting point for the return of the Italian uprising and ensured that they

in the ranks of the allies until the end of the war, the arrival of the Italian allied troops brought a flash of hope in the midst of the destruction of the English and French troops who previously fought on the Western Front, are now being strengthened to strengthen the line of defense of Italy and restore the fallen morale with their presence, the pressure on the Hungarian-Austrian troops began to increase at some points

The Allied troops not only managed to stop the enemy's pace, but also returned the situation, beating back the ranks of the Austrian-Hungarian troops and taking a large number of war defenses.

The soldiers who were escorted by the army came from various ethnic backgrounds and nations that were united in the Hungarian-Austrian Empire. Starting from Czechs, Slovaks, Croatians, Romanians, Poles, and Bosnians, they are part of the multinational empire that erupted from within.

Most of them have been fed up with the war that is not in their favor, which they no longer consider theirs. In their hearts, many of them no longer fight for the emperor, but fight to get out of slavery to become a free nation. Many armies began to flee from their duties, even some of them fought against their own unity. The love for their nation is getting stronger, replacing the loyalty of the

to the government in Vienna. For the soldiers, giving up was not something embarrassing, but a way to achieve freedom. The Caporetto incident was not only a turning point in the war, but also a sign that the Hungarian Empire was falling from within. In the midst of the war that was getting more and more uncontrollable, Emperor Charles I of Hungary visited the front line with Emperor Wilhelm II of Germany.

both wanted to see the situation of their troops directly and what they found was a war face that began to lose its spirit and confidence for Carl 1 this condition was very worrying he began to realize that the multinational empire led by him was in a state of destruction, afraid of the mass riots that were raging among the non-Germanic armies, making him increasingly encouraged to seek a peaceful path, Carl 1 was still

tried to offer peace and negotiation, both openly and silently. He hoped there was still a way to stop the war before it all collapsed. But not with Emperor Wilhelm II. He had a different view. Emperor Wilhelm II was still trapped in his big dream, namely the final victory. He believed that a big attack could save Germany and its allies from destruction.

From then on, Kaiser Wilhelm II, together with his generals, arranged a strategy to win the war before the United States was really ready to go down to the battlefield with full strength. The first step that Germany took before launching a large attack on the Western Front was to get Russia out of the war zone.

If Russia is forced to retreat, then German troops that have been tied to the Eastern Front can be moved to the West to strengthen their strength for the last attack against Britain and France.

In this strategy, General Erich Ludendorff, the most influential military figure in Germany at the time, played a key role. He understood that the internal destruction of Russia could be a weapon to subdue Germany without having to shoot bullets. Under his command, Germany quietly facilitated the return of a revolutionary Russian figure who was still living in exile in Switzerland to Sainz Petersburg.

He is Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, or better known in the world as Lenin. At that time Lenin was 47 years old, a radical politician who for years urged the working class to overthrow the Tisard government and replace it with the power of the communist people. With a sharp calculation, Germany decided to finance Lenin's party and facilitate its return to Russia using a train

closed borders that passed through Germany because although the Nicholas II T-shirt was rolled in February 1917 by the February Revolution, the new Russian temporary government led by the liberal and moderate socialists still continued the war

against Germany with his allies. In that situation, an unusual alliance appeared. General Ludendorff did not support Lenin's ideology, who wanted to eliminate personal ownership, fall into a war and establish a proletarian state. But one thing from Lenin that attracted his attention was the promise to pull Russia out of the war in total.

For Ludendorff, it was an invaluable strategic offer. He believed that Lenin's presence in Russia would destroy the spirit of nationalism, accelerate the revolution, and break the Russian military from within. Ludendorff was once told in a cynical way, "If he can destroy Russian patriotism, he will hold him and all his friends." In other words, Ludendorff did not believe in Lenin, but he was willing to use him as a tool

destroy the enemy from within now Russia has been destroyed because of war the country is in a state of panic the people are hungry the economy is poor and the army is in a mess in the battlefield cities are filled with long queues for a piece of bread and villages are exhausted of labor because young men are dead or

to the front line. In this mess, a voice appeared that echoed the old tradition, Vladimir Lenin, the Bolshevik leader who had just returned from exile, uttered a simple but compelling demand, namely peace, bread, land, and independence. The four words, peace for a country that is tired of war, bread for a hungry people, land for the oppressed farmers, and independence from the tyranny of the Tisarmis, were also in tune.

