Dongeng Sejarah Ekonomi Dunia

OK, we're studying the history of economics

and I don't think I need to

write and my stomach is starting to hurt

because I'm already that old, I'm

just telling stories to my friends in the remaining

time I have

[Music]

like that. Where does the word economy come from

, friends? Anyone want to know? Anyone

want to try to answer?

Hmm. Has anyone ever heard the term

economics come from? Come on.

You guys are economics students

. Where does the word economy

come from? Yes, of course. At least you guys are like

, CPT, Google

like. Nobody really

knows. Eh, economics comes from the word

oikonomia, which means managing a

household. It was created by

Aristotle, who at that time began to provide

simple knowledge on how we

manage income and expenses and

manage our household.

Well, but long before Aristotle

defined economics, economic activities were

already carried out by humans, namely

bartering, fulfilling needs and so

on in a very

simple scope. From hunting and gathering,

over time it developed, over time it was

no longer possible to barter, there were more people

, more goods, finally

something called money or a medium of

exchange emerged. In my previous lecture,

I said that a medium of exchange is a

communication product due to mutual agreement.

In the end, we both agreed that the paper was

money, right? Well,

that's it. So, when

Aristotle's congregation grew, the economy

continued to grow, my friends.

Islamic economics, other economics until

finally, long story short, in

1775 or

1776,

a scholar named Adam Smith

wrote a book called The World of

Nations which became the basic foundation of

modern economics today.

He said that one of the

important factors in economic turnover is

production, namely labor.

If all individuals always think about

how to make their money better and

their life better, then a

harmonious society will emerge. So

as long as we think like that,

we don't need to think about other people,

we don't need to think about the country,

just think about ourselves. And if

each of us is

truly serious about thinking about

ourselves, then the ideal society

will be created, like that.

That's what Adam Smith thought at

that time. And the country has become a

watchman, a night watchman

, and doesn't need much

policy intervention. Let the invisible hand

work. Have you ever heard the term invincible?

That is what is called the market mechanism,

supply and demand. So there is no

need for intervention, let the market

compete perfectly.

Then a century later,

a man named Carl

Marx appeared, right? It's very common for

new students to enter campus that

if they're not left-wing, it's not okay.

Asked a little, "Wow, Marx said this,"

like that, "I'm a Marxist, I read Das

Kapital, I read the communist manifesto,

okay?" According to them, Karmar is

not a mainstream figure, even though he is that

mainstream. When you're older, oh

yeah like that. Well, Marx ca

n't really be

called an economist. He is a philosopher.

He lives in his name Marsman, yes. Well,

Carl Mars said, "Ah, that's wrong."

Adam Smith's Well of Nation.

Adam Smith's Well of Nation gave birth to

a mode of production called

capitalism. As much money as possible,

as much profit as possible,

as little capital as possible, squeezing out workers

who work up to 18 hours a day.

Labor is not being noticed. Then

das kapital emerged and criticized

capitalism as a result of the well of

nation thinking itself. In fact,

in the well of nation, there is no word

capitalism. Capitalism is a word

made up by Mars. Criticize

such thinking, prioritizing capital,

suppressing workers. Well, it turns out the impact is

that big. BTW, Karl Marx himself was

never a worker, friends.

He lives by

capitalism. Funded by a friend, what's

his name? Anyone

knows? Fred Engles. The rich people. Marx

doesn't want to work, he

just wants to write. Okay then. About what

happens to workers. And it had a huge impact. It had a

huge impact.

finally continued to

develop in that year,

besides Adam Smith, there were many

other figures such as Ricardo, David

Ricardo or several others who

had the same thesis on economics. Well, the

biggest surge, I mean the

biggest change, happened in

1929 to the 1930s. Anyone knows?

Because from a global economic perspective. That's right.

That's right. Because of the economic depression that

occurred in 29. Do you know that you have

seen the film Great GB?

Wow, bro. Oh, I forgot that movie was 2013,

Boss. Do you know the 1920s Hype

? People who are parti-parti drunk

partti drunk like that?

IP. IP, ma'am. What IP? That's so cool. Hi. Oh,

no. Hipi was in the 0s. So in the

1920s, America was really all about the American

Dream. Every morning, evening, and night, there's a

film on Babylonia, if I'm

not mistaken, on Netflix. The point is they

party all the time because they are rich.

In the past, laundry workers had stock, had shares.

