¿Cómo respiran las plantas?

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the channel that accompanies your learning.

Today we'll talk about how

plants breathe.

Living beings require oxygen to

complete vital processes, as this

element plays a fundamental role in

obtaining and processing energy.

It's possible to obtain oxygen through

respiration, but while the objective

is similar, the processes are

completely different depending on the species.

For example, in the case of mammals,

we associate respiration with the

lungs, nose, and mouth.

But in the case of plants, they

have specialized structures that

are very different from those of

mammals and animals in general.

Being aerobic beings, meaning they

need to breathe to live, they need

oxygen from the air. Plants take in

oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide and

water

to carry out this process.

Plants have organs called

stomata, which are a kind of pore

found in the leaves.

In botany, these are more accurately described as

the small holes located in

the leaves of plants. These holes

are generally on the upper surface of the

plant, that is, on the underside.

Here we can see, enlarged, what

a stomach looks like:

these little circles of... Here, these

microscopic openings, as you can see, have the

ability to open and close.

These pores allow for

gas exchange, enabling the plant to

carry out the respiration necessary

to live and survive, fulfilling its

energy requirements.

Stomata are constantly opening and

closing to capture and release

substances. It's important to note that

stomata are crucial for

various processes. In

respiration, they absorb

oxygen from the air and expel

carbon dioxide and water, while in

photosynthesis,

they absorb carbon dioxide and

release oxygen.

Here we see an image of a

more closed stoma, and here an image of an open

stoma.

Besides stomata, plants

also have other organs

called lenticular cells.

Lentiles are found in

stems and trunks and perform a

similar function to stomata,

allowing oxygen to pass through and

water vapor to escape. Unlike

stomata, lenticular cells only

participate in

plant respiration, not photosynthesis, as

carbon dioxide cannot pass through them.

Here we can see... The lenses of

this trunk are

more visible than stomata because they

are not as microscopic. Another difference

between stomata and lenticular lenses is that

stomata are made up of

epithelial cells and are therefore found in

the epidermal tissue of leaves and

stems, while lenticular

lenses are located in inert areas

of the bark of stems and roots. The

function of these lenticular lenses is to allow

gas exchange between the

plant's internal tissues and the

atmosphere.

Lentiles are especially

important

for deciduous plants because

they lose leaves seasonally, and by

losing their leaves, they

also lose their ability to breathe. Here,

the lenticular lenses help

these trees, which are the ones that

basically lose their leaves in autumn, to

breathe.

It is important to emphasize that oxygen

from the air or oxygen dissolved in water

can penetrate all parts of

the plant. That is to say, although

stomata and lenticular lenses are

very useful in cellular respiration, other

parts of the plant also respire. That is why

special care must be taken

with the root, since the Roots can

capture oxygen from the tiny

spaces in the soil.

Therefore, if the soil is waterlogged

or compacted, the roots won't be

able to breathe, making it very difficult

for the plant to survive

healthily. It's

sometimes said that

plant respiration only happens at night, but

this is a misconception.

Plant respiration occurs

both day and night. Why is

this said? Because during the day,

two processes occur simultaneously:

photosynthesis and respiration.

In both processes, the plant uses

its stomata. We can observe the

entry and exit of both

oxygen and carbon dioxide. Since

two processes are happening at the

same time, respiration isn't emphasized as much.

At night, however, only

respiration takes place, and

this process is

more intense. Therefore, we conclude

that during the day, the plant respires,

but less intensely than at

night. This is because, in addition to respiration,

photosynthesis also occurs.

At night, the plant respires

more intensely because

photosynthesis doesn't take place. It's

common to confuse the two. The

process of respiration versus the process of

photosynthesis:

here we will try to highlight the

most important differences between

them. The process of respiration is

carried out to obtain oxygen; that is its

main objective. Meanwhile, the

process of photosynthesis is carried out to

produce the plant's food. They are

two very different things. In the case of

respiration, it also occurs

day and night, while

photosynthesis generally takes place

during the day. In this diagram, we can

see the process of respiration, in

which oxygen enters through the

stomata and carbon dioxide exits,

also through the stomata. And not

only carbon dioxide exits, but

as I mentioned, water vapor also exits.

And here is the process of

photosynthesis. In the process of

photosynthesis, what enters through the

stomata is not oxygen but carbon dioxide,

and oxygen exits into the environment. Well,

guys, that's all for today.

I hope it was helpful and that you

liked it.

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