The words became the slogan of the revolution. For millions of Russians, these words are not just political promises, but the last hope in the midst of the collapse. Lenin accused the Krensky administration of extending the occupation of the Tisar period.

On November 7, 1917 or October 25 according to the Julian calendar that was still in use in Russia at that time Vladimir Lenin led the coup that was known as the October Revolution This event became an important turning point in the history of Russia and the world In one night, the temporary government formed when the power of the Tisars collapsed was forced by the Bolshevik people, a radical revolutionary faction led by Lenin

This revolution not only ended the power of the transition government, but also opened the way for the establishment of the first communist country in the world, which was controlled through a brutal and full of violence authoritarian regime. Lenin and his party believe that to create a classless society, extreme action is needed, including the use of terror

to eliminate political opponents and form a new social order. This belief did not suddenly arise. Lenin has been organizing the revolution since the failure of the 1905 revolution by stating that violence is a true tool for social purity. In practice, this policy was immediately implemented. One of the most terrible symbolic actions is to execute the entire family of the Russian Empire including Tsar Nicholas II, his wife and children.

The Russian Empire, which was once one of the largest and most influential kingdoms in the world, became the first great kingdom to fall, not only because of the pressure of the First World War, but also because of the social and revolutionary strife within the country itself. The October Revolution then became the starting point of a series of major events, including the Russian Brotherhood War and the birth of the Soviet Union, which would form the geopolitics of the 20th century.

On December 15, 1917, German and Russian troops left their defense lines, crossed the border and shouted at each other in peace. This scene occurred because of the communist regime that had just taken power in Moscow after the October Revolution had signed the agreement of arms strike with Germany. The Bolshevik government led by Lenin tried to stop Russia's involvement in the ongoing war.

they took the process of peace negotiation with the aim of ending the conflict and bringing focus on domestic affairs including defending power and running a revolution agenda so from there in the city of Brest-Litov, precisely at a train station located about 65 miles from Warsaw, peace talks began

on December 22, 1917 at that time Germany was in a friendly attitude towards the communists but behind it all actually they had a clear goal namely forcing Russia to surrender the territory in large numbers but from Lenin's point of view the loss of territory is not the main thing he believes that the territory can be sacrificed in order to get one thing that is much more important, namely time, time needed

to build a revolution. Lenin realized that the civil war could break out immediately. The Russian army, which previously loyal to the Empire, was not necessarily supporting the Bolshevik power. Therefore, the communists had to buy time with the hope that the revolution would also spread to other countries.

For almost three months they negotiated with the central forces, namely Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Sultanate, and Bulgaria, and all parties demanded part of the Russian territory, even Germany itself threatened to continue the war if the demands were not met.

Finally, Lenin sent Leon Trotsky, a close colleague and important figure of Bolshevik, to agree on peace terms. The Brest-Litov promise was signed on March 3, 1918. As a result, Russia lost almost 400,000 miles of its territory and lost about a quarter of its total population.

Regions such as the Balkans to Poland were freed from the control of Russia and then the regions began to be independent. Ukraine also left, but was likely to be involved in the war against the Bolshevik army. Meanwhile, from the German point of view, General Erich Ludendorff managed to achieve his goal. With Russia officially out of the war,

then all German troops from the Eastern Front would be moved to the Western Front, strengthening their attack on France before the American troops arrived in full. For Kaiser Wilhelm, Hindenburg, and Ludendorff, this is a new game. Outside, Russia gave the Germans a rare opportunity to divert its full focus to the Western Front and try to end the war with victory.