Until finally the

great depression happened. That's

another discussion. Because people can no longer

return other people's investments, other people's stocks and

all sorts of things. fall into that economy. That's

where a

very famous theory emerged and became the basis of

today's macroeconomic theory. What is it,

guys? K theory, right, bro? Mmm,

a little

more, eh, semester 4, semester 6,

you know.

This is called the Kenesian Theory, which was

created by John Miner Kanes in

his book The General Theory. Well, he

criticized a lot of

classical economic thinking at that time. He said that

these classical economists messed everything up,

so according to classical economists of

Adam Speed's era and above,

unemployment doesn't exist, Boss.

There are people who don't want to

work because they haven't received a

decent salary and all that. So, in the end,

everyone there, all

classical economists saw that

there were workers who were unemployed because they had not

received offers and were oversupplied. The

right proposal finally made me unemployed. That's

according to classical economic theory

because in the end they will also

work when supply and demand

meet. Well, according to John Mk,

according to Skin, it's not like that, Boss. It's not like that,

this is stupid, this is what he said, like

Timothy 6, right? When he said, "Ah, that Kis

said something stupid," this is what he said. You guys

wake up playing GTA, he said, it increases

your nutritional LC. Well, John Miner

certainly isn't like that, is he? He said

no. He said that there are people who are

unemployed because there are no

job opportunities.

And it turned out to be true. Then

M also

said that classical economic theory says

that supply will always be

defeated by demand. There will be no

goods that will not run out. that's

also wrong. There are times when the item

doesn't sell. But according to

classical economists, the goods will definitely sell sooner

or

later and in 100 years they will definitely

sell. Then K denied it again. Yes, we're gonna die he said

. If we think that far, we

will all die in the end

without ever seeing whether

the goods sold or not. So, he broke the fundamentals of

many classical economic theories and

updated them very well.

One of the most famous is

aggregate demand. He calculated GDP, he

calculated, "Oh, we can't just

look at supply. We also have to

look at aggregate demand,

the fulfillment of employment opportunities. We

have to see, oh, the government needs

intervention. It can't all be

given to the market or all

to the market. For example, if there's a

recession like this, a depression like this,

the government has to step in, it has to

provide incentives, it has to provide direct cash assistance, it has to

create jobs so that people

work, so that there's money circulating.

That's the function of government spending

and it was successful in overcoming the

Great Depression of

1929 which ultimately led to World War

II and everything was successful. Has anyone

heard of

this?

Okay. So, do you have any questions up to this point

? Do you understand what I'm

telling you? Do you understand? If you don't

understand, please ask

even the most trivial questions, bro.

What demand, what supply? It's

okay, safe. So that it's easy, so that you understand

. There's a term that I've tried

to make simple, but

if you don't understand, it's okay,

we'll explain it again

. Because This time here, you won't

get any grades, you won't get any homework, you

won't get any assignments, right? After this is

over, our individual lives will

pass by, right? So, please,

if I don't

continue. Okay, I'll continue.

Until 1970, everyone finally

turned to

Jermainer Kin's general theory, but finally, the world

faced another problem, friends,

called

stagflation. So

in some circumstances, it's impossible for

inflation and

unemployment to go hand in hand, it's

impossible because in

inflation theory, there's a Phillips curve called,

in the short term, the higher the

inflation, the

lower the unemployment rate because there's

more money in circulation.

So, jobs are increasingly

open. And vice versa. Well,

stagflation is a situation where unemployment is high,

inflation is also high. Confused about using

K's theory, you can't use the

Kenesian method, you can't. Finally, there's

another method that

people have known for a long time, but it's not

used, it's called

neoliberalism. J was the initiator of it, Freedman

and Hayek. There's a book called The Road of

Serdom. Well, neoliberalism is even

worse. rather than a classical economist.

He said, "Well, the government

really shouldn't interfere

with the market. The market really has to

be made as easy as that. And even if there are

negative things that arise from

market mechanisms, that is the consequence

of the market working that way. There

will be disparities, but the pie will get

bigger. That's why there has to be a private sector,

that's why the government has to carry out

privatization, just leave it to the private sector.

That's what happened. And it turns out that the

stagnation, whether directly or

indirectly, large or small, is

affected by this and is indeed

finished. Well, people are getting more confused about

who is right, both of them are

solving the problem, you know.

