Ekonomi Kelas X Bab 1: Konsep Ilmu Ekonomi (Pertemuan 1)

[Music]

Hello everyone. Today we will

discuss the first chapter of

economics in grade 10. The material is

about the chapter on the concept of economics. So,

what material will

we discuss in this meeting? Let's

just continue, okay?

So in this meeting there will be

four topics that we will

discuss. The first is about

economics. The second is about motives,

principles, economic actions. The third

major economic problem. And the fourth is

various kinds of needs. Let's

go straight to the first topic,

namely economics.

So, do you know what

economics is? You must have

heard the word economy before. Maybe

when you hear the word economy,

it is synonymous with money, but it turns out that

economics is not that narrow. Well,

there are many things we can learn from

this economy. So, we have to know first

what the word economy

actually is?

So, the word economy comes from the

Greek word oikonomi. Well, oikonomy

comes from two words, oikos and nomos.

Oikos means household and nomos

means rules. So,

this economy has two meanings, in the narrow sense

and in the broad sense. Well, economics in the

narrow sense means household rules

. Meanwhile, in a broad sense,

economics is related to

human activities in fulfilling their needs.

So, later we will discuss

what activities exist

in the economy and how to

meet their needs.

So, now that we know what

economics is, we also need to know why

we need to study economics. So, the

goal of studying

economics is to fulfill needs

in order to achieve prosperity by

prioritizing more

important needs. So, in this economics lesson

we will learn to separate

needs, wants, and

so on. need. Well,

we will discuss this later.

Well, there are several economic activities that

you need to know. The first is

production activities, the second is

distribution, and the third is consumption.

So, what is production?

So production is the activity of

changing raw materials into

semi-finished or finished goods. People

who carry out these production activities are

called producers. Well, what you need to

remember is that this production adds utility value.

So, as shown in this picture, you are

making

bread, right? Previously, the raw materials were

flour, eggs and so on. When it

has gone through the production process, its

utility value will increase, namely when it

becomes bread that you can consume. Well,

that's what is meant by production, it

can add utility value. Well, the

second is distribution. So, distribution

is the activity of distributing a

product, whether goods or services, from

producers to consumers so that the product is

widely distributed. So,

after production, how do you

get it to the consumer? Namely

through the distribution process. For example,

the factory is in the city of Jakarta.

So, how can we ensure that people

throughout Indonesia can use this

product? Well, one way is

to use this distribution. So,

from Jakarta, the

distributors brought it to cities in

Indonesia. Well, the people who carry out

these distribution activities are called

distributors. So, as mentioned earlier,

production adds utility value or

changes raw materials into

finished goods. Meanwhile, distribution

means distributing a product. Well,

let's move on to consumption. If consumption

is an activity that reduces or

uses up the utility value of a good

or service. Well, consumption is the

opposite of production. If

production increases utility value,

consumption reduces or even

uses it up. Why reduce or

spend? Because

we consume it like that. For example,

if there is food after we

consume it, does the food still exist?

No, right?

The food will definitely run out. Well, for

example, if we use an item, will the

item get better over time

? No, right? Certainly, the

longer the item is used, the

less useful it will become and it could even get

damaged. So, that's why consuming is

called reducing or

using up utility value. Well, people who

carry out this consumption activity are called

consumers.

We move on to economic motives, principles, and

actions. So, what is a

motive? So, motive is the reason

or drive to do something.

So, when you do something, there

must be a motivation, there must be a

reason why you do

it. Well, that reason or drive is

called a motive. Well, there are two motives,

there are economic motives and non-economic motives.

So, if this economic motive consists

of wanting to fulfill needs,

gain profits, and so on.

So, there's a reason. Meanwhile, for

example, non-economic motives are motives

based on sincerity without expecting anything

in return. So, for example, if the

economic motive is to gain

profit, it is said that economics

does not expect any reward.

The second is that there are principles. So,

this principle is the basis or hope for

someone to take action. So,

when someone does that action,

what is the basis for it? Well, in this economy

there is a principle. The economic principle

states that

you should get the greatest results

with the

smallest sacrifice.

So, if you ask,

what is the principle of economics? Get the

greatest results with the

smallest sacrifice.

Why is that? Because with

this economic principle we can

maximize profits or benefits.