In March 1918, despite the hunger to defeat the Germans due to the blockade of the troops, many 2 million soldiers were moved from the Eastern Front to the West. And for the first time, the number of German troops on the Western Front exceeded the strength of their enemy's combination, the British, French, and other troops. Now the German high command felt that their dreams since 1914 could finally be realized, uniting the

full strength in one front, destroying the defence of the allies and forcing the war to be completed according to Berlin's will. Ludendorff, as the architect of the German military strategy, organized a series of large attacks along the front lines and this was the beginning of the semi-season offensive in 1918, a desperate effort but full of calculations to break the enemy's defence before the United States deployed its troops on a large scale.

and now it's time on March 21, 1918, the German troops began to implement their new tactics where the German artillery troops bombed the enemy positions and after bombing in a short time, the infantry troops were ready to attack following the way Erwin Rommel was young in a battle like in Caporetto in the front Italy

For the first time since the beginning of the war, the line of joint defense was successfully broken. The German troops' fast and brutal attacks broke the formation that had been going on for years on the Western Front. For three days in a row,

the German troops continued to move forward without stopping, destroying villages and forests and destroying the enemy's defense position. There was no time to dig a new trench, there was no hope to survive, and in the end the German troops managed to reach a distance of only 75 miles from Paris. Then the German troops prepared the next attack, this time from the air,

For the first time in war history, they used long-range bombers as replacements for Zeppelin, a giant air balloon that had previously destroyed the skies of London and Paris. As a result of the air bombing that launched German troops in Paris, about 200 civilian civilians were killed. Death coming from the sky and the hustle of the city of Paris made the French military realize that defense could no longer be built on the front lines, cities must be saved.

and as a response, the French military started a secret and ambitious project, namely to build a fake Paris located about 50 miles outside the capital. This simple but brilliant goal created the illusion of a fake city that could provoke enemy bombs from the sky.

This fake city was designed in detail, covering fake mines, fake train tracks, even fake trees that were installed on wooden fences. And not only that, this project also gave birth to a new industry, the production of large-scale camouflage networks used to hide factories, ammunition warehouses, and important military positions. Thousands of French women were employed to sew and chain these networks, making camouflage not only a military strategy,

but also national movements. The Paris fake city project, which continued in the midst of war chaos, became a symbol of creativity in facing destruction and proof that in a modern war, illusions can be weapons. Then on March 29, 1918, the Paris sky looked calm, no enemy aircraft were seen.

But the calm was deceiving. In the middle of a normal day, the San Xave church, one of the old churches in the heart of the city, was destroyed by a huge explosion. As many as 91 people were killed and 88 others were injured. And that was one of the most deadly attacks on civilians in Paris during World War I.

The confusion immediately surrounded the people, there was no sound of aircraft, no warning. Then where did this attack come from? How is it possible that enemy artillery, which is known to be dozens of kilometers away from Paris, can intercept the capital city precisely and kill it?

The question was immediately answered, the Germans were using a new weapon called the Kaiser Gutsitz or as it was nicknamed the Paris Gun This is a giant cannon that can shoot bullets up to more than 120 kilometers away The strength of this weapon is not only in the extraordinary shooting power but also in the psychological effect it produces

Paris, previously considered safe from artillery attacks, is now in danger. Even churches and civilian buildings have not been turned into targets. Meanwhile, in the north, Canadian and Australian troops helped evacuate civilians from the threatened area.

emergency situation pushed England, Paris and Belgium to unite their forces under one command. Philippine General Pitain, who at that time led the French Army, was highly respected by the Allied troops. However, French Prime Minister George Clemenceau, who was 77 years old, who was nicknamed "the tiger",

Pitain was too careful. Pitain previously insisted that he was waiting for the arrival of tanks and American troops before launching a major attack. But in the end, on April 14, 1918, the political and military leaders agreed to show General Ferdinand Frantz, who was 66 years old, as the highest commander of the joint forces. He was assisted by his representative, General Maxim Wigan, a clever figure.

during World War II, became a controversial figure and was not wanted in the French military leadership. Vought then visited the US headquarters in East Paris to ask General John G. Pershing to immediately send all US troops to the battlefield.