Well, until finally something appeared again that

I had recovered from, eh, long story

short, which briefly touched on

behavioral economics, which proves

that every economic decision does not

occur rationally until

2008 when economists, when the

American economy fell, because of this, have

you ever watched this,

ee The Big Shot? There are some who have ever had a little bit of it

. Well, that's

your only homework. You guys should

watch BigST and if

there are any terms you don't understand,

DM me. From there, you will

love this course and love

this major. Because it's so cool. Are

you serious. And there's Margot

Robbie, there's Brad

Pitt. Brad Pitt. Everyone loves Brad

Pitt. Braditt. Yes There are many,

many big actors, there is Rian

Gosling, Steve Carol. So one of the

best movies I've ever seen. Well,

the fall of the American economy due to

subprime mortgages

due to property credit defaults and so on,

that crash fell. Well,

finally the method used is again the

government spending kinesian that

saved the economy in 2029.

What does it mean? This means that economics,

economics is not a definite theory,

friends. It's analytical in nature, that's all.

Adapting to the context, adapting to

the situation, adapting to the society.

And this complicated complexity,

this big one, it has to be calculated with

absolute precision so there are no mistakes.

That's why talking about economics won't

always be popular. For example, we know that

BLT is a bad policy. In

theory, we understand that this BLT is

bad. But in reality, it is

needed to stimulate people

to consume. Because if

people are not stimulated to

consume, then money will not

circulate. Okay, to be fair, now eating

free lunch or free nutritious food,

whatever it is called, we can't

just see it as lunch

. But the money that isn't used

for lunch ends up turning the

wheels of the economy. That's the concept.

But if that's the theory, but in

reality, it's not implemented

properly and ends up with a program that

is already burdening our state budget, but

it turns out that parents still have to buy

food because the food they were given is

rotten, well, that means it has no

impact on

our economy. Like that. That is the history of

economics and its application

in our daily needs. Do you

know why masks are expensive? during

COVID

because ee because don't go to malls and

other markets, Mas. In the end, whether

or not ee is an investor is

a certainty, whether

or not it is an

investment that has been going on

for several periods or years.

Mask prices. Oh, the price of the mask. Mask mask

time need need. That's right

. Hence the elasticity or

demand and supply curve. The law of

supply is that we will always

shop, we will always sell goods

when the price is high

as much as possible. The law of demand

is that we will buy goods when

we can truly achieve the

optimal price. And when prices

continue to rise and the item has a

substitute,

for example, consumers will switch

to other items. But if

conditions are inelastic like

yesterday's masks because there are no substitutes,

you want to talk about morality as long as you

talk about helping good people blah blah blah blah

still masks are sold for Rp.

80,000, people will buy Rp. 100,000.

Because it is inelastic, because there is no

substitute, there is no substitution.

That's how fair the economy is. It's not that

fair, it's that frank about

economics. When you include a

nojujutsu lecture, one video on

YouTube or 10 posts on Twitter

doesn't make a difference. People still sell

them, people still buy them, and

masks still sell well in those times. How does it

work? The way is to have a

substitute called a homemade cloth mask

. Mask prices are starting to return to

normal because people are hoarding them.

Well, that's how the economy works,

folks. For example, during the

cooking oil shortage a few years ago,

cooking oil sellers were

buying cooking oil for Rp. 20,000. Well,

the government has set a limit, the maximum it

can be sold is IDR 1,000. What does

the seller do?

Hoard. That's how the economy

works, the market mechanism works.

Why am I selling it? I bought it for Rp. 20,000.

That is the important role of the government

in maintaining economic stability. If

the government is not right, not

smart, that's what

happens. It's clear that there's a problem in

our cooking oil market, but we

're selling it for

14,000. Finally what? Finally, more and more

dark transactions are taking place, just

like

cigarettes. Can anyone explain to me the

smoking problem in Indonesia? That's a

problem, bro. Yes How is that?

Who is the official one? If it's

official now, like all that, the

prices are getting more and more

expensive, bro, right? Hey. Well,

now there are alternatives from

farmers who sell semiis and

all sorts of things. Are the farmers

selling it themselves? E no, I mean like without

opening it, meaning directly to

consumers without going through the government. Have you

ever bought that? Once. Still until now

?

But really, you bought it in the end, right?

Because

actually the solution is for you to stop

smoking, not buy cheap ones, not buy

illegal ones, those are

illegal cigarettes. Well that's it. But the fact is that the

reality is like that.