Well, then there is action. Well,

this action is an activity or

action that someone does. So,

if this action has been done.

Well, previously the

principle was basically like that. So, what is the

basis for us doing

things like that? So there are

motives, principles, and actions.

So, to better understand the

difference between motives, principles, and

actions, let's go straight to the

examples. Well, here, let's say you

want to sell.

So, why do you want to sell?

Because they want to make a profit. Well,

because here it states a

reason. This means that wanting to gain

this benefit is a motive or

reason. Well, so when you do

something there must be a reason, there must be a

motivation. Why do you want

to do that? Well, that's called a

motive. Basically, if the

motive is related to the reason

why you want to do that

. Well, the reason is to

make a profit. So getting

this benefit is the motive or

reason you want to do something.

So, secondly, for example, how can

you make a profit? So,

by applying the economic principle of

obtaining the greatest possible results with the

smallest possible sacrifice.

Well, then here's an example.

You remember that the economic principle is

to obtain the greatest possible profit

with the smallest possible sacrifice.

Well, the sacrifice here could be that the costs

incurred are as

minimal as possible so that you can

achieve maximum profits. Well,

for example, there is wholesaler A selling one

dozen for Rp. 25,000, R000. Meanwhile,

wholesaler B sells it for IDR 15,000.

So, where will you decide to

buy? So, which one do you think? Which is

in accordance with the basic economic principles

. So, you

must have a basis for doing this action. So,

because at wholesaler A it is Rp. 25,000,

while at wholesaler B it is Rp. 15,000, ma'am,

according to the economic principle, we will

make the

smallest sacrifice possible, namely by deciding

to buy at wholesaler B because the

price is the cheapest. Well, when

we decide to buy from wholesaler

B, it means that it is an action.

So, that's the action he's

done. So, actually

doing it is called action. I

will buy from wholesaler B. Well,

that means he has already done or taken

a decision to buy from wholesaler

B so that is called an action.

Do you understand the difference between motives,

principles, and actions?

Okay, let's go straight to the

third discussion, namely about the main

economic problem. So, you have to know what the

main problems in the economy are. So, the

main economic problem is only one, namely

scarcity. So, this scarcity

is the gap between needs and the

means to satisfy those needs, so this

creates economic problems. So

if you ask what is the economic problem

? That is scarcity. Well, so

you must have often heard about

this rare thing, for example, like the item is

rare. when the needs are many, the

community's need for an item is

large, while the item itself is

only small so that not all

people can have

that item. Well, that's called

rare. So, it's hard to find, it's hard

to find.

Well, there are several causes for this scarcity

. The first is

the limited number of objects that satisfy

needs. Second, damage to

natural resources caused by humans. Third, the

limitations of human ability to

process resources. Fourth,

human growth is faster

than the ability to provide the means to meet

needs.

Fifth, natural disasters. Sixth,

differences in geographical location. Seventh,

population growth is unbalanced.

Eighth,

low production capacity. Ninth,

technological development is ongoing. L. So,

now that we know what

scarcity is and what the causes of

scarcity are, here we will discuss

how to overcome scarcity.

The first is to create a

priority scale of needs. The second is

determining alternative resources.

Third, manage finances

efficiently.

Fourth, take advantage of

technological advances. Fifth, utilize

substitute materials.

And sixth, recycle or

reuse. So, these

are the ways to overcome

scarcity. So, to create a

priority scale of needs, we have to

determine which needs are the

most important. So, as

humans, we must not be greedy so that

scarcity does not occur. Because scarcity

can occur due to

human greed. Therefore, we

must be able to differentiate between needs and

desires, and between the

most important needs and the

less important needs.

So, how do you

prioritize your needs? So, the order of

needs is arranged in a structured manner

based on the level of need that must be

met immediately. So, which of these are the

most important? So, the first way to create a

priority scale is to

write down all your needs. So,

first write down what your needs are.

You guys write first. After

you have written down all your needs, then

arrange the needs in order of

importance. So, when

you first write it down, you have to

remember what your needs are.

It's not arranged yet, right? Then you

read it again and you arrange which is

the most important to which is the least

important. Then the third is to

make a note of the need for fund allocation.

So,

how much funding is required for each need?

