Música en la Edad Media (476 - 1450) | Historia de la Música

Hello friends, welcome to a new theme of the history of music. In this video we will talk about music in the Middle Ages, so get comfortable and travel in time. Medieval music includes from the year 476 to the 15th century. Classification of medieval music It is classified into three major repertoires:

1. The flat or religious monody, popularly called Gregorian singing. 2. The profane music or music of troubadours. 3. The polyphony. The religious monody, liturgical music, Christian in the Middle Ages. Let's see how the transition from the music of antiquity to the Middle Ages.

Since its beginnings, the liturgical Christian and their music were marked by their origin in the Jewish tradition or singing of the synagogue. For example, at that time when Jesus and his disciples preached their teachings, when they met in the synagogue, the Jews sang in a vocal way, without instruments and monodically, that is, in one voice.

The first liturgical songs had two main styles: the psalm and the hymn. The psalm consists of reciting verses of psalms before, between and after a antiphon was sung, of more elaborated melody in a chorus. The hymn consists of melodies and texts of new creation and character closer to the community. Example:

The songs that are heard in the church at the time of the Eucharist, such as the responsorial, the choir responds to a soloist or the antiphonal, two separate choirs alternate in the song. Gregorian Song It is the official song of the Catholic Church in the Middle Ages, it is called so in honor of Pope Gregory I in the year 600, renovator and author of numerous melodies.

characteristics of Gregorian singing, it is music functional exclusively intended for liturgy, that is, it is a religious song of the Catholic Church, it is a monodic song, it was sung a cappella, without instruments, that is, the choirs sang a single melody and usually only with male voices, its text is written in Latin, official language of the church at that time.

Classification of Gregorian singing: For its musical style: Syllabic: A syllable is sung, only a note corresponds to it, that is, a syllable equals a sound. Pneumatic: Two or three sounds per syllable are sung, that is, a syllable equals two or three sounds. Melismatic:

several sounds are sung per syllable, ie a syllable equal to several sounds, for its form of interpretation. Direct style: the whole melody is sung until the end, that is, the whole choir plays the same song until it ends. Responsorial: the choir responds to the singing of the soloist, that is, it was practiced in the psalm or psalm responsorial. Antiphonal:

It is sung by dividing the choir into two groups, that is, they alternate singing fragments of a melody. The profane monodia or profane music. Trobadores, comes from the word trobar which means invent, which means that he wrote poetry in a romantic language, with his love songs above all.

also with their compositions of political propaganda, their debates and ultimately with their vision of the world show the beginning of a cultural and political history with a variety that is not found in any other document of the time. They were musicians, poets who composed their works and interpreted them or made them be interpreted by jugglers, they were aristocrats,

who composed songs and sometimes sang their own works. The juglares were wandering characters, constantly persecuted by the church, who went from village to village, from castle to castle, admiring and having fun with declamations and malabarism.

Music, lyrical and epic gestures were also generally accompanied with musical instruments. A juglar was an artist. A juglar was an walking artist. He offered his street show in public squares and sometimes he was hired to participate as an entertainment and attraction at parties and banquets of kings and nobles in exchange for money or food.

Difference between Juglar and Trobador The Trobador was a lyrical poet, usually of high social status, who accompanied a fixed melody and whose text was fixed by writing. Juglar, however, had an ambulant life, recited with its specific but not melodic intonation, memorized the texts and even improvised from

of certain thematic motives, could help the mimicry and the dramatization. The troubadour is the author, creator, and the jugular is the actor, interpreter. The polyphony is the art of combining sounds and melodies different and simultaneous. The simplest polyphonic form is the organum parallel,

In it a melody is superimposed on the Gregorian melody. Let's see what polyphony means. As the word itself says, "poly" is equal to "muchos" and "phony" is equal to "sounds". So this means that several sounds interact with each other. Antique Arts The Antique Arts is a consequence of musical development that occurred between the 9th and 12th centuries, when the first polyphonic forms appeared.

The Organum, which consisted of adding a Gregorian melody called Cantus firmus, a second voice at a distance of a fourth or fifth interval called "Vos Organalis". This technique was developed within the framework of religious music. The Discantus, which consisted of two voices moving in the opposite direction. The Conductus,

which is a new polyphonic system born in the so-called Notre Dame school in Paris, in which the main melody is not Gregorian, but invented by the composer with a more or less processional rhythm. The motete, which constitutes the great invention of this school, is a song to two or three voices of counterpoint character,

It has a different text and a different rhythm, so it is a very lively and contrasted music. The Canon is a polyphonic form in which there is only one melody, but that is repeated through successive entries of different voices or instruments. The difference with the other polyphonic forms is that here there is only one melody, but sung or played in different times.

At this time, the technique known as "note against note" or "contra-punctus" is developed, and over time it is elaborated more and more fundamentally in the rhythmic part, reaching to sing many notes for each tenor note, note that many times had the support of an instrument. ARS NOVA It is an expression due to the theorist Philip DeVitri,

which designates the musical production, both French and Italian, after the last works of the Antique Arts, to the predominance of the school of Burgundy, which will occupy the first place in the musical panorama of the West in the 15th century. The Ars Nova was a musical current of the 14th century, which was born as a counterpoint to the previous style, that is, the Antique Arts,

Rhythms, themes and melodies become more varied, music was acquiring more and more complexity in the rhythms and voices, forcing to re-present and modify frequently the rules of its elaboration. Philip de Vitry wrote in the early years of the 14th century a treatise on questions of musical notation, where he exposed the latest advances in this field.

Its title "Ars Nova" has served modern music science to call the music of the 14th century. Like, subscribe and share the video. And so you will learn more about the history of music. See you in the next video.