But here, General Pershing rejected the reason that his army was not fully ready before 1919. This rejection also made the atmosphere of the meeting cold, although both of them were still trying to smile in front of the camera.

felt annoyed with the rejection of the fox cynically said that Pershing could only sit still until France and England were defeated but the clear reason for General Pershing's rejection of the request for a vote was because he did not want to sacrifice his army in the war of paris which has been proven to eat a great sacrifice as a replacement he had prepared a different strategy namely open combat in the open field of the

dynamic movements and great support from the air force to break the formation in the front line and General Billy Mitchell was ready to bomb Germany when General Billy began to carry out his actions, the fighter pilots became the main focus on the front page of the news. News of their courage aimed at calming the people's panic at home and finally the

This flight also received many praises and became a symbol of national pride Meanwhile, former car racer and personal driver of General Pershing, Eddie Rickenbacker, became a famous ace with 26 wins in air combat But on the other hand, France lost one of its legendary pilots, George Guinevere, who was shot down after gaining a reputation as an air hero

Other pilots also record amazing history, such as René Vaughn from France won 75 victories and Billy Bishop from Canada recorded 72 victories. But the most feared opponent was the German ace, Manfred von Christoffel, known as the Red Baron, with 80 victories. He is a pilot who really understands the true meaning of air combat.

Thanks to the blood of the Russian nation flowing in him and the color of his flying plane, he was nicknamed the Red Baron. Von Reitstofen flew the legendary three-winged fighter jet, which is known to be superior in maneuverability and speed. Then on April 21, 1918, Von Reitstofen was ready to take off with his plane equipped with three engines, each fired synchronously with the spinning of the wheels.

But when he flew past the English defense line, he was chased by an enemy pilot and because his flight was too low, he entered the range of Australian air strikes, so a bullet managed to pierce his heart. Von Risshoven's death immediately spread and the army welcomed him as a great victory, both militarily and morally.

A figure who has been a puppet in the skies of Europe, finally fell, marking the end of one of the most legendary ages in the history of war flight. The loss of the Red Baron was a heavy blow to the morale of the German people and the situation became worse when the German military movement stopped due to the loss of logistics lines. Supply is no longer coming, the mercenaries are hungry

and many warriors complained because their fruit children stopped fighting in search of food in their respective sectors, such as in Cemen des Dames, which ironically, the food and livestock had been consumed by the German troops a year earlier and they did not spare anything to be eaten.

From time to time, lucky soldiers may find a thin old donkey, but they still have to survive in the condition of food and water shortage that has been affected by the decaying corpses, where the place of the cuman grows massively. Human movement in large numbers in the battlefield, plus the condition that is dirty and dense, creates an ideal situation for the worst outbreak since the Black Death in the 14th century, namely the Spanish Flu.

This disease is called that because it was first widely reported by Spanish parts that were not under the borders of war news. The Spanish flu spread rapidly to North America, Africa, Asia, and all of Europe, killing about 30 million people around the world.

In the front line, this disease attacks all fighting parties and is estimated 200,000 British, 400,000 French and 500,000 German troops collapsed due to the epidemic. This makes Ludendorff lack of troops, so he ordered the injured or newly recovered officers to be sent back to the front line and empty the military hospitals.

Kaiser Wilhelm II had given up the Iron Cross medal after winning the first in one of his missions. But the joy immediately turned into concern because his troops were not able to break through the enemy's defense line, even facing the great crowd of his opponents. Then on April 23, 1918, in the Mio Saimihela, which should have been a quiet sector, suddenly the German troops attacked the position of the United States.

The surprise attack killed about 650 American soldiers and this made General Pershing furious. He immediately ordered a counterattack. In this operation, one of the field artillery units was directly led by Captain Harry S. Truman, who became the President of the United States.

In the counterattack, American soldiers managed to snatch German paratroopers, proving their ability to fight in a brutal battlefield. They also recorded the moment of capture of their first war battalion.