The fourth is choosing the needs

that provide the most

optimal benefits. So, if for example

your needs don't

provide much benefit, you can

put them aside for now. Then

the last thing is to fulfill all

the needs according to the list that has been

determined. So, you have to

fulfill those needs in sequence,

starting with the most important ones. Then,

after the most important ones are

fulfilled, you can fulfill the

additional needs. So we

must remember that we must not be greedy

so that scarcity does not occur.

So, in order to be able to organize

our many needs, we

must be able to divide or

group them, sorting

them from the most important

to the least important. So,

according to

their intensity, these various needs are divided into three.

There are primary needs,

secondary needs, and tertiary needs. So,

what are primary needs?

So these primary needs are the

first needs that must be met

by humans for

their survival. So, if

these primary needs are not met, this can

disrupt survival. So,

what are some examples? Food, drink,

clothing, and shelter. Just

imagine if you didn't eat or

drink, do you think you could

survive? Maybe for

a few days, but if you

do it for a long period of time

, you definitely won't be able to

survive. So,

these primary needs are mandatory or must be met.

If not fulfilled,

your survival will definitely be disturbed. Well,

then the second is

secondary needs. Well, these secondary needs are

complementary in nature. So after

primary needs are met, then

we can

use secondary needs.

Examples include electronic equipment,

such as gadgets, televisions, and so on.

Imagine if you

hadn't bought food earlier, you wouldn't have been able to

survive, right? So, for example, if

you don't have a gadget or a

television, can you still survive

? Still possible, right? Because

these secondary items are only

complementary, not the main ones. The main thing

is primer. Secondary is

complementary. Well, then the third is

tertiary. Well, for example, tertiary needs are

needs that are fulfilled after

primary and secondary needs are fulfilled.

Well, so for example, tertiary goods

are luxury goods.

Examples include private jets, luxury movies,

sports car collections. So,

you can fulfill these tertiary needs

when you have too much. For example,

you have

more assets like that. Well, for example, if

primary needs have been met,

secondary needs have been met. Well,

for example, you still have some money left over

to buy a villa or

buy a collection of sports cars. Well, that can

only be fulfilled. So, don't let it be

like, for example, you write that

you want to buy a private jet, you want to buy

food, and for example, you want to buy

clothes, but what you prioritize

is buying a private jet first, not

buying food. Well, that's wrong. So

in making a priority scale, you

have to sort it from primary,

then secondary, and finally

tertiary. So remember primary is main,

secondary is complementary and tertiary are

luxury items. So it doesn't

have to be fulfilled. The tertiary is the

last one. There are

various types of needs, apart from

their intensity, there are also types according to their nature.

So, according to its nature, it is divided into

two, namely physical needs and

spiritual needs. Well, if it is physical, it is

a need that is required by the body.

Well, this can be seen, can be touched, and the

benefits can be felt. Examples

include food, drinks and clothing.

So, if for example this physical need

exists, you can see it.

Meanwhile, spiritual needs

are needs that are required by

our souls and hearts. Well, so this is something you

have to fulfill but you can't

see its form. For example, if

you are on holiday, you can see the

real form, not just food or

drinks. Can't do it, right? But

if you go on holiday, you can

feel it. For example, by going on holiday you

can get happiness like that. Well,

that's a

spiritual need, right? So, remember that

according to nature there are two, physical

and spiritual. If the body can

be seen, it has a form. If spirituality can

only be felt but its form

cannot be seen.

Then there is according to the subject. Well,

according to the subject, there are individual

and social. Well,

these individual needs are needs that are

required by each person.

Well, so each

individual is like that. So, each person's

needs are definitely different, they won't be the same

. Well, for example, if a

doctor needs a

stethoscope. For example, if a student

needs stationery, a farmer,

for example, needs a hoe. Well, so

these individuals are different, they

can't be used together. For

example, social is a

shared need that can be utilized by

many people. Well, so it's different

from the individual one. If it is

used by each individual and each

person can be different. Meanwhile,

social needs can be used

simultaneously. For example, hospitals,

schools, health centers, highways.

Well, those are things that can be used

together. It's impossible

for that road to be an individual, but

we can definitely use that road

together. For example, school. Well,

we use the school together,

not individually. So, there are

various types of needs according to

intensity, nature, and

subject.

Okay, that's all for our meeting

today. Our topic of discussion at

this meeting. See you again at the

next meeting.