Where will your name be, Gosensor? Later the sound

will be like the sound of helium,

you know. Well that happened. Is Mr.

Husein wrong?

No. No. Yes, you could say that

legally it is wrong to consume

illegal cigarettes. But that's how the market works, right?

While the taste is the

same. In the end, who loses?

The community loses, the cigarette producers

lose. Who benefits? Yes,

this illegal perpetrator. The country also suffers losses due to

policies that are not on target. Well, that's how

complicated it is when we discuss

a country's economy. Therefore, when the

Finance Minister of One Country

makes more populist decisions than

populists, there is a problem

there. People support the higher price of cigarettes

so that more people will

not quit. Did the stop?

No. He was looking for illegal cigarettes. And

there are millions of people like this outside of

Java. That's right. In Sumatra, especially

if you go to Sumatra now, you won't

find cigarettes

made from needles, warehouses, salt, Sampurna.

No, the cigarettes mentioned earlier,

Lukman, Smith and so on. Is

not it?

Yes, in the end people look for

cheaper substitutes instead of adapting to

their needs. And this destroys

the economy from within as well. The person also

doesn't stop smoking. I never

met anyone because cigarette excise tax increased. There

are no people who have stopped smoking.

Because it is always because the

law enforcement in our place in this country that

we love so much is still not

strong enough. So this is what I'm going to teach you guys.

Especially after you graduate or

after becoming a bureaucrat or employee, for example

. The choice of diction is very

important, friends. I said that

law enforcement in our area is still

rotten. Well, that could be a problem. But

when I said that law enforcement was

not strong enough, it was okay, he

didn't make a speech even though it was the same.

This is really random, right? And it

really happened. I often say,

"You're rude if you want to call someone stupid

. Eh, you're stupid." Yes, that's really rude.

But yes, we are facing this problem of

intellectual limitations. Well,

it means the same thing but the person won't be

offended. Well, that's why Indonesia has

regulations like this

. And that's how economics works, the

cigarette problem. Can anyone give an

example of another problem, another case study

? HP, Sir. Why HP? E yesterday's

iPhone 11. Huh? Yesterday,

the PKD policy was put on hold for how long?

In the end, there are many mafias who are

following goods to Indonesia

at a fierce price,

burning above the SRP price.

How much did you buy them for? Are your headphones

16 loko lu

Smith. That's really cool. Did

you buy that too? If I'm honest, I would

definitely buy it, sir.

Oh, wait.

Sorry for the receipt here because I'm

selling and getting a discount.

For your cellphone, you can

buy an iPhone 16 Pro or 16, which will

definitely cost over Rp million. Your cigarettes,

Sid. Good grief.

Okay, that's a good example.

Because of the TKDN, in the end it still

doesn't reduce people's desire to buy the iPhone

16 Pro. And finally what? Finally

people went to Singapore. That's not the case, is

n't it, and the funny thing is that you had an iPhone

16 Pro when it was banned, it's not

illegal. It's funny, isn't it? It is not an

illegal activity. For example, when I went to Singapore,

I was banned from buying an

iPhone. I used it for myself, it was

legal and safe. I registered my email at customs. When I

was finished, how much potential

loss was there? So don't set TKDN at 40%, for example. Wow,

in terms of nomenclature, name, and

title, this is really good

. It has to be local 60% 40% all sorts

in

practice. Yes Taking goods from

China's minance and assembling them here, they say

our goods are sold five times

more expensive.

Because of the temporary TKDN,

we cannot take good items because they are

not

TKDN. And in the end, people choose to

buy good things, where else?

Singapore. So Singapore, Singapore is

rich because of us, there is

another country that is rich because of us.

Cambodia boss. Yes

Seeing a Rolls-Royce circulating in Jakarta is

not an

easy thing. In Cambodia, when you leave the house, you

see that it's our money

. Well, this is because of what?

Because in formulating our police economy, we are

still

populist. Ah, morally, what is it really like

? Ee ee how should I make this

? No, no, no,

not in a technocratic or academic way,

in conducting studies, in

making important decisions that make the

masses happy. The important thing is

to appear pro-people, regardless of which people are being

pro-people. What is important is that if

the student gets the grades they are on the side of, even though

the problems that arise are like those mentioned

above. And both of them, if

narrated on social media, are

good policies. increase cigarette excise

to stop smoking, increase TKTN

for domestic industry. And

the result is this is it.

Yes our economy too later.