General Pershing may have made sure his troops were not joined into the army, but he could not avoid them from a one-on-one battle to defend their position. One of them happened in the Biloh Forest, where on June 26, 1918, the American Marines managed to stop the enemy's movement, but at a very expensive price. The Secretary of the American Navy, Josephus Daniels, witnessed the battle and wrote to

to President Woodrow Wilson that the Marines fought with the American style, but every attack only brought the bodies of their fallen colleagues until they themselves fell. So the essence of the message is that the great sacrifice of the American Marines, they kept moving forward even though they knew there was a high possibility of death, until finally many of them really fell in the battlefield.

In the history of the Marines, there has never been such a battle, fighting day and night without sleep, often without water, and daily without a ransom. That also made them lose three-quarters of their company members. Then on July 15, 1918, the German officers received orders to continue their movement. At that time, they realized that they had to face the American troops

A new, fresh and powerful new soldier, very different from the German army that had been at war for almost four years. This difference is more noticeable because the American troops have much more complete resources than the German troops that are starting to lack everything. General Ludendorff realized that he was no longer superior in the number of troops, but he still showed his last strength. About 600,000 soldiers were ordered to attack from the side of Reims towards Paris.

Germany again crossed the same Gondola as in August 1914, as if repeating the beginning of the war. But this time, in the front line of the army, Marshal Calvert was waiting. He joined all the forces of the army to launch massive counterattacks, hitting 1 million officers and 500 tanks, including the British Mark IV and the French Rinalde FT, which were also used by American troops under Commander-in-Chief Colonel George Patton.

And from here the second battle of the Marks began. A beginning that was not realized, became the opening for the tactics of the war of the future. The combination of tank and aircraft attacks that changed the face of the battle in the 20th century.

The second battle of March became a witness to unbearable suffering. Artillery explosions and gunfire filled the battlefield with badly injured soldiers and some trapped in a body that was destroyed without limbs or legs, but still alive. These tragic stories are what inspired the novel Johnny Got His Gun, an anti-war work that is heart-rending.

Then on August 8, 1918, the tankers quickly crossed the German defense line, hitting the retreating troops that had approached Paris. This attack came suddenly, supported by infantry that moved fast behind the barbed wire. The Germans who had run out of tanks and reserve officers were unable to withstand the pressure. In the count of hours, their position began to collapse and that day was known as Black Day for the Army.

Germany Germany lost about 150,000 soldiers including 40,000 who were captured by an army attack on August 8, 1918, breaking the morale of the troops and destroying the confidence of the German command. Ludendorff himself called that day the darkest day in the history of the German army for many soldiers in the front line, the spirit of struggle began to fade while this news of defeat spread rapidly

Berlin, grew a pessimistic feeling among the people and the government. Now Ludendorff has no choice but to hold out as long as possible. the fleet of troops headed for the German border. Meanwhile, Hungary was trapped by a bunch of allies from France, England, Italy, Serbia and Greece

from Salonika to take over the Balkans and on the other hand the Ottoman Empire was also at the tip of the cliff. The English troops advanced towards Damascus with the support of Arab allies and at the same time conquered the territory of Turkish power in Palestine. Then on September 30, 1918, the Arab troops entered Damascus under the leadership of Emir Faisal Putra Hussein, the emperors of Mecca. At that time, Faisal was 33 years old, winning the victory

his courage in the battlefield as well as his mysterious advisor, Thomas Edward Lawrence, an English intelligence agent who is well known as Lawrence of Arabia. Lawrence's mission was to raise the Arab revolution against the Ottoman sultan by offering weapons and the promise of independence at the age of 30 years old. He was already a fasi in Arabic, he wore traditional Baduy clothes so that he would not

easily known and with his love for the desert he managed to lead the Arab guerrillas to launch a quick attack on the vital lines of Turkey. But the English promise was never really fulfilled. After the war, the territory promised to Faisal was divided between England and France. Syria and Lebanon fell into the hands of France while England built a new country called Iraq and that left deep disappointment for the Arab fighters who had sacrificed.

And to relieve tension, the British placed Faisal on the throne of this newly rich country. However, Faisal never forgot the disappointment of the figure he knew as Lawrence of Arabia, because the promise to return his late kingdom was never fulfilled. For him, the wound was deeper when he remembered the success of his grandmother in the eighth century, when the Arabs once conquered most of the world under the name of Islam.

The pain was increasing when the British managed to take over Jerusalem, then they supported by placing the Jewish population in Palestine. However, ironically, the British government also broke other promises to them, so that they planted the seeds of conflict that are now difficult to suppress.

Then in early October 1918, the eastern and northern French region had collapsed due to a massive counterattack that took place along the front line. This condition forced American troops to launch an attack in the Argonne, Miglios, Champion, and Picardy areas. Meanwhile, the British troops together with the Australian Cavalry moved forward towards Cambrai, while Belgian and Canadian troops continued to press until they reached Moncks.

The end of the siege attack made many cities destroyed, Rams, Ypres, Arras, and Argan became witnesses of how the war trampled on civilization and left ruins. Thousands of soldiers were buried in the battlefield, while civilians endured unimaginable suffering.

lost family, home, and hope in the midst of a war. Meanwhile, in the front line, more and more German soldiers surrendered. The last effort to defend the defense has failed completely. Their leaders are still trying to make sure that defeat is impossible. But the reality is different. The army that is too young to fight

and those who are too old to survive only feel tired and despair. For most, giving up is actually a relief because they no longer have to live in the propaganda shadows that are constantly being ridiculed. Meanwhile, the Red Crew returned to Germany to record the revolution and at that time, many naval troops began to make a desertion and the revolutionaries took over the city-cities.

big cities so that the strong German empire slowly collapsed from the inside Ludendorff the war architect felt the breaking of the more and more vast power in his personal way he started talking about the need for weapons but in front of the people he

to guard his throne, to defend the unbeatable military status. Until finally on October 25, 1918, Ludenroff announced a harsh proclamation which eventually became the beginning of a myth that has haunted German history, namely the legend of the stabbing from behind. For Ludenroff and Hitler, Germany was never defeated in the war.

They believe that defeat comes not from the enemy, but from the betrayal of civil politicians in the country, a belief that was then used as a fuel for revenge, hatred, and the birth of a greater tragedy in the future.

The new socialist government immediately removed Ludendorff from office. The former general, who was so powerful, finally ran to Sweden, leaving the battlefield that was already in the hands of his own ambitions.

Then on October 29, 1918, Kaiser Wilhelm II left for Belgium, to the Grand Chamber of the General. There he tried to make sure that his army was still standing firmly behind him. But the reality in Berlin had changed. The regime had changed and the voices became harder to demand him to leave the throne.

For many parties, especially the US President, Woodrow Wilson, there was no room to negotiate with the Emperor, the person who was considered to be most responsible for the war that was raging in Europe. On November 9, 1918, Emperor Wilhelm II finally took the throne and fled to the Netherlands. With his departure, a great kingdom ended as well as the fall of the German monarchy.

Meanwhile, in Austria-Hungary, fate apparently did not go away. The royal gold train, which used to be a symbol of prosperity, is now only a calm. The people of Vienna who used to be in a daze welcoming the beauty of the play of Shurizita, are now too weak by hunger to just ignore.

In the middle of the war, the Hungarian army was hit by Italy in the battle of Vittorio Veneto, a defeat that broke the rest of the success of the old empire. The great Hungarian kingdom was like a warship weighing 20,000 tons, which was sunk by the Italian torpedo. Emperor Karl and Zita finally left the throne.

and went to exile, covering the history of a monarchy that had been so powerful in the heart of Europe. And on November 11, 1918, Marshal Ferdinand Vought arrived with his private train in the Compiègne forest, northern Paris. In this tunnel, which is far from the camera, there is a group of the German temporary government who are holding arms. And from here, Germany admitted defeat and asked to end the war.

The agreement stipulates that the arms race took place at 11:00 in the morning and when the bell rang at 11:00 on the 11th day of the 11th month of 1918, the riot was stopped, the weapons were opened and the first world war finally ended. And at that time the world was freed from four years of terror, although the wounds left will remain forever.

World War I swallowed up unimaginable victims. More than 75 million people were sent to war zones. 10 million of the prisoners never returned. From Portugal, 7,000 were killed. Belgium, 13,000. Bulgaria, 90,000. United States, 120,000. Serbia, 130,000.

Romania 200,000, Turkey 350,000, Italy 450,000, the British Empire lost 900,000 soldiers from Canada, Newfoundland, Australia, New Zealand, India, to South Africa. Austria-Hungary lost 1.2 million of its troops. France with its colonies from Senegal, Al-Jazeera, Tunisia, to Morocco, a total of 1.4 million soldiers.

Germany lost 1.7 million, while Russia even more terrible, 1.8 million soldiers. And not only that, 20 million soldiers returned to the wounded or disabled, while 8 million civilians died during World War I.

But on that day, when the war was finally stopped, the world welcomed the arms race with great joy, trying to cover the wounds of the heart as if they wanted to forget that they had just passed the first major massacre in human history.

The leaders then began to carve memories of the war by building huge monuments. They chose to depict brave soldiers who advanced with the spirit of sacrifice for the prosperity of the land. However, they never sacrificed the fire brigade that supported their own troops to continue to the death field. There is no monument for the ranks that were forced to run in the middle of the rain of bullets, even though it ended in mass slaughter. The monuments

to convince us, the next generation, that the fall of the land is a glory. But behind the beauty of that narrative, hidden is the bitter reality. The stone and statue keep millions of wounds that have never been really healed.

Then on December 13, 1918, in Paris, Prime Minister George Clemenceau and his cabinet awaited the arrival of the US President, Woodrow Wilson. For the first time in history, a US president left his homeland and crossed the Atlantic. The atmosphere at that time was still tense, the war had ended, but the true peace had not been achieved. Many questions have not been answered, many new conflicts have begun to emerge, and now the world is suffering.

America. When he arrived in Europe, Wilson's first step was to lead his troops to General Pershing. He whispered, "I'm not sure everyone likes to see me." Wilson realized that his presence brought hope as well as anxiety. America now appears as a dominant power in the world's mirror. Wilson introduced his great idea, namely the right of all nations to determine their own fate. But this idea actually triggered a wave of demands.

the birth of new countries, and the change in the border map. As a sign of sympathy, Wilson visited the city of Rams. He stood in front of a destroyed cathedral, a symbol of war wounds. From there he continued his journey to other areas that had been torn apart, witnessing the suffering left directly by the first major war in human history.

Then the American, French, and British presidents argued about the international body that was designed to prevent war in the future and they called it the LBB or the League of Nations. Then on June 28, 1919, at the Palace of Versailles, five years after the murder of Dissara Jevo, delegations from all countries that were at war with Germany sat together. After a long negotiation, they were ready to sign a treaty.

peace, this famous glass hall was chosen for the sign and here too before that Wilhelm I was appointed the Crown Prince after defeating France in 1871 with this full symbolic background, the German representative had to sign the Versailles Agreement and then Hitler called it not an agreement but a dictation symbol of deep wounds that he often used to burn the spirit of revenge for his nation's revenge

After the war ended, the Allies immediately divided the German colonies among themselves. They also forced the burden of repairing the war that was very big for Germany. But the agreement caused a lot of criticism, one of which came from the famous British economy. He reminded, "If we mean to make Germany poor, let their children grow up hungry and starving because of revenge,

then I dare to predict that the plague will not be born from a weak nation but a generation full of hatred. However, for George Clemenceau, the most important thing was for Alsace and Lawrence to return to French hands with the rule of the rich region of the Western Stone in the Sarres. Meanwhile, Hungary was removed from the map

The great empire was also broken, some of the territory was given to Italy, while the rest gave birth to new countries between 1919 and 1922. Germany was forced to lose some of its territory, the country was even divided into two by the Polish Corridor, to give Poland access to the sea. On the other hand, Russia was not invited to the referendum at all, the country was in the midst of a blood-thirsty brotherly war.

which eventually gave birth to a new power, the USSR or the Soviet Union. After the conference was over, Wilson flew back to America. However, on the land of his own birth, the agreement was strongly rejected. Congress refused to ratify it. A senator named Philander Knox even reminded Wilson that he was sure the agreement they made would not bring peace, but instead cause a more terrible war.

Meanwhile in London, England felt itself as the only large kingdom that was still standing strong. King George V, Prime Minister Lloyd George and Marshal Calvert celebrated victory. But behind the euphoria, there was a difference of opinion. For England, the main goal was to prevent the war from repeating itself. But for France, whose land was destroyed by the invasion, there was only one way, namely Germany had to be punished as hard as it was.

Meanwhile, in Germany, all generations of children grew up with a feeling of shame. They saw their parents being humiliated, their country forced to bow, political instability, poverty, and inflation that drove the people of Germany even worse. They felt that the Versailles Agreement was not peace, but a sign of humiliation.

In that atmosphere, a dangerous belief was born that Germany had to rise again and from that collapse appeared a figure with words full of fire who promised success and revenge. He is... ALDO HITLER

Hitler was the first veteran of the World War. He felt the bitterness of defeat, the poison gas, and the humiliation of Versailles. In the years after the war, he saw Germany starving, its economy collapsed, and its people lost hope. Here he began to talk. With a fire-filled pidato, Hitler convinced the people that Germany was not losing in the war,

but betrayed by the civil politicians, a myth that he called "the backstab". He also promised to eliminate Silas' wounds, rebuild military success, and give people pride. Slowly, many people who were disappointed and angry began to believe. From the revenge dream, the new war seed was planted.

In the early 1920s, Germany was in a state of recession, inflation destroyed the value of money, people had to bring a pile of paper money just to buy bread. Political unrest and instability were getting more and more rampant. In the midst of that mess, Hitler found his stage. He joined the small German Communist Party, then turned it into a Nazi Party. With the symbol of swastika and the SA banner, he built a movement that was disciplined and frightening.

Then on the 1923, Hitler tried to seize power through the Kudeta Birhal de München, but the effort failed and he was imprisoned. It was in prison that he wrote Mein Kampf, a book that contains ideas about superiority, hatred of the Jews, and the ambition to dominate Europe.

Hitler called the Jews as the "sword of defeat in war", as the economic rulers who oppressed the small people, and as the brain behind international communism, which is considered to threaten the world. In his lecture, he described this hatred not only politically,

but a struggle to live and die Since then, Nazi propaganda continues to instill hatred doctrine Schoolchildren are taught that Jews are a dangerous race The media is filled with posters depicting them as enemies of the nation

and slowly, Germany began to believe that to rise again, they had to destroy one eternal enemy, namely the Jews. But when the German economy was back to normal, people began to forget about Hitler. But the big crisis came again in 1929, namely the Great Depression. Millions of people were unemployed,

people gave up and the Nazis rose again offering a simple solution, which is to make Germany big again. Then in 1933, through a combination of crisis, propaganda, and political games, Hitler was finally elected to be the Chancellor of Germany. And from here it opened the way to World War II.

Dunia menulis kata akhir Tapi tinta itu berkeri Dan luka masih mengangat Seperti parit-parit yang penutup Watch menatap diam Kaiser Wilhelm tenggelam Dalam bayang-bayang keasingan Dan lu dendong Ia tidak mati Ia mewaris

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Thank you.

The first to be more systematic from the start until the names change. But Churchill, Roosevelt, they are not rescuers. They are only saviors on the same road. The road that was burned by the destruction before. Berlin was burned. Hitler left. Leave. Still alive.

And now we know that the world war never really ends. It's just waiting for a new name, a new face, and a new reason.

Because as long as humans have revenge and history is ignored, blood will flow again.